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Full-Text Articles in Law

States Beginning To Recognize That Training Is Essential For Members Of Planning And Zoning Boards And Local Legislative Bodies, Patricia E. Salkin May 2013

States Beginning To Recognize That Training Is Essential For Members Of Planning And Zoning Boards And Local Legislative Bodies, Patricia E. Salkin

Patricia E. Salkin

Members of planning and zoning boards and local legislative bodies constantly make decisions that may be worth millions of dollars to applicants and that may have serious impacts on public health and safety. Unlike other players in the land use decision making process members of local legislative bodies and land use boards have no specific education or training in land use matters prior to their election or appointment putting them in the position to learn solely from “on the job training”. Five (5) states currently require mandatory training and continuing education courses for members of planning boards and zoning boards …


Abandonment, Discontinuance And Amortization Of Nonconforming Uses: Lessons For Drafters Of Zoning Regulations, Patricia E. Salkin May 2013

Abandonment, Discontinuance And Amortization Of Nonconforming Uses: Lessons For Drafters Of Zoning Regulations, Patricia E. Salkin

Patricia E. Salkin

Observing that a disproportionate number of reported cases highlighted inn the Law of the Land blog (www.lawoftheland.wordpress.com) are opinions addressing the subject of nonconforming uses, this column attempts to unravel some of the legal issues that stem from poor drafting of these provisions in zoning regulations, and demonstrates options for practitioners and drafters to better regulate for the eventual disappearance of nonconformities.


Examining Land Use Planning And Zoning Ethics From A Planner’S Perspective: Lessons For All Stakeholders In The Real Estate Game, Patricia E. Salkin May 2013

Examining Land Use Planning And Zoning Ethics From A Planner’S Perspective: Lessons For All Stakeholders In The Real Estate Game, Patricia E. Salkin

Patricia E. Salkin

This article examines the Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct of the American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP). Only two states, Michigan and New Jersey, license planners as a profession. This makes ability for planners to achieve certification from the AICP important and raises the prominence of the AICP Code of Ethics, since as a condition of membership, each AICP member agrees to abide by the Code.


U.S. Supreme Court’S 2004 Term Includes Significant Land Use Decisions With A Trilogy Of Takings Cases, Patricia E. Salkin May 2013

U.S. Supreme Court’S 2004 Term Includes Significant Land Use Decisions With A Trilogy Of Takings Cases, Patricia E. Salkin

Patricia E. Salkin

No abstract provided.


A Companion To Bordering On Madness: An American Land Use Tale, Second Edition: Cases, Scholarship, And Case Studies, Patricia Salkin, Andrew Popper, David Avitabile May 2013

A Companion To Bordering On Madness: An American Land Use Tale, Second Edition: Cases, Scholarship, And Case Studies, Patricia Salkin, Andrew Popper, David Avitabile

Patricia E. Salkin

A Companion to Bordering on Madness: An American Land Use Tale, Second Edition expands the issues raised in the novel using cases, scholarship, and case studies. The text serves as a foundation to understand select doctrine, theory and strategy applicable to conflicts between developers and those who oppose development. Land use is an area in which law and government become personal, direct, immediate, and, quite literally, tangible. Land use cases set the parameters for the structures in which we live, the vistas (or lack thereof) we experience—quite literally, the sights, sounds, and air that surround us. The mission of this …


Ethics In Land Use: Using Ethical Allegations As A Sword Rather Than A Shield, Patricia E. Salkin May 2013

Ethics In Land Use: Using Ethical Allegations As A Sword Rather Than A Shield, Patricia E. Salkin

Patricia E. Salkin

No abstract provided.


Government "Green" Requirements And "Leedigation", Patricia Salkin, Graham Grady, Nicole Mueller, Susan Herendeen May 2013

Government "Green" Requirements And "Leedigation", Patricia Salkin, Graham Grady, Nicole Mueller, Susan Herendeen

Patricia E. Salkin

No abstract provided.


New York Zoning Law And Practice Report, Patricia Salkin May 2013

New York Zoning Law And Practice Report, Patricia Salkin

Patricia E. Salkin

This bimonthly newsletter examines developments in zoning law and practice in New York. Each issue features an article detailing a trend or development in zoning and planning law. The article is often followed by summaries of recent federal or state court decisions relating to zoning or planning law.


The Green Development Movement: Smart Growth With A Green Label, Patricia E. Salkin May 2013

The Green Development Movement: Smart Growth With A Green Label, Patricia E. Salkin

Patricia E. Salkin

No abstract provided.


Where Will The Baby Boomers Go? Planning And Zoning For An Aging Population, Patricia E. Salkin May 2013

Where Will The Baby Boomers Go? Planning And Zoning For An Aging Population, Patricia E. Salkin

Patricia E. Salkin

The article discusses the subject of land use planning and zoning for an aging community.


Regulating Controversial Land Uses, Patricia E. Salkin May 2013

Regulating Controversial Land Uses, Patricia E. Salkin

Patricia E. Salkin

While the definition of what may constitute a controversial land use differs from community to community, the bottom line is that land use controls have been attempting to regulate these uses since the advent of zoning (and through nuisance law before that). When regulating many types of controversial land uses, constitutional issues may come into play and federal and state preemption issues may arise. However, local governments typically have wide discretion in designing standards and regulations for many types of controversial uses. This article explores four typically controversial uses - off-campus fraternity and sorority housing, tattoo parlors, medical marijuana and …


Effective Disaster Mitigation Depends Upon Well-Coordinated Local Land Use Planning And Zoning, Patricia E. Salkin May 2013

Effective Disaster Mitigation Depends Upon Well-Coordinated Local Land Use Planning And Zoning, Patricia E. Salkin

Patricia E. Salkin

No abstract provided.


Sorting Out New York’S Smart Growth Initiatives: More Proposals And More Recommendations, Patricia E. Salkin Jul 2012

Sorting Out New York’S Smart Growth Initiatives: More Proposals And More Recommendations, Patricia E. Salkin

Patricia E. Salkin

No abstract provided.


A Quiet Crisis In America: Meeting The Affordable Housing Needs Of The Invisible Low-Income Healthy Seniors, Patricia E. Salkin Jul 2012

A Quiet Crisis In America: Meeting The Affordable Housing Needs Of The Invisible Low-Income Healthy Seniors, Patricia E. Salkin

Patricia E. Salkin

Part I of this article discusses population statistics in greater detail, exploring available financial demographics of seniors and showing that many seniors are likely to be in need of affordable housing today, and that many more will likely join this group in the future. Part II discusses the role of the federal and state governments in providing affordable senior housing and concludes that these programs have typically failed to yield effective results on a wide enough basis. Part III focuses on the impact that local governments can have immediately in helping to address the affordable senior housing crisis through the …


Squaring The Circle On Sprawl: What More Can We Do?: Progress Towards Sustainable Land Use In The States, Patricia E. Salkin Jul 2012

Squaring The Circle On Sprawl: What More Can We Do?: Progress Towards Sustainable Land Use In The States, Patricia E. Salkin

Patricia E. Salkin

With almost ten years of nationwide dialogue and experimentation with the legal implementation of smart growth concepts at the state and local levels, this paper pauses to consider whether and to what extent success has been realized. The one certainty in this dynamic intersection of land development and conservation is that there is no one best model adaptable to all fifty states. Rather, to accommodate national diversity in local government structure, cultural relationships of people to the land, and differences in geography and a sense of place, the best lesson learned is that advocates and lawmakers alike must shape and …


From Bricks And Mortar To Mega-Bytes And Mega-Pixels: The Changing Landscape Of The Impact Of Technology And Innovation On Urban Development, Patricia E. Salkin Jul 2012

From Bricks And Mortar To Mega-Bytes And Mega-Pixels: The Changing Landscape Of The Impact Of Technology And Innovation On Urban Development, Patricia E. Salkin

Patricia E. Salkin

This article reflects upon the impact that technology and innovation has had on urban development. From NASA's Landstat program, to Google maps and GPS, technology has had a significant impact on urban planning and land use law. The article begins with a discussion of the impact of the elevator and steel technologies on urban architecture and density, and then moves to changes in transportation such as the automobile and the development of public transportation systems. Green buildings, GIS, satellite data, online mapping, personal computers, the Internet and cell phones are all examined.


God And The Land: A Holy War Between Religious Exercise And Community Planning And Development, Patricia E. Salkin, Amy Lavine Jul 2012

God And The Land: A Holy War Between Religious Exercise And Community Planning And Development, Patricia E. Salkin, Amy Lavine

Patricia E. Salkin

This article is a brief introduction to The Albany Government Law Review symposium on God and the Land. This piece sets forth a brief history of the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA) setting the backdrop for the controversy that has surrounded the Act and its impact on religious entities and municipalities. Since the enactment of RLUIPA, the floodgates have burst open with litigation in attempts to clarify many ambiguities in the statute. The remainder of the piece provides a sneak preview of the articles contained in The Albany Government Law Review by Professors Angela Carmella, Marci Hamilton, …


From Euclid To Growing Smart: The Transformation Of The American Local Land Use Ethic Into Local Land Use And Environmental Controls, Patricia E. Salkin Jul 2012

From Euclid To Growing Smart: The Transformation Of The American Local Land Use Ethic Into Local Land Use And Environmental Controls, Patricia E. Salkin

Patricia E. Salkin

No abstract provided.


2009 Ethical Considerations In Land Use, Patricia E. Salkin Jul 2012

2009 Ethical Considerations In Land Use, Patricia E. Salkin

Patricia E. Salkin

This article is one in a series of annual updates on reported cases and opinions in the area of ethics and land use regulation, A number of themes emerged from the round of litigation in the last year. The most surprising discovery was for a second year in a row, the number of reported cases involving allegations of unethical conduct on the part of land use attorneys. This article reviews these cases, as well as cases involving conflicts based on community involvement, familial relationships, employment and financial interests; and cases involving allegations of bias and prejudgment.


Crime Doesn't Pay And Neither Do Conflicts Of Interest In Land Use Decisionmaking, Patricia E. Salkin Jul 2012

Crime Doesn't Pay And Neither Do Conflicts Of Interest In Land Use Decisionmaking, Patricia E. Salkin

Patricia E. Salkin

Conflicts of interest, bias, and appearance of impropriety continue to plague players in the land use game whose conduct, as public sector officials, must be beyond reproach. This article provides an annual review of reported cases and opinions involving allegations of unethical conduct in land use decision making. Conflicts of interest cases focus on attorneys, and address issues including of counsel relationships, disqualification and fees. Conflicts based upon financial interests for board members are explored, as well as unique relationships that may arise when colleges and universities seek approvals. Criminal aspects of decision maker conduct are also reported. Appearance of …


Affordable Housing: Update On Federal And State Activities, Patricia E. Salkin Jul 2012

Affordable Housing: Update On Federal And State Activities, Patricia E. Salkin

Patricia E. Salkin

No abstract provided.


Smart Ethics: Ethical Considerations In Promoting Smart Growth Principles, Patricia E. Salkin Jul 2012

Smart Ethics: Ethical Considerations In Promoting Smart Growth Principles, Patricia E. Salkin

Patricia E. Salkin

No abstract provided.


Integrating Local Waterfront Revitalization Into Local Comprehensive Planning And Zoning, Patricia E. Salkin Jul 2012

Integrating Local Waterfront Revitalization Into Local Comprehensive Planning And Zoning, Patricia E. Salkin

Patricia E. Salkin

By 2004, more than half of the United States population resided within fifty miles of the coastline, contributing to the mounting pressures on waterfront development. Local waterfront revitalization plans have great potential to efficiently guide community and coastal development in a coordinated fashion across municipal boundaries. Coordination includes intermunicipal and intergovernmental cooperation and consistency as well as coordination between planning and land use controls within the coastal zone and within the boundaries of coastal communities. Part I of this article examines the history of the Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA)with a particular examination of the Act's impact on local comprehensive …


New York Climate Change Report Card: Improvement Needed For More Effective Leadership And Overall Coordination With Local Government, Patricia E. Salkin Jul 2012

New York Climate Change Report Card: Improvement Needed For More Effective Leadership And Overall Coordination With Local Government, Patricia E. Salkin

Patricia E. Salkin

New York ranks eight out of the 50 states in terms of carbon emissions. While the State government is just beginning to enact meaningful programs and incentives to encourage municipal policies and actions that will reduce the impact of local decisions on our carbon footprint, a number of local governments across the State have already been at work developing and adopting "greening" strategies, policies and regulations. While the New York State Bar Association has released for comment a report of its Task Force on Global Warming which documents an impressive two-dozen current state-level laws and programs on climate change, the …


The Use Of The Public Trust Doctrine As A Management Tool Over Public And Private Lands, Patricia E. Salkin Jul 2012

The Use Of The Public Trust Doctrine As A Management Tool Over Public And Private Lands, Patricia E. Salkin

Patricia E. Salkin

No abstract provided.


Litigating Ethics Issues In Land Use: 2000 Trends And Decisions, Patricia E. Salkin Jul 2012

Litigating Ethics Issues In Land Use: 2000 Trends And Decisions, Patricia E. Salkin

Patricia E. Salkin

No abstract provided.


Smart Growth At Century’S End: The State Of The States, Patricia E. Salkin Jul 2012

Smart Growth At Century’S End: The State Of The States, Patricia E. Salkin

Patricia E. Salkin

No abstract provided.


Practically Grounded: Convergence Of Land Use Law Pedagogy And Best Practices, Patricia E. Salkin, John R. Nolan Jul 2012

Practically Grounded: Convergence Of Land Use Law Pedagogy And Best Practices, Patricia E. Salkin, John R. Nolan

Patricia E. Salkin

The changing dynamics in the field of land use and sustainable community development law demand that land use law professors rethink the way in which we prepare law students to practice law in this area. This needed paradigm shift converges with the growing momentum of the best practices movement which urges law schools to dramatically revise the curricular approach to legal education, arguing that traditional models are no longer effectively serving the goal of producing competent and fully prepared new lawyers. A perfect storm is present and a unique opportunity exists through the application of many “best practices” concepts for …


The Fair Housing Act, Zoning, And Affordable Housing, Patricia E. Salkin, John M. Armentano Jul 2012

The Fair Housing Act, Zoning, And Affordable Housing, Patricia E. Salkin, John M. Armentano

Patricia E. Salkin

No abstract provided.


Eliminating Political Maneuvering: A Light In The Tunnel For The Government Attorney-Client Privilege, Patricia E. Salkin, Allyson Phillips Jul 2012

Eliminating Political Maneuvering: A Light In The Tunnel For The Government Attorney-Client Privilege, Patricia E. Salkin, Allyson Phillips

Patricia E. Salkin

The long recognized common-law privilege afforded to certain conversations between attorneys and their clients has been the subject of troubling opinions when the lawyer and client are high ranking government officials. In a series of opinions from the 7th, 8th and D.C. Circuit Courts of Appeals, the courts refused to recognize the existence of the attorney-client privilege for the government actors under the circumstances surrounding the cases. However, recent opinions from the 2nd Circuit state that these other courts were simply wrong, setting the stage perhaps, for the U.S. Supreme Court to resolve the issue. Whether this privilege is equally …