Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Labor and Employment Law (152)
- Legislation (46)
- Civil Rights and Discrimination (35)
- Constitutional Law (19)
- Law and Society (18)
-
- State and Local Government Law (18)
- Supreme Court of the United States (17)
- Dispute Resolution and Arbitration (16)
- Law and Gender (16)
- Business Organizations Law (15)
- Administrative Law (12)
- Comparative and Foreign Law (9)
- First Amendment (9)
- Legal Remedies (9)
- Courts (8)
- Disability Law (8)
- Health Law and Policy (8)
- Torts (8)
- Education Law (7)
- Jurisprudence (7)
- Law and Race (7)
- Privacy Law (7)
- Civil Procedure (6)
- Law and Politics (6)
- Securities Law (6)
- Workers' Compensation Law (6)
- Immigration Law (5)
- Intellectual Property Law (5)
- Internet Law (5)
- Institution
-
- University of Michigan Law School (99)
- Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law (29)
- University of South Carolina (17)
- West Virginia University (12)
- Pepperdine University (10)
-
- University of Missouri School of Law (9)
- Maurice A. Deane School of Law at Hofstra University (8)
- Northern Illinois University (8)
- Santa Clara Law (7)
- Touro University Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center (6)
- University of Massachusetts School of Law (6)
- Maurer School of Law: Indiana University (5)
- Louisiana State University Law Center (4)
- Marquette University Law School (4)
- Notre Dame Law School (4)
- Saint Louis University School of Law (4)
- Duke Law (3)
- Fordham Law School (3)
- Seattle University School of Law (3)
- St. Mary's University (3)
- University of Richmond (3)
- Georgia State University College of Law (2)
- The University of San Francisco (2)
- Case Western Reserve University School of Law (1)
- Chicago-Kent College of Law (1)
- Cleveland State University (1)
- Pace University (1)
- Schulich School of Law, Dalhousie University (1)
- St. John's University School of Law (1)
- St. Thomas University College of Law (1)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Michigan Law Review (36)
- University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform (34)
- Villanova Law Review (29)
- South Carolina Law Review (17)
- West Virginia Law Review (12)
-
- Michigan Journal of Gender & Law (10)
- Michigan Journal of International Law (8)
- Northern Illinois University Law Review (8)
- Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary (7)
- Missouri Law Review (7)
- Santa Clara Law Review (7)
- Hofstra Labor & Employment Law Journal (6)
- Touro Law Review (6)
- University of Massachusetts Law Review (6)
- Louisiana Law Review (4)
- Notre Dame Law Review (4)
- Saint Louis University Law Journal (4)
- Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy (3)
- Indiana Law Journal (3)
- Michigan Journal of Race and Law (3)
- Michigan Telecommunications & Technology Law Review (3)
- Seattle University Law Review (3)
- University of Richmond Law Review (3)
- Georgia State University Law Review (2)
- Hofstra Law Review (2)
- Journal of Dispute Resolution (2)
- Marquette Sports Law Review (2)
- Michigan Law Review First Impressions (2)
- Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal (2)
- St. Mary's Law Journal (2)
Articles 31 - 60 of 267
Full-Text Articles in Law
Human Capital As Intellectual Property? Non-Competes And The Limits Of Ip Protection, Viva R. Moffat
Human Capital As Intellectual Property? Non-Competes And The Limits Of Ip Protection, Viva R. Moffat
Akron Law Review
Non-compete agreements have become increasingly common in recent years, imposed on twenty to forty percent (or more) of employees in some industries, both in the knowledge-intensive fields where they might be expected but also in the service industries on low-wage workers. As non-competes have proliferated, they have become increasingly controversial. Much of the discussion revolves around whether the agreements help or hinder innovation and economic growth. While this is also accompanied by some concern about the effect of non-competes on employees, little attention has been paid to the fact that employers use non-competes as tools for protecting intellectual property and …
Ufc Fighters Are Taking A Beating Because They Are Misclassified As Independent Contractors. An Employee Classification Would Change The Fight Game For The Ufc, Its Fighters, And Mma, Vincent Salminen
Pace Intellectual Property, Sports & Entertainment Law Forum
The current state of affairs in the sport of mixed martial arts (MMA) is overwhelmingly in favor of the companies promoting the fights and not in favor of the athletes actually putting their health and lives at risk. This article looks at the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) and how it classifies its fighters as independent contractors rather than employees, even though it treats the fighters more like employees. This article addresses issues fighters are having with the current classification and then examines how the fighters could be classified as employees. Finally, the article will address what an employee classification would …
One Of These Interns Is Not Like The Others: How The Eleventh Circuit Misapplied The “Tweaked Primary Beneficiary” Test To Required Clinical Internships, Samuel C. Goodman
One Of These Interns Is Not Like The Others: How The Eleventh Circuit Misapplied The “Tweaked Primary Beneficiary” Test To Required Clinical Internships, Samuel C. Goodman
University of Miami Law Review
Today’s ever-changing business environment continues to challenge the traditional educational model, further blurring the line between learning and labor. This has resulted in great uncertainty as to the proper legal treatment of the student intern, specifically the unpaid student intern.
This Note is intended to introduce a new perspective to the unpaid internship debate and highlight the need for courts to focus on the specific type of internship at issue before formulating an approach to best assess whether the intern should be classified as an employee entitled to wages. Part I of the Article will discuss the Fair Labor Standards …
A New Take On An Old Problem: Employee Misclassification In The Modern Gig-Economy, Jennifer Pinsof
A New Take On An Old Problem: Employee Misclassification In The Modern Gig-Economy, Jennifer Pinsof
Michigan Telecommunications & Technology Law Review
For decades, U.S. labor and employment law has used a binary employment classification system, labeling workers as either employees or independent contractors. Employees are granted a variety of legal protections, while independent contractors are not. However, the explosion of the gig-economy—which connects consumers with underutilized resources—has produced a growing number of workers who do not seem to fit into either category. Though far from traditional employees, gig-workers bear little resemblance to independent contractors. Forced to choose, however, most gig-economy companies label their workers as independent contractors, depriving them of many basic worker-protections. Gig-workers have turned to the courts, hoping to …
Limiting The Legal Liability Of Religious Institutions For Their Clergy: Cavanaugh V Grenville Christian College, M H. Ogilvie
Limiting The Legal Liability Of Religious Institutions For Their Clergy: Cavanaugh V Grenville Christian College, M H. Ogilvie
Dalhousie Law Journal
The purpose of this article is to explore the case law relating to the potential legal liability of ecclesiastical institutions for the conduct of their clergy and lay employees in the tort of negligence, vicarious liability and breach of fiduciary duty While a number of cases have resulted in findings of liability especially in those relating to the Indian residential schools, a recent decision from the Ontario Court of Appeal, Cavanaugh v. Grenville Christian College, suggests ways of thinking about the limits and scope of liability for institutions whose charitable purposes are occasionally betrayed by rogue persons over whom theymay …
The Troubling Problem Of Income Inequality: A Few Thoughts, James F. Freeley
The Troubling Problem Of Income Inequality: A Few Thoughts, James F. Freeley
University of Massachusetts Law Review
Income inequality has become an important public policy issue in the United States. This Essay examines the issue in a political, economic, and legal context. It argues that the only policy responses that will work to address the underlying trends are ones that put a priority upon hiring people at a living wage and encouraging entrepreneurship and growth at all levels of the economy.
Out Of Balance: Wrong Turns In Public Employee Speech Law, Michael Toth
Out Of Balance: Wrong Turns In Public Employee Speech Law, Michael Toth
University of Massachusetts Law Review
Although scholars offer a variety of explanations for the modern Supreme Court’s public employee speech jurisprudence, they share a common presumption. According to the standard account, the modern era of public employee free speech law began in 1968, with the Court’s adoption of a balancing test in Pickering v. Board of Education. Contrary to this view, this Article argues that Pickering balancing is better characterized as a relic from a bygone era rather than the start of a new one. Balancing was once the Court’s standard method of judging First Amendment claims. When Pickering was decided, however, balancing was under …
The Legal Status Of Charter Schools In State Statutory Law, Preston C. Green Iii, Bruce D. Baker, Joseph O. Oluwole
The Legal Status Of Charter Schools In State Statutory Law, Preston C. Green Iii, Bruce D. Baker, Joseph O. Oluwole
University of Massachusetts Law Review
Given the recent increase in charter schools as an alternative to the traditional public education system, this Article explores the legal status and position of charter schools. Charter schools exhibit many characteristics of private schools, particularly in terms of management, but also retain many public school features. Thus, this Article explores areas of the law where charter schools were either classified as public or private in terms of state statutes or regulations, discussing recent and some pending litigation. First, this Article discusses whether charter schools, charter school boards and officials, or educational management organizations which manage charter schools are entitled …
The Cowboy Code Meets The Smash Mouth Truth: Mediations On Worker Incivility, Michael C. Duff
The Cowboy Code Meets The Smash Mouth Truth: Mediations On Worker Incivility, Michael C. Duff
West Virginia Law Review
No abstract provided.
Remedies For Detainees: The Impact Of The Ninth Circuit's Decision On Medical Negligence Cases, Arzoo Rajani
Remedies For Detainees: The Impact Of The Ninth Circuit's Decision On Medical Negligence Cases, Arzoo Rajani
University of Massachusetts Law Review
This comment examines the impact of the Ninth Circuit‘s holding in medical neglect cases and whether the Second Circuit made an error. To examine this issue, it must first be understood what the factual and legal background is concerning each case, the detainee‘s medical rights and the types of actions they can bring against government employees. After examining the law, the Second Circuit‘s holding is then compared with the Ninth Circuit‘s holding. Finally, this comment argues why the Supreme Court should affirm the Ninth Circuit‘s holding.
Work, Study, Organize!: Why The Northwestern University Football Players Are Employees Under The National Labor Relations Act, César F. Rosado Marzán, Alex Tillett-Saks
Work, Study, Organize!: Why The Northwestern University Football Players Are Employees Under The National Labor Relations Act, César F. Rosado Marzán, Alex Tillett-Saks
Hofstra Labor & Employment Law Journal
This article analyzes the first case of college athlete unionization under the National Labor Relations Act ("NLRA") that has reached the National Labor Relations Board – that of the Northwestern University football players. We reanalyze the case and concur with Region 13 of the NLRB, which determined that these college athletes are employees under the NLRA. However, we also go beyond Region 13's decision and argue that the walk-on players, or those football players who do not receive scholarships, may also be employees under the NLRA.
The grant-in-aid football players of Northwestern University meet the three rules normally used to …
Eliminating Arbitrary Age Descrimination In 401(K) And Pension Plan Eligibility Requirements: A Simple Fix To Encourage Younger Workers To Save For Retirement, Andrew J. Clopton
Eliminating Arbitrary Age Descrimination In 401(K) And Pension Plan Eligibility Requirements: A Simple Fix To Encourage Younger Workers To Save For Retirement, Andrew J. Clopton
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform Caveat
Current federal law allows companies to exclude their youngest workers from participating in 401(k) and other pension plans. Public policy should encourage young workers to contribute to retirement as early as practicable, rather than impose obstacles to saving. Workers who begin saving even a few years earlier improve their retirement security and reduce the likelihood they will be dependent on the government later in life. While “age discrimination” is conventionally thought of as the mistreatment of older workers, this concept applies equally to employees who are differentiated based solely on their young age. Thus, Congress should amend the Internal Revenue …
Centering The Teenage "Siren": Adolescent Workers, Sexual Harassment, And The Legal Construction Of Race And Gender, Anastasia M. Boles
Centering The Teenage "Siren": Adolescent Workers, Sexual Harassment, And The Legal Construction Of Race And Gender, Anastasia M. Boles
Michigan Journal of Gender & Law
Recent scholarship and media attention has focused on the prevalence of sexually harassing behavior directed at working teenagers, and the emergence of sexual harassment lawsuits by these minors against their employers. Although many of the legal issues concerning workplace sexual harassment and adult workers (and the various state and federal jurisprudence prohibiting it) have been widely discussed, there is surprisingly little discourse, research, and precedent addressing the problem of workplace sexual harassment and teen workers. Currently, most sexual harassment cases brought by adolescent workers are litigated using the doctrinal framework for adult workers. Only the Seventh Circuit has developed an …
Essay: A Positive Perspective On Regulation Of The Workplace Relationship, Dana M. Muir
Essay: A Positive Perspective On Regulation Of The Workplace Relationship, Dana M. Muir
Marquette Benefits and Social Welfare Law Review
Positive Organizational Scholarship studies how business organizations and their employees excel and thrive. It takes the opposite perspective from the traditional organizational research that examines negative deviance and how that deviance inhibits organizational performance. Like traditional organizational scholars, legal scholars (as well as lawyers, legislators, judges, and regulators) typically focus on problems. Examples abound in the field of employment law. For example, to what extent does employment discrimination still exist and how can it be eliminated? And, what constraints prevent Americans from achieving retirement security and how can those constraints be eliminated? This Essay proposes that we examine the Positive …
Coercive Assimilationism: The Perils Of Muslim Women's Identity Performance In The Workplace, Sahar F. Aziz
Coercive Assimilationism: The Perils Of Muslim Women's Identity Performance In The Workplace, Sahar F. Aziz
Michigan Journal of Race and Law
Should employees have the legal right to “be themselves” at work? Most Americans would answer in the negative because work is a privilege, not an entitlement. But what if being oneself entails behaviors, mannerisms, and values integrally linked to the employee’s gender, race, or religion? And what if the basis for the employer’s workplace rules and professionalism standards rely on negative racial, ethnic or gender stereotypes that disparately impact some employees over others? Currently, Title VII fails to take into account such forms of second-generation discrimination, thereby limiting statutory protections to phenotypical or morphological bases. Drawing on social psychology and …
Subminimum Or Subpar? A Note In Favor Of Repealing The Fair Labor Standards Act's Subminimum Wage Program, Melia Preedy
Subminimum Or Subpar? A Note In Favor Of Repealing The Fair Labor Standards Act's Subminimum Wage Program, Melia Preedy
Seattle University Law Review
This Note argues for the repeal of Section 14(c) of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), which continues to perpetuate a system allowing employers to pay less than minimum, or “subminimum,” wage to certain employees with disabilities. The Section 14(c) program is a relic of policy leftover from the 1930s and does not help the disabled community, but rather rests on the presumption that persons with disabilities never progress. In light of recent House Resolution 3086, Congress went against the current trend of encouraging maximum independence and equal opportunities for persons with disabilities and instead upheld the subminimum wage program; …
Employment Arbitration Reform: Preserving The Right To Class Proceedings In Workplace Disputes, Javier J. Castro
Employment Arbitration Reform: Preserving The Right To Class Proceedings In Workplace Disputes, Javier J. Castro
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
The recent judicial enforcement of class waivers in arbitration agreements has generated ample debate over the exact reach of these decisions and their effects on the future of collective action for consumers and employees. In AT&T Mobility v. Concepcion, a 5-4 majority of the Supreme Court majority held that the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) preempted state laws prohibiting companies from incorporating class action waivers into arbitration agreements. The Court upheld such waivers on the grounds that they are consistent with the language and underlying purpose of the FAA. Most courts across the country have since reinforced the strong federal policy …
Legitimizing Discrimination Against Trans Employees, Natalie Hrubos
Legitimizing Discrimination Against Trans Employees, Natalie Hrubos
Tennessee Journal of Law and Policy
Trans employees can experience subtle forms of workplace discrimination. Seemingly neutral or natural policies and practices sometimes reflect discriminatory attitudes and create unwelcoming or even hostile work environments for trans employees. Fortunately, courts have recently begun to recognize that discrimination against trans employees constitutes discrimination based on sex in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1984. Yet, despite increased protections for trans workers, subtle forms of discrimination, if not acknowledged by courts or addressed by employers, may erode employment opportunities for trans communities.
What Does Social Equality Require Of Employers? A Response To Professor Bagenstos, Brishen Rogers
What Does Social Equality Require Of Employers? A Response To Professor Bagenstos, Brishen Rogers
Michigan Law Review First Impressions
Individual employment law can appear a bit like tort law did in the late nineteenth century: an "eclectic gallery of wrongs" united largely by the fact that they do not fit into another doctrinal category. The field has emerged interstitially and today includes an array of state and federal common law and statutory claims not covered by labor law or employment discrimination law. These other subfieldshave foundational statutes: the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, respectively. Each was passed in response to a major social conflict, and each defines some …
Designing A Flexible World For The Many: "Essential Functions" And Title I Of The Americans With Disabilities Act, Michael J. Powers
Designing A Flexible World For The Many: "Essential Functions" And Title I Of The Americans With Disabilities Act, Michael J. Powers
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
This Note explores how courts interpret the meaning of “essential functions” under Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act. To be protected under the ADA, a plaintiff must be able to perform the “essential functions” of her job with or without a reasonable accommodation. In general, courts follow one of two approaches when interpreting this phrase. The first approach narrowly focuses on the employer’s judgment regarding which functions are essential. The second approach considers the employer’s judgment, but looks beyond to consider the broader employment relationship. This Note argues that these different approaches have led to varying levels of …
Categorically Black, White, Or Wrong: 'Misperception Discrimination' And The State Of Title Vii Protection, D. Wendy Greene
Categorically Black, White, Or Wrong: 'Misperception Discrimination' And The State Of Title Vii Protection, D. Wendy Greene
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
This Article exposes an inconspicuous, categorically wrong movement within antidiscrimination law. A band of federal courts have denied Title VII protection to individuals who allege “categorical discrimination”: invidious, differential treatment on the basis of race, religion, color, national origin, or sex. Per these courts, a plaintiff who self-identifies as Christian but is misperceived as Muslim cannot assert an actionable claim under Title VII if she suffers an adverse employment action as a result of this misperception and related animus. Though Title VII expressly prohibits discrimination on the basis of religion, courts have held that such a plaintiff’s claim of “misperception …
Class Action Litigation After Dukes: In Search Of A Remedy For Gender Discrimination In Employment, Cindy A. Schipani, Terry Morehead Dworkin
Class Action Litigation After Dukes: In Search Of A Remedy For Gender Discrimination In Employment, Cindy A. Schipani, Terry Morehead Dworkin
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
In this Article we argue for substantial reforms to our system of combating workplace gender discrimination in light of the Supreme Court's ruling in Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes. To help counter discrimination victims' decreasing access to the courts, our proposals call for a narrow construction of the holding of Dukes. At the same time, agencies such as the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP), and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) can better use their regulatory authority to address gender discrimination. Further, regulatory agencies, arbitrators, and courts can mandate mentoring programs to …
Privacy In The Workplace, Mark G. Flaherty
Privacy In The Workplace, Mark G. Flaherty
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary
No abstract provided.
At-Will Employment: An Overview, Theodore J. St. Antoine
At-Will Employment: An Overview, Theodore J. St. Antoine
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary
No abstract provided.
Aids, Employment And The Law, American Bar Association; Aids Coordinating Committee
Aids, Employment And The Law, American Bar Association; Aids Coordinating Committee
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary
No abstract provided.
Should Employers Use Polygraphs To Screen Prospective Employees?, Mark A. Rothstein
Should Employers Use Polygraphs To Screen Prospective Employees?, Mark A. Rothstein
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary
No abstract provided.
Legal Implications Of Substance Abuse Testing In The Workplace, Michael S. Cecere, Phillip B. Rosen
Legal Implications Of Substance Abuse Testing In The Workplace, Michael S. Cecere, Phillip B. Rosen
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary
No abstract provided.
What The Awards Tell Us About Labor Arbitration Of Employment Discrimination Claims, Ariana R. Levinson
What The Awards Tell Us About Labor Arbitration Of Employment Discrimination Claims, Ariana R. Levinson
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
This Article contributes to the debate over mandatory arbitration of employment-discrimination claims in the unionized sector. In light of the proposed prohibition on union waivers in the Arbitration Fairness Act, this debate has significant practical implications. Fundamentally, the Article is about access to justice. It examines 160 labor arbitration opinions and awards in employment-discrimination cases. The author concludes that labor arbitration is a forum in which employment-discrimination claims can be-and, in some cases, are-successfully resolved. Based upon close examination of the opinions and awards, the Article recommends legislative improvements in certain cases targeting statutes of limitations, compulsory process, remedies, class …
Equal Exposure Brews Frustration For Employees: Court Filters Personal Comfort Doctrine Through Workers' Compensation Amendments, Breanna Hance
Equal Exposure Brews Frustration For Employees: Court Filters Personal Comfort Doctrine Through Workers' Compensation Amendments, Breanna Hance
Missouri Law Review
This Note will examine the status of the “arising out of and in the course of employment” requirement after Johme. Part II begins with an analysis of the facts and holding of Johme. Next, Part III synthesizes the background of workers’ compensation laws in Missouri, including the establishment of the workers’ compensation system, the development of the personal comfort doctrine, the 2005 statutory revisions, and two post-2005 cases interpreting the changes. Part IV outlines the court’s rationale in deciding Johme. Finally, Part V discusses the impact of Johme on the “arising out of and in the course of employment” requirement. …
Whose Social Network Account: A Trade Secret Approach To Allocating Rights, Zoe Argento
Whose Social Network Account: A Trade Secret Approach To Allocating Rights, Zoe Argento
Michigan Telecommunications & Technology Law Review
Who has the superior right to a social network account? This is the question in a growing number of disputes between employers and workers over social network accounts. The problem has no clear legal precedent. Although the disputes implicate rights under trademark, copyright, and privacy law, these legal paradigms fail to address the core issue. At base, disputes over social network accounts are disputes over the right to access the people, sometimes numbering in the tens of thousands, who follow an account. This Article evaluates the problem from the perspective of the public interest in social network use, particularly the …