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Articles 691 - 720 of 3741
Full-Text Articles in Law
Bargaining With Bite: Missouri High Court's Constitutional Holdings Alter Public Sector Labor Law, Peter W. Bay
Bargaining With Bite: Missouri High Court's Constitutional Holdings Alter Public Sector Labor Law, Peter W. Bay
Missouri Law Review
Collective bargaining – negotiations over working conditions between an employer and representatives of their employees – appeared as early as 1891 as labor unions arose in response to the Industrial Revolution. Collective bargaining in private industry was recognized in 1935 by the National Labor Relations Act but was considered prohibited in the public sector. In 1945, the state of Missouri ratified its constitution, which included article 1, section 29, a provision protecting employee collective bargaining rights. That provision, however, was quickly interpreted by courts as applying only to private employees, and thus, public employees had little power to negotiate employment …
Userra Oxymoron: Termination As A Valid Reemployment Position, The, Breanna Hance
Userra Oxymoron: Termination As A Valid Reemployment Position, The, Breanna Hance
Missouri Law Review
This Note assesses Milhauser’s impact on reemployment claims under USERRA. Part II begins with an analysis of the facts and holding of the case. Next, Part III synthesizes the background of USERRA, provides an overview of the statute, and introduces the escalator principle. Part IV outlines the court’s rationale in deciding Milhauser. Finally, Part V discusses the impact of Milhauser on USERRA reemployment claims. This Note argues that: (1) the court’s reliance on USERRA regulation § 1002.194 was misplaced because the court’s interpretation presents a conflict between two sections of the statute and creates burden of proof issues; (2) the …
Miller V. Alabama: What It Is, What It May Be, And What It Is Not, Nancy Gertner
Miller V. Alabama: What It Is, What It May Be, And What It Is Not, Nancy Gertner
Missouri Law Review
In Miller v. Alabama, the Supreme Court of the United States, in a five to four opinion written by Justice Elena Kagan, held that mandatory life imprisonment without parole for defendants convicted of murder who were under age eighteen at the time of their crimes violated the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The decision raises a host of important questions that the University of Missouri School of Law’s recent symposium ably addressed. Is Miller a watershed opinion, prefiguring a new era of substantive Eighth Amendment jurisprudence that would apply to other imprisonment sentences across offender and offense categories? …
Other Missouri Model: Systemic Juvenile Injustice In The Show-Me State, The, Mae C. Quinn
Other Missouri Model: Systemic Juvenile Injustice In The Show-Me State, The, Mae C. Quinn
Missouri Law Review
Part II of this Article examines some of the most well-known claims about the Missouri Model of juvenile justice, clarifying that the positive press to date actually describes only one small component of the larger juvenile justice structure: Missouri’s system of residential correction for state-placed adjudicated youth. And while that system has much to admire and replicate, it also has room for improvement In Part III, this Article fills in what has been left out of most public and press stories about Missouri’s larger youth justice system. That is, despite mostly glowing media accounts, Missouri’s at-risk youth are poorly served …
Symposium: Bombshell Or Babystep - The Ramifications Of Miller V. Alabama For Sentencing Law And Juvenile Crime Policy: Symposium Foreword, Paul J. Litton
Symposium: Bombshell Or Babystep - The Ramifications Of Miller V. Alabama For Sentencing Law And Juvenile Crime Policy: Symposium Foreword, Paul J. Litton
Missouri Law Review
Part II of this Foreword briefly addresses one open constitutional question in the wake of Miller: in light of its rationale, is juvenile LWOP – whether mandatory or the result of an individualized sentencing process – constitutionally permissible? I argue that the Miller opinion itself is incoherent insofar as it permits juvenile LWOP as a constitutionally viable sentence. Part III provides a short synopsis of the controversy among Justices regarding the proper methodology for Eighth Amendment proportionality analyses. Then, with particular attention to the authors’ different takes on Miller’s implications for methodology, Part III provides a guide to the symposium …
We The People: A Needed Reform Of State Initiative And Referendum Procedures, Nicholas R. Theodore
We The People: A Needed Reform Of State Initiative And Referendum Procedures, Nicholas R. Theodore
Missouri Law Review
Part II of this Comment begins by detailing the history of the ballot initiative and referendum in the United States. Part III next details the different types of initiatives and referenda commonly used in the United States. Part IV discusses the merits of the ballot initiative, discussing both benefits and disadvantages. Part V gives an overview of various state approaches to initiative procedures. Part VI introduces some of the various procedural shortfalls in the initiative process. Part VII discusses Missouri common law and how the courts have helped shape Missouri’s law in the initiative process. Part VIII examines Brown v. …
Raised Eyebrow Test Produces Further Head-Scratching: Punitive Damages In Ondrisek V. Hoffman, The, Valerie Shands
Raised Eyebrow Test Produces Further Head-Scratching: Punitive Damages In Ondrisek V. Hoffman, The, Valerie Shands
Missouri Law Review
Ondrisek reveals that although the Eighth Circuit uses the same test as the Supreme Court, it certainly applies it differently. When comparing Ondrisek and other Eighth Circuit cases, one sees a subtle pattern that diverges from the Supreme Court’s jurisprudence. However, these differences are not yet distinct enough for the Supreme Court to have granted certiorari to resolve the inconsistencies.
Exclusively Confusing: Who Has Jurisdiction To Determine Jurisdiction Under The Missouri Workers' Compensation Law, N. Drew Kemp
Exclusively Confusing: Who Has Jurisdiction To Determine Jurisdiction Under The Missouri Workers' Compensation Law, N. Drew Kemp
Missouri Law Review
In 2011, the Eastern District of the Missouri Court of Appeals summarized and clarified the issue of which court has jurisdiction to determine jurisdiction. After Cooper v. Chrysler Group, LLC, it is clear that a Missouri circuit court must yield to the Commission when the jurisdiction-determining issue is one of fact. However, a circuit court can nevertheless review jurisdictional issues of law. An important question remains, however: will a circuit court distinguish between issues of fact and issues of law if an affirmative defense is not timely raised by the employer?
Rethinking The Law Firm Organizational Form And Capitalization Structure , Edward S. Adams
Rethinking The Law Firm Organizational Form And Capitalization Structure , Edward S. Adams
Missouri Law Review
The goal of this Article is to examine the partnership model and advocate for a change in the Model Rules that would allow for public ownership of law firms, and to make disclosure of firm financials a mandatory requirement for all firms with over 100 lawyers. Part II explores the history and evolution of limited liability and law firm structures in the United States. Part III discusses incorporated law firms and MDPs and how they might benefit U.S. law firms. Part IV looks at the developments in the United Kingdom and Australia and the forces of globalization that have an …
Deciding Where To Draw The Line: Compactness As A Protection Against Gerrymandering In Missouri Redistricting, Stephanie Bradshaw
Deciding Where To Draw The Line: Compactness As A Protection Against Gerrymandering In Missouri Redistricting, Stephanie Bradshaw
Missouri Law Review
Every ten years, the release of the U.S. Census triggers a tidal wave of political ramifications that ripple from coast to coast. The census reflects the fluctuation in population among the states, necessitating a shuffling of, among other things, state legislative and congressional districts. States are awarded Congressional representatives based on their populations: the greater the population, the greater the representation. While some states gain representatives and others lose them, the outcome is the same: districts must be redrawn. In what has been likened to a “periodic comet,” challenges by citizens to this redistricting frequently arise. Behind this litigation is …
Recoupment And Bankruptcy: How To Effectuate Bankruptcy Policy Through The Same Transaction Test , Jacob Thessen
Recoupment And Bankruptcy: How To Effectuate Bankruptcy Policy Through The Same Transaction Test , Jacob Thessen
Missouri Law Review
This Note will explore the interaction between recoupment and bankruptcy by focusing on the Eighth Circuit’s decision in In re Terry. Terry is significant because the Eighth Circuit allowed an insurance company to recoup pre-petition overpayments from the bankrupt debtor’s post-petition benefits. In doing so, the Eighth Circuit refused to acknowledge a separate balancing of the equities test, independent from the traditional same transaction requirement, when determining a creditor’s recoupment defense. This discussion will center on recoupment’s “same transaction” test and why it can be utilized to achieve sound bankruptcy policy by denying recoupment claims. It is this Note’s contention …
Decoupling Federal Offense Guidelines From Statutory Limits On Sentencing , Kevin Bernardo
Decoupling Federal Offense Guidelines From Statutory Limits On Sentencing , Kevin Bernardo
Missouri Law Review
This Article discusses the sensibility of each of these three options. Part II sets forth a hypothetical controlled substance offense to better illustrate the choices faced by the Commission. Part III recounts approaches that the Commission has actually adopted in incorporating statutory limits into the Guidelines. Part IV addresses the goals of guideline sentencing and concludes that the Guidelines’ structure should be primarily driven by actual fairness concerns. Applying actual fairness as the overriding concern, Part V concludes that statutory limits should not be incorporated into an offense guideline when some offenders subject to the guideline will not be subject …
Mental States And Misconduct: The Supreme Court Of Missouri Interprets An Important Disqualification From Unemployment Benefits, Brian Stair
Missouri Law Review
Fendler v. Hudson Services features the Supreme Court of Missouri’s first thorough discussion of section 288.030.1(23) and the Court’s decision illustrates a development in Missouri appellate court interpretation of the statute’s definition of “misconduct.” This Note describes that definitional development and addresses its potential effect on future disputes in which employers are seeking to prove that an employee’s behavior constituted misconduct. Specifically, this Note focuses on how the Supreme Court of Missouri, by refusing to require a showing of “willfulness” to prove “misconduct,” has further complicated the use of mental states in “misconduct” analysis and potentially broadened the scope of …
Bankrupting The Faith , Pamela Foohey
Bankrupting The Faith , Pamela Foohey
Missouri Law Review
This Article examines the institutions’ characteristics, reasons for filing, and case outcomes to investigate what benefits Chapter 11 brings to the organizations and whether bankruptcy is an effective solution to their financial problems. Based on the successful reorganizations and continued operations of some of the debtors in the study, it finds that Chapter 11 has the potential to provide a productive means for addressing their financial problems by offering religious organizations an avenue to rehabilitate their operations following economic downturns, failures and transitions in leadership, and standstills in negotiating with creditors. In exploring these Chapter 11 cases, this Article not …
Circuit Courts With Plenary Jurisdiction And Administrative Agencies With Exclusive Jurisdiction: Can They Peacefully Coexist In Missouri, Paul M. Spinden
Circuit Courts With Plenary Jurisdiction And Administrative Agencies With Exclusive Jurisdiction: Can They Peacefully Coexist In Missouri, Paul M. Spinden
Missouri Law Review
Part II examines this provision, including its impetus. Part III considers J.C.W.’s exposition of jurisdiction and focuses on its contention that the Missouri Constitution necessarily excludes statutory restrictions on the judiciary’s exercise of subject matter jurisdiction. Part IV closely examines McCracken’s application of J.C.W.’s analysis to the issue of exclusive administrative remedies and agency jurisdiction. Finally, Part V suggests alternative analyses that maintain exclusive remedies for workers’ compensation and other administrative agencies while preserving the circuit courts’ plenary subject matter jurisdiction.
Need For Legitimate Regulatory Regime In Bioethics: A Global And European Perspective, The , Jane Reichel
Need For Legitimate Regulatory Regime In Bioethics: A Global And European Perspective, The , Jane Reichel
Missouri Law Review
Bioethics in global biobanking touches upon several internationally accepted fundamental rights and values, namely the sample donor’s right of privacy, the patient’s right to health, and – at least implicitly – scientific freedom. From the perspective of fundamental rights, however, there are very few internationally applicable rules as to the enforcement of these rights at the administrative level. Instead, the combination of the practical need for common rules and the lack of political will and/or legislative competence within the international community or the European Union (EU) seems to have paved the way for soft law. Further, the role of courts …
My Way Or No Way: The American Reluctance For Trans-Territorial Public Law , William Funk
My Way Or No Way: The American Reluctance For Trans-Territorial Public Law , William Funk
Missouri Law Review
One of the topics for this symposium is “trans-territorial administrative law.” It is said that public law is in the process of de-territorialization; that many of the phenomena discussed in the current context of modern administrative law (e.g., agency-networks, governance, privatization, globalization) have led to a lessening of the principle of territoriality in public law; and that, indeed, in a digital age, the principle of territoriality seems much less important to an increasing sector of regulation of activities (e.g., media, telecommunications, banking, insurance, internet, crime prevention, etc.). Deterritorialization is probably most evident in trade law, where the World Trade Organization …
Creation Of Transnational Administrative Structures Governing Internet Communication, The , Russell L. Weaver, Duncan Fairgrieve, Francois Lichere
Creation Of Transnational Administrative Structures Governing Internet Communication, The , Russell L. Weaver, Duncan Fairgrieve, Francois Lichere
Missouri Law Review
As the world becomes more economically integrated, increasing numbers of problems arise that are best handled through international treaties and transnational regulatory structures.4 For example, there have been concerns regarding the safety of products shipped from developing countries. These concerns have involved manufactured products, but have been particularly evident with food. Numerous examples can be found. The Japanese “discovered high levels of pesticides in imported spinach,” and U.S. “pets died from eating [imported] pet food contaminated with toxic chemicals.” In France, pesticides were discovered in fish imported from Africa, prompting the French government to suspend the importation of all fishes …
Churches Built On Sinking Sand: How Courts Decide Who Keeps Church Property Following A Schism, Daniel Coffman
Churches Built On Sinking Sand: How Courts Decide Who Keeps Church Property Following A Schism, Daniel Coffman
Missouri Law Review
This Note will examine whether the “strict title” application of the neutral principles taken by Gashland is a more preferable approach than the interpretation and application of the neutral principles in other jurisdictions. This Note will discuss whether Gashland squares with the Supreme Court of the United States’ prior decisions involving church property disputes and whether Gashland’s strict title approach is most true to the principles set forth in the leading case on the issue, Jones v. Wolf. This Note will first review the facts and holding of Gashland. It will then chronicle the history of church property jurisprudence in …
Dealing With Trans-Territorial Executive Rule-Making , Herwig C.H. Hofmann
Dealing With Trans-Territorial Executive Rule-Making , Herwig C.H. Hofmann
Missouri Law Review
This Article discusses the reality of executive rule-making procedures with trans-territorial effect, with other words, the creation of non-legislative rules which have an effect outside the territorial limits of the jurisdiction of origin. It maps the phenomenon, discusses some of its central challenges for the realization of general principles of law and considers possible legal approaches addressing these. One of the most important issues thereby is to find workable solutions in the context of the pluralism of sources of law – national, supranational and international.
Social Networking And Freedom Of Speech: Not Like Old Times , Zachary Shklar
Social Networking And Freedom Of Speech: Not Like Old Times , Zachary Shklar
Missouri Law Review
In Bland v. Roberts, the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia was presented with the issue of whether “liking” a page on Facebook is speech protectable by the First Amendment. This Note argues that the court’s holding, that “liking” something on Facebook is not worthy of First Amendment protection, is a disturbing result that endangers one of our most fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution. In Part II, this Note analyzes the facts and holding of Bland v. Roberts. Next, in Part III, this Note describes in detail how Facebook operates and explains the legal background …
Equal Exposure Brews Frustration For Employees: Court Filters Personal Comfort Doctrine Through Workers' Compensation Amendments, Breanna Hance
Equal Exposure Brews Frustration For Employees: Court Filters Personal Comfort Doctrine Through Workers' Compensation Amendments, Breanna Hance
Missouri Law Review
This Note will examine the status of the “arising out of and in the course of employment” requirement after Johme. Part II begins with an analysis of the facts and holding of Johme. Next, Part III synthesizes the background of workers’ compensation laws in Missouri, including the establishment of the workers’ compensation system, the development of the personal comfort doctrine, the 2005 statutory revisions, and two post-2005 cases interpreting the changes. Part IV outlines the court’s rationale in deciding Johme. Finally, Part V discusses the impact of Johme on the “arising out of and in the course of employment” requirement. …
Constitutionality Of Caps: Upholding Missouri's Right To Jury Trial And The Non-Economic Damages Debate, The, Rachel Lawrence
Constitutionality Of Caps: Upholding Missouri's Right To Jury Trial And The Non-Economic Damages Debate, The, Rachel Lawrence
Missouri Law Review
This Note argues that the Watts decision appropriately invalidated the statutory limits on economic damages, finding non-economic caps on damages unconstitutional. Part II of this Note analyzes the facts and holding of Watts. Part III examines previous constitutional challenges to Missouri Revised Statutes chapter 538 and how the court interpreted constitutional language to reach its decision. Next, Part IV explains the court’s rationale in Watts. Last, Part V explains why the court was correct in declaring noneconomic damage caps unconstitutional and explores the policy issues behind statutory limitations on damages.
Cause For Action For Student-On-Student Sexual Harassment Under The Missouri Human Rights Act, A , Amanda N. Johnson
Cause For Action For Student-On-Student Sexual Harassment Under The Missouri Human Rights Act, A , Amanda N. Johnson
Missouri Law Review
This Note argues that a cause of action under the MHRA is problematic because it misapplies the law with respect to public schools, creating limitless liability against school districts. The cost of damages and legal fees could overwhelm many of Missouri’s school districts, taking taxpayer money from funding education and putting it in the pockets of attorneys and plaintiffs.
Disqualification For Bias And International Tribunals: Room For A Common Test , Margaret Allars
Disqualification For Bias And International Tribunals: Room For A Common Test , Margaret Allars
Missouri Law Review
This Article explores the scope for the development of a bias test applying to international tribunals. In the absence of a developed test in any such tribunal, an obvious source of jurisprudence is the case-law on Article 6(1) of the European Convention, which the European Court of Human Rights applies to domestic tribunals of member states. The requirement of impartiality in Article 6(1) has remained an abstract concept, slowly evolving on the foundation of common law maxims accepted as its rationale. While United Kingdom courts claim that their recent renovation of the common law test of apparent bias is the …
Public Participation Without A Public: The Challenge For Administrative Policymaking , Sidney Shapiro, Richard Murphy
Public Participation Without A Public: The Challenge For Administrative Policymaking , Sidney Shapiro, Richard Murphy
Missouri Law Review
As Isaac Newton taught us long ago, for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. To the degree that unelected, unaccountable mandarins rule, the people do not. Regulatory agencies, headed by unelected administrators, can thus create a “democracy deficit” and, at least for those who believe government derives its legitimacy from democracy,, a legitimacy deficit, too. Various polities have addressed this democracy deficit by embedding public administration in “accountability network[s] of rules and procedures[.]” A requirement of public participation is one such procedure common to many countries and many situations. Whether public participation serves the public, however, depends …
Science, Politics, And Administrative Legitimacy , Louis J. Virelli Iii
Science, Politics, And Administrative Legitimacy , Louis J. Virelli Iii
Missouri Law Review
Administrative agencies in the United States and other constitutional democracies around the world are continually faced with difficult questions about the legitimacy of their decisions.1 Each of these legitimacy questions in turn raises important second-order questions about how agencies should view their role within a constitutional democracy: How closely should agency decisions reflect popular political will? When and to what degree are deviations from popular opinion justified, and what measures should be taken to reduce the gap between regulators and the governed? What other sources of information are critical to agency decision making, and how should those inputs be treated …