Law Commons^™

Public Financing's Last Breaths, Kellen Clemons

Legislation and Policy Brief

After this peculiar and unique election cycle, the public financing laws will have to be redeveloped in order to have any bearing on future elections. Without some change to the rules, candidates will continue to opt out and use the Internet and grassroots initiatives to out-raise one another, to the possible disadvantage of the goals of the public finance system. In essence, this election cycle has seen politics destroy the current public financing system. Through the advisory opinions of the Federal Election Commission and the decisions of the major candidates to opt out of public financing, the role of the …

The Model Rules Of Professional Conduct And Political Campaign Activities, Lauren Gilius

Legislation and Policy Brief

This article will examine whether the American Bar Association’s (“ABA”) Model Rules of Professional Conduct (“Model Rules”) should apply to lawyers in situations where a lawyer-candidate or a lawyer involved in a disingenuous political campaign activity, particularly when the lawyer was not convicted on criminal charges. Though the American Bar Association said that the Model Rules apply to dishonesty, fraud, deceit or misrepresentation by lawyers, even when acting in a non-professional capacity, the support for applying the Rules in this context is lacking.

This article will first briefly discuss the development of applying the Model Rules to the non-professional conduct, …

Help America Vote Act Enforcement, Tiana Butcher

Legislation and Policy Brief

Although the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA) features extensive mandates, its enforcement provisions of are weaker than those found in previous federal election reform laws, including the Voting Rights Act and the National Voter Registration Act. Activists argue this limited enforcement power is a failing of the Act. Congress may have chosen to adopt weak enforcement mechanisms due to political posturing, lack of funding, faulty technology, or lobbying by the states. Regardless of the reason behind this choice, stronger enforcement mechanisms in HAVA would, paradoxically, fail to encourage election reform or deter election reform altogether.

Administrative Law - Administrative Exhaustion Or Private Rights Of Action: Priorities In Educating Students With Disabilities, Caren Jenkins

Golden Gate University Law Review

In Dreher v. Amphitheater Unified School Dist., the Ninth Circuit held that a school district need neither provide nor bear the cost of providing certain individualized educational services to students with disabilities. A school district must furnish only those services outlined in an individualized education plan (hereinafter "IEP"), developed annually by the local educational agency, for each individual with a disability. Required to supply a free appropriate education by federal law, a school district must offer the special education and related services necessary to meet the unique needs of the individual. However, a school district has no responsibility to render …

Administrative Law - Barlow-Gresham Union High School Dist. No.2 V. Mitchell: Attorneys' Fees Awarded When Settlement Reached Prior To Due Process Hearing, Sara Vukson Winter

Golden Gate University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Administrative Law Summary, John Glenn Karris

Golden Gate University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Adminsitrative Law, Lynne Avakian

Golden Gate University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Administrative Law, Kathleen Eldridge, Herbert F. Miller

Golden Gate University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Administrative Law, Gilbert Gaynor, Susan D. Hainline

Golden Gate University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Citizen Petitioning Of Federal Administrative Agencies - Domestic Infant Formula Misuse: A Case Study, Leslye E. Orlolf

Golden Gate University Law Review

This Comment will demonstrate how to petition federal agencies, how administrative petitioning has been used to resolve women's health care problems and how it may be used to work on other women's health issues. The Petition to Alleviate Domestic Infant Formula Misuse and Provide Informed Infant Feeding Choice will serve as a case study for the petitioning process. Additionally, this Comment will explore the legal remedies petitioners have under the Administrative Procedure Act when federal agencies fail to act on a petition, as well as discuss the extent to which courts will order agencies to act responsibly.

Simplify, Simplify, Simplify-An Analysis Of Two Decades Of Judicial Review In The Veterans' Benefits Adjudication System, Rory E. Riley

West Virginia Law Review

Prior to the Veterans' Judicial Review Act, the Department of Veterans Affairs existed in "splendid isolation," meaning that the Department was insu- lated from judicial review by statute. After the due process revolution of the 1960s and pressure from various veterans' organizations after the Vietnam War, Congress passed the Veterans' Judicial Review Act in 1988. The Act created the U.S. Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims, an Article I court with exclusive jurisdiction over decisions by the Board of Veterans' Appeals. This Article argues that twenty years after the Veterans' Judicial Review Act was imple- mented, the system has become …

Administrative Law, Harry Michael Auerbach

Golden Gate University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Administrative Law, Hal R. Fretwell

Golden Gate University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Administrative Law, Lucy B. Robins

Golden Gate University Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Ninth Circuit's "Clarifications" In Lands Council V. Mcnair: Much Ado About Nothing?, Keith G. Bauerle

Golden Gate University Environmental Law Journal

In this Article, I will first provide some background for the issues treated in the decision, beginning with the NFMA’s and NEPA’s statutory and regulatory requirements and how they were interpreted in the two Ninth Circuit cases that lead to the McNair decision, Lands Council v. Powell and Ecology Center v. Austin. I will then outline the history of the Lands Council v. McNair litigation, and from there discuss the Ninth Circuit’s en banc decision. Placing the decision in the context of the circuit’s NFMA and NEPA jurisprudence, I argue that the decision’s holdings, on their own, do not constitute …

Something To Talk About: Regulation And Justification In Canadian Municipal Law, Hoi Kong

Osgoode Hall Law Journal

Although municipal law is a subset of administrative law, it has not received the same degree of theoretical attention. This article aims to contribute to the theoretical literature on municipal law in Canada by offering a civic republican account of regulation making in municipalities. This article's primary contribution ties in the theoretical claim it advances: that civic republicanism (1) explains Canadian municipal law and (2) provides a standpoint for evaluating existing law and policy. The article's arguments about civic republicanism in the local government context offer a detailed account of an area of law that others have suggested is a …

Vertical Separation Of Telecommunications Networks: Evidence From Five Countries, Robert W. Crandall, Jeffrey A. Eisenach, Robert E. Litan

Federal Communications Law Journal

The widespread adoption of mandatory unbundling in telecommunications markets has led to growing interest in mandatory "functional separation," i.e., separation of upstream network operations from downstream retail operations. Since 2002, vertical separation has been implemented in five OECD countries: Australia, Italy, New Zealand, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. In 2008, the International Telecommunications Union noted "a tremendous amount of interest" in functional separation around the world; and, in April 2009, the European Parliament held its second reading on a new regulatory framework that embraces functional separation as an "exceptional measure." While the U.S. does not currently require unbundling of broadband …

Fcc V. Fox Television Stations And The Fcc's New Fleeting Expletive Policy, Jerome A. Barron

Federal Communications Law Journal

This Article focuses on the Supreme Court's decision in FCC v. Fox Television Stations, Inc., 129 S. Ct. 1800 (2009). In that case, the Supreme Court upheld an important change in the FCC indecency regulation. In the past, the FCC's policy had been that the broadcast of a single expletive did not violate FCC indecency policy. In order for such fleeting expletives to be actionable, the FCC required that they had to be repetitive and gratuitous. But in 2004, in response to the use of some expletives by entertainers during the Golden Globe Awards, the FCC changed its policy and …

Thwack!! Take That, User-Generated Content!: Marvel Enterprises V. Ncsoft, Carl Michael Szabo

Federal Communications Law Journal

Comic-book heroes show us how to be valiant, how to fight for those less fortunate, and, in some circumstances, how to combat those who break the law. Such is the situation in the case of Marvel Enterprises, Inc. v. NCSofl Corp., a battle between user-generated content and the copyright violations that resulted.

While the issue of copyright liability has been seen in hundreds of comments and notes from courts and attorneys alike, the issue of copyright liability on the internet remains an open question that if not addressed, could endanger the protection afforded to authors. Federal and state suits have …

Music As Speech: A First Amendment Category Unto Itself, David Munkittrick

Federal Communications Law Journal

Perhaps the most ubiquitous of art forms, music accompanies daily activities from shopping to jogging. Music permeates modem society, and there is little question it constitutes an integral mode of expression. Despite recognition of music's worth, however, there is little explanation of music in First Amendment jurisprudence. A rationale for First Amendment protection begins with analysis of the particular medium of speech. Through a foray in musical aesthetics and the history of musical censorship, this Note discusses the role of music in political, societal, and individual experience. Music has had an important role in political events, from the fall of …

The Sound Of Money: Securing Copyright, Royalties, And Creative "Progress" In The Digital Music Revolution, Armen Boyajian

Federal Communications Law Journal

Academics and popular critics alike want to distill, reform, or altogether destroy U.S. copyright law as we know it. Much of this stems from animosity toward the old-guard record industry's alleged practices of overcharging consumers, underpaying royalties to artists, and suing teenagers and grandmas. But what those calling for reform all seem to neglect is a tiny but inevitable fact: for the first time in history, composers and recording artists can keep their copyrights.

Tangible media sales are being replaced by P2P file sharing, retail downloads, and streaming Webcasts. Digital technologies and wireless networks have opened prime channels for music …

Derailed By The D.C. Circuit: Getting Network Management Regulation Back On Track, Edward B. Mulligan V

Federal Communications Law Journal

As the Internet continues to play a more central role in the daily lives of Americans, concerns about how Internet service providers manage their networks have arisen. Responding to these concerns and recognizing the importance of maintaining the open and competitive nature of the Internet, the FCC has taken incremental steps to regulate network management practices. Perhaps the most significant of these steps was its August 2008 Memorandum Decision and Order in which the FCC condemned Comcast Corporation's network management practices as "discriminatory and arbitrary." In that Order, the FCC required that Comcast (1) adopt new practices that complied with …

Confession Of Error By Administrative Agencies, Alexander L. Merritt

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

Fcc V. Fox Television Stations And The Role Of Logical Error In Hard Look Review, Samuel G. Brooks

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

"Relative Checks": Towards Optimal Control Of Administrative Power, David S. Rubenstein

William & Mary Law Review

Administrative agencies wield a necessary but dangerous power. Some control of that power is constitutionally required and normatively justified. Yet widely discordant views persist concerning the appropriate means of control. Scholars have proposed competing administrative control models that variably place the judiciary, the President, and Congress at the helm. Although these models offer critical insights into the institutional competencies of the respective branches, they tend to understate the limitations of those branches to check administrative power and ultimately marginalize the public interest costs occasioned by second-guessing administrative choice. The “relative checks” paradigm introduced here seeks to improve upon existing models …

The Social Construction Of Regulation: Lessons From The War Against Command And Control, Timothy F. Malloy

Buffalo Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Broadband Adoption Index: Improving Measurements And Comparisons Of Broadband Deployment And Adoption, T. Randolph Beard, George S. Ford, Lawrence J. Spiwak, Michael Stern

Federal Communications Law Journal

Countries around the world are increasingly concerned as to whether the adoption of broadband technology by their respective citizens is sufficient to support economic growth and social development. Unfortunately, such concerns are often expressed in terms of where a country ranks among its peers by means of raw adoption numbers. Such raw data are often misleading and incomplete. In this Article, we propose a different and more policy-relevant approach to adoption measurement. We develop a value-based Broadband Adoption Index (BAI) that compares the actual value to society that results from the adoption of broadband technology to a target level of …

A "Pay Or Play" Experiment To Improve Children's Educational Television, Lili Levi

Federal Communications Law Journal

This Article addresses both the constitutionality and the efficacy of the FCC's current rules that require broadcasters to air children's educational programming. It argues that, even though the rules would probably pass muster under the First Amendment, they should nevertheless be substantially revised.

Empirical studies show mixed results, with substantial amounts of educationally insufficient programming. This is predictable-attributable to broadcaster incentives, limits on the FCC's enforcement capacities, and audience factors. Instead, the Article advises a turn away from programming mandates. It proposes a "pay or play" approach that allows broadcasters to pay a fee to a fund for high-quality public …

Internet Governance And Democratic Legitimacy, Oliver Sylvain

Federal Communications Law Journal

Even as the Internet goes pop, federal policymakers continue to surrender their statutory obligation to regulate communications in the first instance to extralegal nongovernmental organizations comprised of technical experts. The FCC's adjudication of a dispute concerning a major broadband service provider's network management practices is a case in point. There, in the absence of any enforceable legislative or regulatory rule, the FCC turned principally to the transmission principles of the Internet Engineering Taskforce, the preeminent nongovernmental Internet engineering standard-setting organization. This impulse to defer as a matter of course to such an organization without any legal mechanism requiring as much …

Protecting The Cloak And Dagger With An Illusory Shield: How The Proposed Free Flow Of Information Act Falls Short, Jill Laptosky

Federal Communications Law Journal

Journalists who use secret sources may be presented with a staggering dilemma-disclose the source to comply with a subpoena or go to jail to protect the source. Despite the U.S. Supreme Court's holding in Branzburg v. Hayes (1972), most jurisdictions now recognize that journalists have a privilege not to disclose their confidential sources when compelled to do so by the government. While the degree of the privilege's protection varies across jurisdictions, the fact that such a privilege exists at all may surprise anyone who has read Branzburg, which held that the First Amendment cannot support the existence of the privilege. …