Law Commons^™

Nationwide Preclearance Of Section Five Of The 1965 Voting Rights Act: Implementing The Fifteenth Amendment, Dwight Aarons

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

Preface, Dwight Aarons

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

Exclusive Federal Jurisdiction For Implied Rule 10b-5 Actions: The Emperor Has No Clothes, Margaret V. Sachs

Scholarly Works

Courts have long assumed the existence of exclusive federal jurisdiction over private actions implied from section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and rule 10b-5. The result is not only to restrict forum choice for rule 10b-5 claimants but also to generate a host of questions concerning the extent of federal authority: whether rule 10b-5 actions are exempt from the claim and issue preclusive effects of state court decisions; whether state courts can hear defenses and state-created claims that involve rule 10b-5; and whether federal courts can stay rule 10b-5 actions in deference to state court litigation. In …

The Dialogue Of The Heart And Head, Lynne Henderson

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

Test Defamation In The Workplace: False Positive Results In Detecting Lies, Aids, Or Drug Use, Elaine W. Shoben

Scholarly Works

Workplace tests given to applicants or employees can be divided into two general types: (1) Tests with results that measure ability or performance on a continuous, comparative scale and (2) tests with essentially dichotomous results indicating the truth or falsity of some fact about the worker. Aptitude tests or quantified supervisorial ratings fall into the first category. They have been the subject of substantial litigation brought primarily under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In contrast, the second category of workplace tests has received comparatively little judicial attention. This group includes drug tests, other medical tests such …

Is Disparity A Problem?, Michael Wells

Scholarly Works

Part I describes aspects of the historical and doctrinal background of judicial federalism. Part II examines the Court's treatment of the parity issue and shows how the Court's ambiguity permits both sides of the debate to avoid revealing their true objectives. Part III demonstrates that some, but not all, of the allocation doctrine can be explained in terms of a conflict between the plaintiff's litigating interest and the state's interest in maintaining the integrity of the state judicial process. A significant body of cases, however, does not fall within this framework. In these cases the Court seems to prefer state …

A Lost Episode Of "Meeting Of The Minds": Posner, Kelman, Holmes, And Pascal, Paul J. Heald

Scholarly Works

SCENE ONE: Mr. Allen enters first, carrying a sheaf of photocopied papers, and sits behind the desk. Next enter Mr. [Richard] Posner, Mr. [Blaise] Pascal, Mr. [Oliver Wendell] Holmes, and Mr. [Mark] Kelman all carrying similar papers. Holmes and Posner take seats to Allen's right; Kelman and Pascal seat themselves to Allen's left.

MR. ALLEN: Gentlemen, I would like to thank you for coming. I know that Mr. Pascal has had an especially difficult trip. I myself just flew in from the coast, and boy are my arms tired (polite chuckles from Posner and Kelman).

As you know, we are …

Suggestions For The Limited Acceptance Of Compulsory Jurisdiction Of The International Court Of Justice By The United States, Louis B. Sohn

Scholarly Works

In the last few years quite a few international lawyers have been complaining about the 1985 termination (with effect on April 7, 1986) by the United States of its 1946 declaration accepting the compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice. Little attention has been paid to the fact that during the forty years since the making of this declaration many other states have changed their declarations, often several times, in order to adept them to the Court's jurisprudence and to new circumstances. By 1985, the United States declaration was in fact obsolete, and some of the reservations contained in …

Making Uncle Sam Pay: A Review Of Equal Access To Justice Act Cases In The Sixth-Circuit, 1983-1987, Martin A. Geer, Paul Reingold

Scholarly Works

Traditionally, the “American rule” for the award of attorneys’ fees has provided that parties will bear their own attorney costs absent the exceptional circumstances in which the losing party has acted in bad faith or the litigation has provided a substantial public benefit. For successful parties in litigation against the federal government, the doctrine of sovereign immunity has precluded an award of attorneys’ fees even if the “American rule” exceptions were met. Only the express waiver of immunity will allow a fee award for private parties who prevail against the government in judicial or administrative proceedings. Despite the existence of …

Rationality - And The Irrational Underinclusiveness Of The Civil Rights Laws, Peter Brandon Bayer

Scholarly Works

Congress has enacted a series of civil rights laws designed to protect individuals from public an private forms of irrational discrimination. To be lawful, such civil rights statutes must conform with the definition of rationality required by the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments. Yet, in one fashion, these statutes are as irrational as the behavior they seek to control. The statutes protect only certain classes of individuals in limited instances. This article argues that the existing civil rights laws, although integral to a free society, are but a first step. The statute will never be fully rational, never completely fair, until …

A Distorted Mirror: The Supreme Court's Shimmering View Of Summary Judgment, Directed Verdict, And The Value Of Adjudication, Jeffrey W. Stempel

Scholarly Works

As almost anyone alive during the past decade knows, this is the era of the ‘litigation explosion,’ or there is at least the perception that a litigation explosion exists. Although all agree that the absolute number of lawsuits has increased in virtually every corner of the state and federal court systems, there exists vigorous debate about whether the increase is unusual in relative or historical terms and even more vigorous debate about whether the absolute increase in cases symbolizes the American concern for fairness and justice or represents a surge in frivolous or trivial disputes needlessly clogging the courts. As …

Women In Religious Congregations And Politics, Leslie C. Griffin

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Of The Court And Defense Counsel: The Impact On Competent Representation And Proposals For Reform, Richard Klein

Scholarly Works

This Article examines the impact of the trial court upon the quality of legal assistance provided the indigent criminal defendant. The court, when confronted with public defenders so overburdened with cases that they have not had the time to adequately prepare, all too often exacerbates the situation by refusing to permit counsel additional time for investigation and preparation. The trial judge may be affected by administrative pressures to dispose of cases, move the calendar, and get pleas. The defender's overload is therefore compounded by the court's overload, and the situation results in the sacrifice of the indigent defendant's right to …

Testamentary Substitutes: Retained Interests, Custodial Accounts And Contractual Transactions—A New Approach, Sidney Kwestel, Rena C. Seplowitz

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

Testamentary Substitutes—A Time For Statutory Clarification, Sidney Kwestel, Rena C. Seplowitz

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

Addendum: Civil Rights In Jeopardy, Martin A. Schwartz, Eileen Kaufman

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

A Democratic Response To Foreign Political Offenses: The Need For Legislation To Counter Anti-Terrorism Excesses, Daniel H. Derby

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

Retaliatorily Discharged Employees’ Standing To Sue Under The Antitrust Laws, Gary M. Shaw

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

The Case For A Post-Mortem Organ Draft And A Proposed Model Organ Draft Act, Theodore Silver

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

The Preiser Puzzle: Continued Frustrating Conflict Between The Civil Rights And Habeas Corpus Remedies For State Prisoners, Martin A. Schwartz

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

Introduction: International Criminal Law – Lessons From Teaching Strategies, Daniel H. Derby

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

Legal Malpractice, Professional Discipline, And Representation Of The Indigent Defendant, Richard Klein

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

A New And Old Theory For Adjudicating Standardized Contracts, Eric Mills Holmes, Dagmar Thurmann

Scholarly Works

The purpose of this article is rather simple, extracting a new theory of standard form contracts from the good bits of the spectrum of "old" ideas and combining them with some fresh rethinking. For something fresh, the authors choose to examine the German law on standard form contracts. The authors have tried to remain neutral observers but in extracting the best from the spectrum of ideas one necessarily states--in this instance, one of pragmatic compromise. Thus, this article will cull and identify elements from the spectrum specifically concerning standard form contracts and compare them with the German approach. This process …

Legal Reasoning And The Jurisprudence Of Vertical Restraints: The Limitations Of Neoclassical Economic Analysis In The Resolution Of Antitrust Disputes, John J. Flynn, James F. Ponsoldt

Scholarly Works

Cognizant of historical shifts in the methodology and standards applied in antitrust analysis, particularly in the analysis of vertical restraints, this Article first considers the underlying jurisprudential nature of legal reasoning as background for determining what the law of vertical restraints ought to be. The Article then explores the implications of substitution "economic analysis"--in the narrow sense of the economic analysis advocated by the Chicago School of "law and economics"--for legal reasoning in disputes arising under the antitrust laws. A more accurate, multivalued background for antitrust policy is explored. This Article finally proposes a method for analysis of vertical restraints …

The Evolution Of Law: Continued, Alan Watson

Scholarly Works

In my book The Evolution of Law I sought to give a general theory of legal evolution based on detailed legal examples from which generalizations could be drawn, offering as few examples as were consistent with my case in order to present as clear a picture as possible. I was well aware as I was writing that some critics would regard the examples as mere isolated aberrations and for them and for other readers who, whether convinced of the thesis or not, would like further evidence, I want here to bring forward a few extra significant examples.

Tax Notes Does A Disservice To Florida Services Tax, Walter Hellerstein

Scholarly Works

This is a letter to the editor of Tax Notes regarding the article published by Lee Sheppard in the August 3, 1987 Tax Notes entitled, Beyond Unitary: Florida Services Tax Apportionment. The article written by Ms. Sheppard does not accurately reflect the views of Mr. Hellerstein.

Means, Ends And Original Intent: A Response To Charles Cooper, Michael Wells

Scholarly Works

Charles Cooper believes that the ninth amendment should be read at once more broadly and more narrowly than it is today. In his view, the intent of the Framers was to cabin the power of the federal government. By taking note in the ninth amendment of rights other than those enumerated in the first eight, they sought to ensure that the national government would not exercise powers beyond those listed in the Constitution. Since the aim of the ninth amendment was to keep the federal government one of limited power, it is inappropriate to apply the amendment to the states, …

A Primer On Florida's Sales Tax On Services, Walter Hellerstein

Scholarly Works

This special report is based on the Legal Study of Florida’s Sales Tax on Services prepared by Professor Hellerstein, Prentiss Wilson, Jr., and Morrison & Foerster for the Florida Department of Revenue. This special report deals with the issues arising from Florida’s extension of the sales tax to cover services. The report first discusses the issue of pyramiding of taxes and explores the question of how that issue should be treated in the context of sales services in light of the pre-existing treatment of the issue in the context of sales of tangible personal property. Next, the problem of defining …

Primer On Florida's Sales Tax On Services, Walter Hellerstein

Scholarly Works

This special report describes the basic structure and operation of the Florida sales tax as adopted in its final form by the Florida Legislature on June 6, 1987 in order to clear up confusion about the tax. It begins by addressing the amount of controversy that the recently enacted sales and use tax on services has created and states that much of the controversy is based on confusion over what the law actually says and how it works. Next, the report goes into the operation of the statute and stresses that the tax applies only to services that are consumed …

Transfer -On-Death Securities Registration: A New Title Form, Richard V. Wellman

Scholarly Works

This article is inspired by a new form for registering corporate shares that is now available to certain stockholders of Southwestern Bell Corporation (SBC). Designed to replace stock registrations that make two or more persons appear to be co-owners, the new form, referred to herein as a transfer-on-death (TOD) registration, enables a sole owner to register a designation of a death beneficiary in whose favor a transfer on death of the registered shares may occur outside the probate process. The new registration form extends a key provision of the Uniform Probate Code (U.P.C.) that was designed to encourage development of …