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Articles 931 - 960 of 3741
Full-Text Articles in Law
Resurrecting Missouri V. Holland, Peter J. Spiro
Resurrecting Missouri V. Holland, Peter J. Spiro
Missouri Law Review
This brief essay sketches the constitutional dormancy of Missouri v. Holland and the potential for its activation. The essay first describes how the treatymakers declined the Treaty Power offered them by the Court. In the near century since the ruling, no treaty appears to have depended on the decision for authority. The treatymakers have worked from contrary constitutional premises, establishing a sort of parallel constitutional universe in which the ruling was never handed down. Through these years, Missouri v. Holland has failed accurately to represent prevailing constitutional norms on the question. In other words, arguably, the decision is no longer …
Internationalism Of American Federalism: Missouri And Holland, The, Judith Resnik
Internationalism Of American Federalism: Missouri And Holland, The, Judith Resnik
Missouri Law Review
This Earl F. Nelson Lecture, given at the University of Missouri School of Law's Symposium, Return to Missouri v. Holland: Federalism and International Law, developed from and overlaps with a series of articles including Ratifying Kyoto at the Local Level: Sovereigntism, Federalism, and Translocal Organizations of Government Actors (TOGAs), 50 ARIZ. L. REV. 709 (2008) (with Joshua Civin and Joseph Frueh); Lessons in Federalism from the 1960s Class Action Rule and the 2005 Class Action Fairness Act: "The Political Safeguards'" ofAggregate Translocal Actions, 156 U. PA. L. REv. 1929 (2008); Law as Affiliation: "Foreign " Law, Democratic Federalism, and the …
Split On Sanctioning Pro Se Litigants Under 28 U.S.C. 1927: Choose Wisely When Picking A Side, Eighth Circuit, The, Kelsey Whitt
Split On Sanctioning Pro Se Litigants Under 28 U.S.C. 1927: Choose Wisely When Picking A Side, Eighth Circuit, The, Kelsey Whitt
Missouri Law Review
In recent years, an increasing number of pro sel litigants have appeared in federal courts. Between October 2003 and September 2004, federal district courts had over 20,000 cases filed by pro se litigants. In fact, "pro se litigants appeared in thirty-seven percent of all cases.' The increase of pro se litigation is attributed to several factors, including the rising cost of litigation combined with the decrease of funding for legal services, the negative public perception of lawyers, and the rise of do-it-yourself legal resources. Once pro se litigants enter the federal court system, their presence multiplies the resources spent by …
Federalism And International Law Through The Lens Of Legal Pluralism, Paul Schiff Berman
Federalism And International Law Through The Lens Of Legal Pluralism, Paul Schiff Berman
Missouri Law Review
In this brief Essay, then, I wish to engage in a thought experiment by looking at both federalism and international law through a pluralist rather than a sovereigntist lens. First, I summarize the pluralist literature and some of its core insights and suggest that scholars interested in international law (and its relationship with domestic law) would do well to consider this literature. Second, I provide a few examples of jurisdictional redundancy operating in the transnational, international, and federalist realm and show how the existence of multiple fora can both empower voices that might otherwise be silenced and effect changes of …
Tiebout Goes Global: International Migration As A Tool For Voting With Your Feet, Ilya Somin
Tiebout Goes Global: International Migration As A Tool For Voting With Your Feet, Ilya Somin
Missouri Law Review
In this article, I make a tentative effort to plug this hole in the literature. I suggest that the benefits of international foot voting may well be much larger than those of free movement within national borders. Part II briefly summarizes the theory of foot voting and its potential benefits. I focus particularly on the use of exit rights as a form of political participation by which migrants can more effectively choose the public policies under which they live. Crucial benefits of political participation through exit rights include the matching of public policy to diverse preferences, the creation of an …
First Amendment And Specialty License Plates: The Choose Life Controversy, The, Stephanie S. Bell
First Amendment And Specialty License Plates: The Choose Life Controversy, The, Stephanie S. Bell
Missouri Law Review
This summary will examine the models of specialty license plate creation, the history of "Choose Life" specialty license plates, the litigation surrounding the controversy, and the two differing standards courts have used to distinguish government and private speech: the Fourth Circuit's four-factor test and the Johanns test.
Foreign Affairs, International Law, And The New Federalism: Lessons From Coordination, Robert B. Ahdieh
Foreign Affairs, International Law, And The New Federalism: Lessons From Coordination, Robert B. Ahdieh
Missouri Law Review
Even after the departure of two of its most prominent advocates - Chief Justice William Rehnquist and Justice Sandra Day O'Connor - the federalism revolution initiated by the Supreme Court almost twenty years ago continues its onward advance. If recent court decisions and congressional legislation are any indication, in fact, it may have reached a new beachhead in the realm of foreign affairs and international law. The emerging federalism in foreign affairs and international law is of a distinct form, however, with distinct implications for the relationship of sub-national, national, and international institutions and interests. This article draws on the …
Cumulative Subject Index For Volumes 72-73
Cumulative Subject Index For Volumes 72-73
Missouri Law Review
Cumulative Subject Index for Volumes 72-73
Cotenants Trumping Cotenants: The Eighth Circuit Takes A Diverse Stance On Cotenants' Authority Under The Fourth Amendment, Benjamin M. Johnston
Cotenants Trumping Cotenants: The Eighth Circuit Takes A Diverse Stance On Cotenants' Authority Under The Fourth Amendment, Benjamin M. Johnston
Missouri Law Review
Reluctantly, John Adams mailed the envelope addressed to his wife, Abigail, knowing the contents could bring about his death. This letter, mailed to his "dear friend," contained a description of his pleas for independence to the Continental Congress, a description that if located by the British, would most certainly subject him to charges of treason. Immediately after Mr. Adams dispatched his letter, he was approached by a British intelligence officer requesting to review the letter. Mr. Adams denied the officer's request and sent him on his way. Later, when the letter arrived to the unsuspecting Abigail, it was accompanied by …
Bundled Discounts: The Ninth Circuit And The Third Circuit Are On Separate Lepage's , Blake I. Markus
Bundled Discounts: The Ninth Circuit And The Third Circuit Are On Separate Lepage's , Blake I. Markus
Missouri Law Review
Most courts and commentators agree that the ultimate goal of antitrust is efficiency. Accordingly, an antitrust aim is to guarantee competitive markets, which both increases output and lowers prices to the benefit of consumers. Bundled discounts, packages of goods put together by a seller that are sold at a lower price than if each good were purchased separately, may provide a means of enhancing competition. Such bundles are prevalent in nearly every market including fast food value meals, season tickets to sporting events, and buy one, get one half-price schemes. Sellers provide bundled discounts for a variety of reasons including …
Mistake And Disclosure In A Model Of Two-Sided Informational Inputs, Michael J. Borden
Mistake And Disclosure In A Model Of Two-Sided Informational Inputs, Michael J. Borden
Missouri Law Review
This paper will examine some theoretical aspects of contractual non-disclosure and the related doctrine of unilateral mistake. These two legal rubrics are conceptually similar; each is concerned with the degree to which parties must communicate their understandings about the nature of the contract into which they are about to enter. If one party fails to reveal enough information, the other party may enter into the agreement under a misunderstanding and consequently may attempt to avoid contractual liability on the basis of mistake or on a theory of nondisclosure. The law of contracts clearly attaches a great deal of importance to …
Copycats, Relax - The Federal Circuit Lightens Up On Willful Patent Infringement, Sarah J. Garber
Copycats, Relax - The Federal Circuit Lightens Up On Willful Patent Infringement, Sarah J. Garber
Missouri Law Review
"Willful" infringement is alleged in over 90% of patent cases. This is primarily because, under the Patent Act and Federal Circuit case law, a finding of willful infringement gives trial judges the discretion to award treble damages and attorney's fees to the patentee. Given that patent infringement actions can carry litigation fees of two million dollars or more, an award of punitive damages is a serious threat to accused infringers. A common and powerful defense to a willful infringement allegation is reasonable reliance on an opinion of counsel. Using this defense, the accused infringer can prove he acted in good …
Financing Long-Term Care In Missouri: Limits And Changes In The Wake Of The Deficit Reduction Act Of 2005, Julia M. Hargraves
Financing Long-Term Care In Missouri: Limits And Changes In The Wake Of The Deficit Reduction Act Of 2005, Julia M. Hargraves
Missouri Law Review
The expense of long-term care, intensified by an aging population, has contributed to a nationwide financial strain on the Medicaid program, complicating the already difficult tasks of medical and fiscal planning for the elderly. Missouri's elderly population is substantial, the state having ranked 14d' in the country for the number of residents over age 65 in 2000. These senior citizens face the prospect of paying for long-term care, and many of them will rely on Medicaid for all or part of the cost. Medicaid is the primary taxpayer-funded program that finances long-term care. Current projections suggest that the cost of …
Conforming Doctrine To Practice: Making For Collateral Consequences In The Missouri Mootness Analysis, Zachary C. Howenstine
Conforming Doctrine To Practice: Making For Collateral Consequences In The Missouri Mootness Analysis, Zachary C. Howenstine
Missouri Law Review
As the collateral consequences of court judgments gain increased recognition, courts in many states have modified traditional doctrinal approaches to mootness in order to give due regard to these repercussions. Missouri has not formally joined these states, yet a survey of recent mootness analyses within the state indicates that courts are seeking to allow for consideration of such consequences in spite of the doctrinal constraints. This tension has been most evident in appellate review of expired orders of protection for domestic violence, and the result has been vast inconsistency both in how courts approach the issue and how it is …
Ethical Exploitation Of The Unrepresented Consumer, The, Victoria J. Haneman
Ethical Exploitation Of The Unrepresented Consumer, The, Victoria J. Haneman
Missouri Law Review
This article begins in Section I with a brief overview of the debt industry. Section II describes the circumstances of an unrepresented defendant in the adversarial system of justice. The conventional codes of professional responsibility are weighed against a broader framework of normative ethics in Section III. Section IV illustrates how the particulars of the debt-buying setting are emblematic of broader issues. Two solutions are then discussed in Section V: One broadly targets the failure of attorneys' ethical codes to account for the collapse of the adversarial myth in cases involving unrepresented litigants; the other is a more tailored solution …
Tesla, Marconi, And The Great Radio Controversy: Awarding Patent Damages Without Chilling A Defendant's Incentive To Innovate, Christopher A. Harkins
Tesla, Marconi, And The Great Radio Controversy: Awarding Patent Damages Without Chilling A Defendant's Incentive To Innovate, Christopher A. Harkins
Missouri Law Review
The true life story of Nikola Tesla reads like a fiction novel worthy of Hollywood in a tale of the great radio controversy. Who did invent radio? Marconi is often credited with the invention, while a discouraged Tesla mostly watched from the sidelines - his contributions and further innovations to radio being silenced during the height of radio's most rapid growth. While Tesla's bizarre personal life may read like a novel by Jules Verne and F. Scott Fitzgerald, this much can be learned from the facts and folklore of the radio controversy: simultaneous discovery and independent development ought to mitigate …
Is It Hot In Here - The Eighth Circuit's Reduction Of Fourth Amendment Protections In The Home, William E. Marcantel
Is It Hot In Here - The Eighth Circuit's Reduction Of Fourth Amendment Protections In The Home, William E. Marcantel
Missouri Law Review
Several years ago, the United States military developed thermal imaging technology for targeting and reconnaissance purposes which law enforcement agencies subsequently adopted as a means of conducting surveillance in support of counter-narcotics efforts. Police use thermal imaging devices in counter-narcotics operations by scanning buildings and homes in order to determine higher heat emissions from buildings. These higher than normal thermal readings of homes act as indicators of possible marijuana grow operations due to the high output of heat from the indoor lamps commonly used for such activities. Even though a majority of jurisdictions have held that a thermal imaging scan …
Crawford Confusion Marches On: The Confrontation Clause And Hearsay Laboratory Drug Reports, David A. Doellman
Crawford Confusion Marches On: The Confrontation Clause And Hearsay Laboratory Drug Reports, David A. Doellman
Missouri Law Review
Rapid advances in science and technology have influenced criminal prosecutions as police often utilize advanced technology to obtain evidence that is integral to the prosecution's case against a criminal defendant. Such practices are especially common in cases involving illegal drugs, in which slight variations in the precise measurements of such substances could add or subtract from the lengths of sentences. Often, prosecutors offer this crucial evidence in court through a laboratory report documenting the exact results of the tests performed on the alleged illegal substances. The admission of these lab reports seemingly complies with the rules of evidence of most …
Medical Monitoring: Missouri's Welcomed Acceptance, Anita J. Patel
Medical Monitoring: Missouri's Welcomed Acceptance, Anita J. Patel
Missouri Law Review
One of the fundamental principles of tort law is that a plaintiff cannot recover without a present physical injury. As society evolved and latent injuries became more prevalent, tort law failed to provide relief because of its present injury requirement. The consequence of this gap in recovery meant that plaintiffs who were exposed to toxic chemicals but could not afford to undergo periodic testing to detect latent injuries would have to wait until the injury manifested itself in order for plaintiffs to bring claims for recovery. Unfortunately, this passage of time can have detrimental effects on the plaintiff and result …
Foreword: David Fischer, The Fox(A), David F. Partlett
Foreword: David Fischer, The Fox(A), David F. Partlett
Missouri Law Review
It is my great pleasure to pen a few words in honor of my friend and fellow laborer in the torts vineyard, Professor David Fischer. Professor Fischer has been an intellectual force in the modem development of tort law. He has made us think hard about the implications of tort rules. He is in the intellectual tradition of a splitter, and not a lumper, in his scholarship., Most of scholarship in modem tort law falls into the "lumper" camp. It is scholarship that looks at tort rules as encapsulating wider models that serve certain instrumental ends, or as part of …
Less Is More: Decluttering The State Action Doctrine, Julie K. Brown
Less Is More: Decluttering The State Action Doctrine, Julie K. Brown
Missouri Law Review
The focus of this law summary is the tenuous distinction between state and private actors, examining both the various state action determinative tests proffered by the United States Supreme Court as well as the circuit courts' application of these tests. Although the Supreme Court has dealt extensively with the issue of state action, and circuit courts have faithfully applied the highest court's tests, problems remain. Many of the Supreme Court's tests are very narrow, proffered in response to carefully defined factual situations. Therefore, whether explicitly in the opinion or a result of later interpretation, most of these tests can only …
Choosing What We Mean By Causation In The Law, Jane Stapleton
Choosing What We Mean By Causation In The Law, Jane Stapleton
Missouri Law Review
In a radical new account of "causation" in the Law, I argue that "causation" is a term we use to express diverse information about the world. Clarity is promoted if we use the term "causation" to refer to the information yielded by only one type of inquiry. Lawyers have used the term to refer to more than one type of enquiry, and philosophers often do not specify an inquiry. The most useful inquiry for legal purposes is one that compares the actual world of a particular phenomenon with a hypothetical world and thereby determines, in the context of that comparison, …
Pragmatism Over Politics: Recent Trends In Lower Court Employment Discrimination Jurisprudence, Lee Reeves
Pragmatism Over Politics: Recent Trends In Lower Court Employment Discrimination Jurisprudence, Lee Reeves
Missouri Law Review
This Article has five parts. After considering empirical evidence, Part I concludes that judges' political ideology plays only a limited role in their decisionmaking. Part II identifies the increase in case filings over the last two decades as a likely non-ideological cause of the increased judicial skepticism towards claims of employment discrimination. This Part begins by examining aggregate trends in the district and appellate caseload and then translates caseload into the more meaningful metric of workload. Part II next evaluates various steps courts have taken to handle these workload increases. Finally, Part II concludes with a discussion of why employment …
Resuscitating Hospital Enterprise Liability, Philip G. Peters Jr.
Resuscitating Hospital Enterprise Liability, Philip G. Peters Jr.
Missouri Law Review
Part I of this Article explains why existing malpractice law has failed to make patients safer. Part II then reviews the history of proposals for enterprise liability and the reasons those proposals were not adopted. Part III outlines my contention that hospital enterprise liability would revive the deterrent power of medical malpractice law. It also defends my claim that enterprise liability would align tort law with efforts of modem patient safety experts to reduce errors by focusing on system-wide improvement, rather than individual blame. Finally, it explains how this reform would advance the recommendations of health reformers who want to …
Design Defects, David G. Owen
Design Defects, David G. Owen
Missouri Law Review
This Article examines the tests of design defectiveness developed by the courts, particularly in applying the doctrine of Restatement (Second) of Torts § 402A. The Third Restatement's definition of design defectiveness is examined in Part VIII.
Insubstantiality Of The Substantial Factor Test For Causation, The, Joseph Sanders, Miachal D. Green
Insubstantiality Of The Substantial Factor Test For Causation, The, Joseph Sanders, Miachal D. Green
Missouri Law Review
Because David's focus in his scholarly work has been on factual causation, and because he has contributed so much to our understanding of that subject in the Third Restatement, we have chosen a topic in that area for this essay. The essay addresses factual cause in toxic substances cases where the evidence of exposure is meager. 7 We're not sure that David will agree with all of what we say, but we hope that he will be honored by our choice of topic.
Discrimination After Daugherty: Are Missouri Courts Contributing To Or Motivated By The Number Of Cases On The Discrimination Docket, Amanda Stogsdill
Discrimination After Daugherty: Are Missouri Courts Contributing To Or Motivated By The Number Of Cases On The Discrimination Docket, Amanda Stogsdill
Missouri Law Review
For more than twenty years, Missouri courts have applied the federal McDonnell Douglas burden-shifting analysis to determine the outcome of a defendant's motion for summary judgment in claims of employment discrimination. However, the Missouri Supreme Court recently abandoned the McDonnell Douglas framework in favor of a new method of analysis derived from a Missouri Approved Jury Instruction. This new analysis has become known as the "contributing factor" test. In the months since Daugherty, controversy has surrounded this standard. Many defense attorneys claim that the "contributing factor" test significantly lowers the bar that a discrimination plaintiff must meet in order to …
Punitive Damages And Due Process: Trying To Keep Up With The United States Supreme Court After Philip Morris Usa V. Williams , Tyler C. Schaeffer
Punitive Damages And Due Process: Trying To Keep Up With The United States Supreme Court After Philip Morris Usa V. Williams , Tyler C. Schaeffer
Missouri Law Review
Throughout the past two decades, the United States Supreme Court has gradually formed several procedural and substantive protections under the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause limiting the size of punitive damages a State can award against civil defendants. The Court has made it clear that the catalyst for the recent constitutional doctrine stems from its concern towards punitive damages that "run wild." What has not been as clear is what prior constitutional authority the Court has drawn from when creating these new rules. Consequently, state courts, left with little guidance, have struggled with applying as well as predicting the evolving …