Law Commons^™

Rethinking Self-Regulation: Antitrust Perspectives On Bar Governance Activity, Benjamin H. Barton

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This article discusses the American bar’s unfortunate over-protection against the unauthorized practice of law and the ways that the Supreme Court’s recent ruling in North Carolina Board of Dental Examiners v. Federal Trade Commission suggests that their anticompetitive practices may face new hurdles. The article surveys the background of federal antitrust doctrine and describes the scope and rationale of the Dental Examiner’s ruling. The article then offers some thoughts on the implications of the decision for bar regulatory activities, including a recent example involving the North Carolina bar’s UPL action against LegalZoom. We close with some suggestions about how the …

Neurorhetoric, Race, And The Law: Toxic Neural Pathways And Healing Alternatives, Lucille Jewel

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Neurorhetoric is the study of how rhetoric shapes the human brain. At the forefront of science and communication studies, neurorhetoric challenges many preconceptions about how humans respond to persuasive stimuli. Neurorhetoric can be applied to a multiplicity of relevant legal issues, including the topic of this Maryland Law Review Symposium Issue: race and advocacy. After detailing the neuroscientific and cognitive theories that underlie neurorhetoric, this Essay theorizes ways in which neurorhetoric intersects with the law, advocacy, and race. This Essay explores how toxic racial stereotypes and categories become embedded in the human brain and what can be done about it.

Tracing The Roots Of The Criminalization Of Poverty [Reviews], Wendy A. Bach

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No abstract provided.

Poor Support/Rich Support: (Re)Viewing The American Social Welfare State, Wendy A. Bach

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Since at least the 1970s a variety of scholars have redefined the U.S. social welfare state to include not only traditional benefit programs (for example Food Stamps and social security) but also a variety of tax benefits that are “hidden” or “submerged” forms of “welfare for the wealthy.” Including these benefits in the overall picture of U.S. social welfare provision reveals a system that is both larger in size than popularly believed and that, in addition to providing some support for the poor, distributes significant benefits regressively, to households with substantial wealth. Although a variety of scholars and policy analysts …

Fostering Innovation And Entrepreneurship: Shark Tank Shouldn't Be The Model, Brian Krumm

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For the past half century, innovation has driven the economic growth that has made the American economy the envy of the world. For most of this period, venture capitalists provided not only the capital that new innovative companies needed, but also the management expertise. In the last fifteen years, however, the venture-capital business has changed. Many venture capitalists no longer provide money and mentoring to the proverbial inventor working out of her garage. Instead, they primarily focus their investments on companies that are already established and generating revenue. And even this funding is available only to companies located in a …

The Rule Of Law In The Technological Age Challenges And Opportunities For The Eu Collected Papers, Maurice Stucke

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No abstract provided.

2016-2017 Oxford Business Law Blog Round-Up: Most Read Opinion Pieces, Maurice Stucke

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On 14 March 2017, the Oxford Business Law Blog (OBLB) marked its first anniversary. One year ago, we set out to create a leading and truly international forum for the exchange of ideas and reporting of new developments in business law. Since then, we have published over 530 posts from academics and practitioners from across the world and have reached readers from over 150 countries.

The OBLB is now a firmly entrenched part of the Oxford Law Faculty’s Business Law Hub. The purpose of this collection is to celebrate submissions created especially for publication on the OBLB. As such, this …

The Reintegrative State, Joy Radice

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Public concern has mounted about the essentially permanent stigma created by a criminal record. This is no small problem when the U.S. criminal history database currently stores seventy-seven million criminal records, and poor people and people of color constitute a severely disproportionate number of them. A criminal record makes it harder for people to find housing, get hired, attend college, and reunite with their families. Yet these very things have the greatest chance of helping people lead law-abiding lives and reducing recidivism. Scholars, legislators, and advocates have confronted this problem by arguing for reforms that give people with a conviction …

The Prisonization Of America's Public Schools, Maryam Ahranjani

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No abstract provided.

Title Ix In The Technological Age - Challenging Rape Culture And Myths Through Fairer Use Of Electronic Communications, Drew Simshaw

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No abstract provided.

Charitable Trademarks, Leah Chan Grinvald

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Charity is big business in the United States. In 2015, private individuals or entities donated over $350 billion, which accounted for approximately two percent of the gross domestic product in the United States. Even though this seems like big money, these donations were split among over 1.5 million organizations. And each year, the number of charitable organizations grows and therefore, the competition for public donations increases. In part to succeed in such competition, some charitable organizations have turned to branding and trademarks as a way to differentiate their entities and to encourage donations. Drawing from the for-profit branding and trademarking …

Corporate Masters & Low-Wage Servants: The Social Control Of Workers In Poverty, Nantiya Ruan

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The Article describes and analyzes how the state’s control over low-wage workers has been relegated to private employers. While the state has historically controlled and limited the lives of poor people, today, people in poverty are subjugated through the privatizing of poverty governance by corporate masters who control the lives and shape the behaviors of their low-wage worker servants. The policies of these employers ensures that low-wage work is precarious, unpredictable, and insufficient.

This Article starts an important conversation about how today’s low-wage employers are corporate masters that control their servants through poverty-level pay and precarious positions. Work is scheduled …

The Dark Side Of Self-Regulation, Benjamin P. Edwards

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The financial services industry indirectly regulates itself through little discussed, scandal-prone, and structurally-entrenched self-regulatory organizations. FINRA, the most prominent of these self-regulatory organizations, makes regulations and sets enforcement policy that directly affect public welfare. As with other self-regulatory organizations, FINRA's structure poses a continual risk that industry members will subvert its processes to act like a cartel, promoting industry interests at the expense of the public and contributing to the excessive rents collected by financial intermediaries. Although this dark side to self-regulation poses a constant danger, structural reforms may increase the likelihood that FINRA and other self-regulatory organizations will take …

Redefining Roles And Duties Of The Transactional Lawyer: A Narrative Approach, Lori D. Johnson

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Today’s transactional lawyers perform myriad tasks for their clients, including structuring, drafting, conceptualizing, negotiating, and executing the complex, risky, and often cutting-edge transactions their clients bring to the table. On the other side of that table, often sits another team of sophisticated transactional lawyers. These opposing counsel are armed for battle over every nuance, every word, every representation, every deliverable, and every obligation their client is poised to undertake or agree to. Therefore, modern transactional lawyers must behave as advocates and explore new modes of persuasion. As a response, scholars have begun to propose that transactional lawyers employ methods of …

In Praise Of Margaret Howard, Nancy B. Rapoport

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Professor Nancy Rapoport joins a group of distinguished colleagues in paying tribute to Professor Margaret Howard.

Public Policy And Workers’ Rights: Wrongful Discharge Discipline Actions And Reasonable Good Faith Beliefs, Ann C. Mcginley, Nicole Buonocore Porter

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In this paper, Professor Ann McGinley responds to Chapter 5 of the ALI's Restatement of the Law: Employment Law ("Restatement of Employment Law"), concerning "The Tort of Wrongful Discharge in Violation of Public Policy."' It proceeds in five parts. Following an introduction in Part I, Part II summarizes generally the provisions of Chapter 5, the Working Group's objections to the earlier version and recommendations for changes, and explains (when appropriate) where the final version deviated from the prior version. Part III argues that this chapter should have kept the prior version's protection against wrongful discipline instead of protecting only against …

An Analytic "Gap": The Perils Of Relentless Enforcement Of Payment-By-Underlying-Insurer-Only Language In Excess Insurance Policies, Jeffrey W. Stempel

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Excess liability insurance, as the phrase implies, sits atop primary insurance or a lower layer of excess insurance and is required to cover only claims that are above the policy's "underlying limit" and reach the "attachment point" of the excess policy in question. Historically, the law was largely indifferent to whether the underlying limit was exhausted by full payment from the underlying insurer or by other means such as payment by the policyholder due to an underlying insurer's insolvency or because the policyholder and underlying insurer had compromised a coverage dispute for less than 100 percent coverage by the underlying …

Asymmetry And Adequacy In Discovery Incentives: The Discouraging Implications In Haeger V. Goodyear, Jeffrey W. Stempel

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In this article, Professor Jeffrey Stempel explores the implications the decision in Haeger v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. has for discovery and civil procedure. Professor Stempel argues the troublesome narrative that discovery problems and "abuse" are largely problems of claimants seeking excessive discovery that is unduly burdensome and costly relative to the case at hand is a significant part of the problem. Since the mid-1970s, the prevailing narrative has blamed discovery seekers more than discovery resisters.In that narrative, discovery problems are largely the problems of plaintiffs that are too unrealistic, sloppy, lazy, or greedy in frequently seeking excessive discovery. …

Where's The Power - Defamation And Wrongful Interference In The Restatement Of Employment Law, Ruben J. Garcia

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In this article, Professor Ruben Garcia argues that the Restatement of Employment Law ("REL") misses the opportunity to address power relations between employers and employees as part of the "law as a whole" in the torts of the workplace. He argues that the omission shows the limits of restatements generally. However, there were other roads not taken by the drafters that might have acknowledged these power differentials in the final draft. Professor Garcia also argues that the normative choices that are made by the REL about the doctrine of compelled self-publication are based on questionable footings. "[A]cceptance of the doctrine …

Foreword: The Workplace Law Agenda Of The Obama Administration, Ruben J. Garcia

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Professor Ruben Garcia introduces a Symposium issue of the Employee Rights and Employment Policy Journal focused on an assessment of several key aspects of the workplace law record thus far of President Barack Obama.

Wittgenstein's Poker: Contested Constitutionalism And The Limits Of Public Meaning Originalism, Ian C. Bartrum

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Constitutional originalism is much in the news as our new President fills the Supreme Court vacancy Antonin Scalia's death has created. "Public meaning" originalism is probably the most influential version of originalism in current theoretical circles. This essay argues that, while these "New Originalists" have thoughtfully escaped some of the debilitating criticisms leveled against their predecessors, the result is a profoundly impoverished interpretive methodology that has little to offer most modern constitutional controversies. In particular, the fact that our constitutional practices are contested-that is, we often do not seek semantic or legal agreement-makes particular linguistic indeterminacies highly problematic for approaches …

Shame Agent, Joan W. Howarth

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As a nation, we have recently experienced a significant positive shift in norms against casual campus sexual violence. These changes are perhaps as dramatic as the attitudinal shifts over recent decades regarding drunk driving or cigarette smoking. In a world in which masculinity is too often associated with sexual conquest, and women still suffer under intense and conflicting pressures regarding their sexual behavior, pushing this potential transformation forward is both difficult and necessary. Enforcement of Title IX protections has become a crucial driver of much of this change.

This is an account of some of what I learned as a …

The Case For A Uniform Cut Score, Joan W. Howarth

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To our detriment, attorneys have become accustomed to state-by-state disparities in the cut score for our national, multiple choice licensing test, the Multistate Bar Exam (MBE). MBE cut scores range from 129 in Wisconsin to 145 in Delaware. The states with the most licensed attorneys, New York and California, use MBE cut scores of 133 and 144, respectively, which land on different sides of the national MBE score bell curve bulge. No one pretends that these disparities are justified because practicing law as a new lawyer is more difficult in California than in New York. The MBE cut score is …

The Problem With Aba Standard 405(C), Kathryn M. Stanchi

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This essay takes the position that clinicians and legal writing faculty deserve better than "not too bad." Standard 405(c) needs to be called out for what it is: an institutionalized bar to professional advancement divorced from any reasonable measure of merit.

Introduction To The 2017 Annual Survey Of Consumer Financial Services Law, John L. Ropiequet, Andrew M. Smith, Keith A. Rowley

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No abstract provided.

The Other "Personal Injury": Coverage B Of The Cgl Policy, Jeffrey W. Stempel

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No abstract provided.

The Due Process Bona Fides Of Executive Self-Pardons And Blanket Pardons, Peter Brandon Bayer

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Contrary to much commentary and possibly some seemingly settled law, this essay argues that an American President (or a similarly situated state officer or office) may issue individual and "blanket"-or mass-clemency benefiting classes of named or unnamed individuals, and in addition may pardon himself, but only if doing so comports with the principles of fundamental fairness that define due process of law under the Constitution's Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments. Accordingly, the Constitution permits acts of clemency to foster mercy, compassion, and forgiveness, or to promote the purported best interests of the nation, or even to further an executive's political advantages, …

Deontological Originalism: Moral Truth, Liberty, And, Constitutional Due Process: Part I - Originalism And Deontology, Peter Brandon Bayer

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This article offers what has been needed but lacking in modern legal commentary: thorough, meticulous and timely proof that, pursuant to principles of Originalism, the Constitution - the highest law of the United States - mandates that any governmental act is unconstitutional if it is immoral.

Specifically, this article returns fundamental constitutional jurisprudence to where it rightly was until roughly a century ago; and, where, recently, it has been returning in the form of Supreme Court substantive due process precedents based on human dignity. The overarching concept, which I call Deontological Originalism, asserts that both the Founders of this Nation …

Deontological Originalism: Moral Truth, Liberty, And, Constitutional Due Process: Part Ii - Deontological Constitutionalism And The Ascendency Of Kantian Due Process, Peter Brandon Bayer

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This article offers what has been needed but lacking in modern legal commentary: thorough, meticulous and timely proof that, pursuant to principles of Originalism, the Constitution - the highest law of the United States - mandates that any governmental act is unconstitutional if it is immoral.

Specifically, this article returns fundamental constitutional jurisprudence to where it rightly was until roughly a century ago; and, where, recently, it has been returning in the form of Supreme Court substantive due process precedents based on human dignity. The overarching concept, which I call Deontological Originalism, asserts that both the Founders of this Nation …

Rhetoric & Reality In The Aba Standards, Linda L. Berger

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The rhetoric of Chapters 3 and 4 of the ABA Standards creates, maintains, and perpetuates hierarchies in law school faculties. Those hierarchies subordinate some categories of faculty members and the courses they teach. Without change in the Standards or their implementation, these hierarchies will remain, and the values and norms of traditionally privileged faculty and subject matters will become even more firmly embedded as representing the best of the legal academy. By adopting the 405(c) “best practices” policy statement, individual law schools and law faculties take upon themselves the power to demonstrate that the ABA Standards are the floor, not …