Law Commons^™

Textual (In)Difference In State Search-And-Seizure Provisions, Quinn Yeargain

Northwestern University Law Review

Over the past 250 years, state constitutional drafters have refined the scope of rights and liberties protected by their constitutions’ texts. Today, all state constitutions include a search-and-seizure provision—and though only a minority follow the layout, text, and context of the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, most of them bear a striking resemblance to it. However, textual variations abound. Some of them may seem minor, like using the word “possessions” instead of “effects,” or mandating that warrants describe their intended targets “as nearly as may be” instead of requiring that they “particularly describ[e]” them. But others, like the addition …

State Constitutionalism's Fragile Wall, Adam B. Sopko

Northwestern University Law Review

The adequate and independent state grounds (AISG) doctrine has long demarcated the perimeter of the U.S. Supreme Court’s authority to review state court decisions, limiting review to questions of federal law. AISG maintains the Court’s primacy over federal law and state courts’ supremacy over state law. A comprehensive review of all filings on the Court’s docket from state courts over the last twenty years reveals that recent applications of AISG consist of subtle but significant departures from existing norms that, together, suggest a reformulation of the Court’s power over state courts that threatens their sovereign law development role. This Essay …

Foreword: Fifty-One Constitutions In An Evolving Federal Order, Misha Bogdanov, Olivia Christ

Northwestern University Law Review

On November 6 and 7, 2025, the Northwestern University Law Review, along with the Brennan Center for Justice and State Court Report, convened for its annual symposium, titled The Power of State Constitutional Rights. The symposium brought together judges, practitioners, and scholars to consider the substantive rights protected by state constitutions, the institutions charged with enforcing them, and the democratic processes through which state constitutional law changes. Across conversations about reproductive freedom, criminal procedure, labor, economic liberty, LGBTQ+ rights, voting, federalism, and judicial design, one proposition repeatedly, and emphatically, came into view: American constitutional law is not exhausted by the …

Child Labor And State Constitutionalism, Andrew Hammond, Helen Hershkoff

Northwestern University Law Review

Almost ninety years after Congress banned “oppressive” child labor as part of the Fair Labor Standards Act, employers are pushing state legislatures to let them put children to work in dangerous poultry plants, at hazardous construction sites, and during late shifts on school nights. Perversely, calls to rollback federal protections are camouflaged in the rhetoric of parents’ rights, casting child labor regulation as intrusive, paternalistic, and even socialist—echoing the same corporate arguments used a century ago when the Child Labor Amendment to the U.S. Constitution went down in defeat. These arguments mask the desperate economic circumstances of a parent claiming …

State Greenhouse Gas Emissions Disclosure Laws And The Dormant Commerce Clause: Leveraging The State Interest In Protecting Residents From Deception To Pass The Pike Balancing Test, Matthew Macphail

Northwestern University Law Review

Misleading corporate claims about greenhouse gas emissions pose a high risk of consumer deception, as there is currently no uniform federal standard governing how companies must measure or disclose those emissions. Without a national regulatory scheme, firms can selectively report, use inconsistent methodologies, or market vague “carbon neutral” claims, making it difficult for consumers to assess accuracy or compare companies’ representations.

In 2023, California introduced legislation requiring companies doing business in the state to disclose their greenhouse gas emissions in an effort to bring transparency to this area. But such state-level mandates face a constitutional obstacle: the Dormant Commerce Clause, …

New Judicial Federalism At The Crossroads: Observations Of State Constitutionalism In Rhode Island, Melissa A. Long, Geoffrey H. Cole

Northwestern University Law Review

Jurists nationwide are engaged in robust conversations about state constitutionalism and the degree to which their state constitutions are more protective of individual rights than is the United States Constitution. The Rhode Island Supreme Court, like several state supreme courts, largely adheres to the minimum standards of protection that the United States Supreme Court establishes under the federal constitution when interpreting analogous provisions under the state constitution; that is, it follows a lockstep approach with the United States Supreme Court’s interpretation of individual rights guaranteed by the federal constitution that are also protected under the Rhode Island Constitution.

Proponents of …

Geduldig's Footnote: Five-Plus Decades Of State Courts Reckoning With Federal Pregnancy Discrimination Doctrine, Martha F. Davis

Northwestern University Law Review

In Geduldig v. Aiello (1974), the U.S. Supreme Court held that pregnancy discrimination does not constitute sex discrimination. The decision’s constitutional logic has recently been applied in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization and United States v. Skrmetti. Yet over five decades, state courts have overwhelmingly rejected Geduldig’s rationale—both in construing state employment discrimination statutes and in interpreting state constitutional equality provisions. Courts in at least sixteen states have rejected Geduldig’s rationale in construing state employment discrimination laws, while only four states have followed it. Of the ten states with Equal Rights Amendments that have addressed whether …

State Constitutional Rights And Judicial Power, Zachary D. Clopton

Northwestern University Law Review

On the one hand, we are in a moment when interest in state courts and state constitutional law is growing. Especially, though not exclusively, among those who question the Supreme Court of the United States, there are increasing calls for state supreme courts to rely on state constitutions to expand rights. On the other hand, we are in a moment when interest in reducing the power of the courts is growing. Especially, though not exclusively, among those who question the Supreme Court of the United States, there are increasingly calls for reining in judicial power.

This Essay is not an …

Arming The Conflict: United States’ Complicity In Mexico’S War On Drugs, Jesus Oliveros

Pace International Law Review

Mexico’s ongoing human rights crisis during the war on drugs has been driven not only by domestic factors, such as political corruption and organized crime, but also by decades of United States (U.S.) policy and strategy. The U.S. has played a central role in shaping the policy framework governing the drug war, often unilaterally, while overlooking significant drivers of the crisis within its own control. Through sustained support for militarized strategies and permissive domestic firearm regulations, the U.S. has exercised significant influence over the conditions under which violence and human rights abuses have proliferated in Mexico. Against this backdrop, this …

Non-State Actors And The Due Diligence Obligation To Protect Healthcare Facilities In Cyberspace: Is The World Prepared For The Next Pandemic?, Dr. Ardit Memeti

Pace International Law Review

This article presents a novel approach by developing a lex specialis due diligence framework based on the elements identified in the ICJ Advisory Opinion on Climate Change, which by analogy, establishes sector-specific elements to protect healthcare facilities from cyberattacks by Non-State Actors (NSAs). Cyberattacks by NSAs during the COVID-19 pandemic exposed the risks, including the disruption of essential healthcare services and hindrance of positive obligations to ensure the rights to health, life, and privacy, among others. Existing instruments, including the Budapest Convention, the Tallinn Manuals, and the Oxford Statements, offer an important but incomplete framework. Meanwhile, the recent UN Convention …

Do The Members Of The Un Security Council Have An Absolute Right To Veto A Un Security Council Resolution?, Asif H. Qureshi

Pace International Law Review

The focus of this article is the exercise of the UN Security Council “veto.” This is done through an examination of the question whether members of the UN Security Council have an absolute right to veto? The author comes to this query against the background of different arguments that have been proffered thus far in the recent contemporary discourse on the issue and then presenting the author’s findings on this, including suggesting a strategic way of uncovering an authoritative answer to this vexed question that has thwarted the work of the UN Security Council in times of international crisis.

Manual Alignment—A Comparison Of The Law Of Armed Conflict Manuals Of The United States And Its Allies: How Reading Manuals Helps Military Lawyers Speak The Same Language When Planning Combined Operations, Jacob M. Fisch

Pace International Law Review

This article helps military lawyers work with allies.  By comparing the Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC) Manuals printed by the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Australia, this article identifies consequential differences in the interpretation of LOAC between these five countries.  The article discusses four such differences: definitions of foundational principles, incursion into a neutral or nonparticipating State during a conflict, the role of doubt in making targeting decisions, and the degree of protection accorded to the environment from the effects of attacks.  While these differences point to possible challenges for cooperation between the United States and its …

Parameters Autumn 2026, Usawc Press

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

The Intersection Of Sport Betting And Consumer Behavior: A Systematic Review, Jackson Sears, Beth Cianfrone

UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal

Sport betting is a popular and lucrative entertainment segment of the sport industry. As such, understanding consumer behavior across the betting experiences is critical for the many stakeholders involved. The current study is a systematic quantitative literature review which assesses the current state of literature that intersects sport betting and consumer behavior literature, specifically cognitive, affective, conative, and consumption behavior of the sport bettors. The purpose of the systematic review is to (1) identify the most recent sport betting consumer behavior research, (2) compile and examine theoretical frameworks guiding sport gambling consumer research, (3) provide a descriptive summary of findings …

The End-Of-Life Option Most People Don’T Know About: Is It Legal?, Pamela Bucy Pierson

Idaho Law Review

This article is about an end-of-life option that many people have not heard of: Voluntary Stopping Eating and Drinking (VSED). With VSED, a person deliberately ceases intake of food and fluid to hasten their death. VSED is a peaceful, pain-free end-of-life option chosen by an increasing number of individuals in their last chapter of life who are suffering from chronic, incurable, progressively debilitating diseases. While there is considerable scholarship on the lawfulness of VSED, there is confusion in the existing literature on whether VSED is suicide, and on the related question whether individuals who provide comfort and care to VSED …

Cheap Talk, Deepfakes, Epistemic Injustice, False Light, And Free Speech, Cosim Sayid

Idaho Law Review

Defamation is a more or less effective tool in tort law to stop damage to one’s reputation, which can be grievous and even lead to a death of despair, but its scope is limited to content that’s literally false. Much reputational harm does not proceed via literally false content; it is a matter of images or what’s implied. Against this opponent an effective False Light tort is of much use when properly understood as a reputational—rather than privacy—tort. False Light can be wielded against conversational implicature as well as deepfakes. It fulfills our moral imperative to not succumb to cheap …

Great Crypto Vanishing Act: Illusory Contracts And The Economic Loss Rule, Henry H. Perritt Jr.

Idaho Law Review

Cryptocurrencies have gained respectability with enactment of the federal GENIUS Act, which lays a regulatory foundation for the safest type of cryptocurrency, stablecoins, while leaving significant uncertainty with respect to unbacked crypto assets like Bitcoin and other cryptomoney and crypto investments that do not come within the GENUIS Act’s scope. The vulnerability of cryptocurrencies to wild fluctuations in value and to outright collapse are legion. The GENIUS Act may tame some actors who choose to operate within its framework, but many questions remain.

Legal remedies available to victims of cryptocurrency mishaps, from exchange collapses to issuer fraud, depend heavily on …

The Federal Rules Of Evidence And Adjudicating Truth To Power, Susan H. Bitensky

Idaho Law Review

No abstract provided.

Child Protection Across Cultural Borders: Is Child Neglect Culture-Specific? Should It Be?, David Pimentel, Meeka C. Woods

Idaho Law Review

No abstract provided.

Intercountry Adoptions In South Africa And Uganda: Do Different Contracting Statuses Relative To The Hague Convention Matter?, Joseph Isanga

Idaho Law Review

No abstract provided.

Marriage Jurisdiction Under European Union Law: Cross-Border Recognition Of Ecclesiastical Decisions, Carmen Garcimartín

Idaho Law Review

No abstract provided.

Flexibility And Resistance Of Family Law In France And Other European Countries In The Context Of The Internationalization Of The Family And Of Family Law, Sylwia Castillo-Wyszogrodzka

Idaho Law Review

The international mobility of individuals requires legal orders to adjust their jurisprudence and legal practice. The evolution of family law oscillates between internationalization and protection of national identity. This phenomenon is particularly striking in Europe, where individuals enjoy the right to move and reside freely within the European Union and where family law is influenced by the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union.

The state reduces its authority to comply with new requirements and gives individuals more power to create their own family bonds. Many questions arise around the legal recognition of …

Idaho Law Review 62.2

Idaho Law Review

No abstract provided.

Masthead

Seattle University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents

Seattle University Law Review

No abstract provided.

V.63-2, 2026 Masthead

San Diego Law Review

No abstract provided.

Liberty As Entitlement In The Common Law, Joshua C. Tate

San Diego Law Review

In recent decades, some Justices of the U.S. Supreme Court have questioned the broad definition of liberty that is the basis for the doctrine of substantive due process.  In his dissenting opinion in Obergefell v. Hodges, for example, Justice Thomas argued that liberty in the common-law tradition “has long been understood as individual freedom from governmental action, not as a right to a particular governmental entitlement.”  This Article will argue that such a narrow definition excludes many instances in which the common law used “liberty” as a synonym for “privilege” or “entitlement.”  Treatises that were well-known to the Framers …

Enhancing Protections For Professionals Who Report Misconduct As Required By A Fiduciary Duty Or A Professional Code Of Conduct, Nicholas Daniel Seger, Kelli Myers

San Diego Law Review

Whistleblowers play a critical role in maintaining ethical standards within professional environments, yet current legal frameworks often leave professionals who report misconduct vulnerable to severe retaliation.  Despite clear ethical and fiduciary duties requiring professionals, including attorneys, accountants, and medical providers, to report known misconduct, those who fulfill these obligations may face termination, reputational harm, and financial loss.  The case of Bohatch v. Butler & Binion starkly illustrates the chilling effect of insufficient legal protections, where a partner’s adherence to her ethical duty resulted in professional exile.  Without robust legal safeguards, professionals are left to navigate a treacherous landscape where integrity …

The Common Law Is A Complex Adaptive System, Ronald J. Allen, Paul Piazza

San Diego Law Review

Traditional accounts of the common law from Blackstone to Dworkin focus on the role of precedent in judicial decision-making, the metaphysical nature of law, and the heroic judge.  As important as these perspectives are, they miss the essence of the common law, which is that it is a “complex adaptive system,” with the capacity to process vast amounts of information and broadly impact individuals and society in unexpected ways.

Complexity Theory—the study of decentralized, yet self-organizing systems and the emergent phenomena they produce—has been applied to study real-world systems as wide-ranging as the immune system, insect colonies, the global economy, …

The Oxymoron At The Heart Of Delaware’S Making Elon Happy Legislation, Franklin A. Gevurtz

San Diego Law Review

This Article proceeds as follows: Part II provides the background by giving a brief overview of the law governing transactions between a controlling stockholder and the corporation or its minority stockholders; laying out the complaints about recent Delaware court decisions applying this law; and explaining how S.B.-21 responded to these complaints through a belt and suspenders approach of narrowing both the definition of controlling stockholder and the difference in the legal treatment between controlling stockholder transactions and transactions with conflicted directors.

Part III explains the fundamental inconsistency created by the statute’s effort to limit the definition of controlling stockholder by …