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Articles 1021 - 1050 of 4157
Full-Text Articles in Law
Foreword, James E. Coleman Jr., Barry Sullivan
Foreword, James E. Coleman Jr., Barry Sullivan
Law and Contemporary Problems
No abstract provided.
Rights In Conflict: The First Amendment’S Third Century, Robert M. O'Neil
Rights In Conflict: The First Amendment’S Third Century, Robert M. O'Neil
Law and Contemporary Problems
O'Neil has witnesses the resolution, or at least the clarification, of many free speech and press issues. There are, however, persistent issues that deserve particularly close scrutiny. Three such issues are tensions between free expression and privacy, civility, and equality.
“Certain Fundamental Truths”: A Dialectic On Negative And Positive Liberty In Hate-Speech Cases, W. Bradley Wendel
“Certain Fundamental Truths”: A Dialectic On Negative And Positive Liberty In Hate-Speech Cases, W. Bradley Wendel
Law and Contemporary Problems
Matthew Hale is a white supremacist who likes to attract media attention. He set himself up as the leader of a racist "church" called the World Church of the Creator and immediately went about attempting to put an articulate, polite face on the organization. Hale's application to become a licensed attorney in Illinois, his subsequent denial and the litigation that followed are discussed.
The First Amendment In A Time That Tries Men’S Souls, Susan Gellman
The First Amendment In A Time That Tries Men’S Souls, Susan Gellman
Law and Contemporary Problems
Government requests to suspend civil liberties are always rationalized by "crisis." In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of Sep 11, 2001, not only legal scholars but all Americans wondered what the civil liberties fallout would be. A particular area of concern was, and still is, the First Amendment protections, especially of speech and press.
Second Thoughts, Akhil Reed Amar
Second Thoughts, Akhil Reed Amar
Law and Contemporary Problems
By now it is evident that legislators need to understand how all the words of the Second Amendment fit together, and how they, in turn, mesh with other words in the Constitution. Most gun control proposals seek to regulate rather than prohibit, limiting the amount and type of ammunition, restricting the number of guns one can buy, and so on.
The Fourth Amendment In The Twenty-First Century: Technology, Privacy, And Human Emotions, Andrew E. Taslitz
The Fourth Amendment In The Twenty-First Century: Technology, Privacy, And Human Emotions, Andrew E. Taslitz
Law and Contemporary Problems
Police and local political officials in Tampa FL argued that the FaceIt system promotes safety, but privacy advocates objected to the city's recording or utilizing facial images without the victims' consent, some staging protests against the FaceIt system. Privacy objects seem to be far more widely shared than this small protest might suggest.
The Treaty Of Nice: Arming The Courts To Defend A European Bill Of Rights?, Liz Heffernan
The Treaty Of Nice: Arming The Courts To Defend A European Bill Of Rights?, Liz Heffernan
Law and Contemporary Problems
In Dec 2000, the European heads of government, meeting in Nice France, took several momentous steps in the constitutional development of the EU. Potentially, the Nice Summit will mark a major milepost on the road to a European bill of rights. Assuming the member states ultimately enact remedial measures, including judicial protection, the transition may prove no less influential than the adoption of the Bill of Rights in the US.
Postcommunist Charters Of Rights In Europe And The U.S. Bill Of Rights, Wojciech Sadurski
Postcommunist Charters Of Rights In Europe And The U.S. Bill Of Rights, Wojciech Sadurski
Law and Contemporary Problems
The Bill of Rights of the US Constitution served as both a model and anti-model for the constitutionalization of citizens' rights in the new democracies emerging after the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe. The most striking contrast between the US Bill of Rights and postcommunist constitutional charters of rights is the absence in the former, and the inclusion in the latter, of catalogues of so-called "positive," socioeconomic rights.
The Bill Of Rights And The Emerging Democracies, Jacek Kurczewski, Barry Sullivan
The Bill Of Rights And The Emerging Democracies, Jacek Kurczewski, Barry Sullivan
Law and Contemporary Problems
Today, the influence of the US Bill of Rights can be traced through its remote offspring, including the Helsinki Agreement, the German Basic Law, the post-war French constitutions, and the European Convention on Human Rights. These documents have influenced recent developments in the emerging democracies of eastern and central Europe.
The Maturation And Disintegration Of The Hearsay Exception For Statements For Medical Examination In Child Sexual Abuse Cases, Robert P. Mosteller
The Maturation And Disintegration Of The Hearsay Exception For Statements For Medical Examination In Child Sexual Abuse Cases, Robert P. Mosteller
Law and Contemporary Problems
Mosteller examines the treatment of children as victims and witnesses in criminal trials, most frequently involving sexual abuse, over the last quarter of the twentieth century, and from that experience, to draw lessons. He also examines what has been learned about the hearsay exception for "statements for purposes of medical diagnosis of treatment."
Child Witness Policy: Law Interfacing With Social Science, Dorothy F. Marsil, Jean Montoya, David Ross, Louise Graham
Child Witness Policy: Law Interfacing With Social Science, Dorothy F. Marsil, Jean Montoya, David Ross, Louise Graham
Law and Contemporary Problems
The number of children testifying in court has posed serious practical and legal problems for the judicial system. One problem confronting the courts is how to protect children from experiencing the psychological trauma resulting from face-to-face confrontation with a defendant who may have physically harmed the child or threatened future harm to the child.
Hearsay Exceptions: Adjusting The Ratio Of Intuition To Psychological Science, John E. B. Myers, Ingrid Cordon, Simona Ghetti, Gail S. Goodman
Hearsay Exceptions: Adjusting The Ratio Of Intuition To Psychological Science, John E. B. Myers, Ingrid Cordon, Simona Ghetti, Gail S. Goodman
Law and Contemporary Problems
Myers explores hearsay exeptions by examining three exceptions: excited utterances, statements for purposes of diagnosis or treatment, and the residual hearsay exception. The focus is child declarants, and these exceptions play key roles in child abuse litigation.
Forensic Interviews Of Children: The Components Of Scientific Validity And Legal Admissibility, Nancy E. Walker
Forensic Interviews Of Children: The Components Of Scientific Validity And Legal Admissibility, Nancy E. Walker
Law and Contemporary Problems
The problems associated with assessments of children's reports of victimization in criminal proceedings came to national attention during the 1980s and 1990s in a series of highly publicized trials of daycare staff. Walker describes information that professionals need to know if they are to conduct valid interview of children in forensic contexts.
Good Enough For Government Work: The Constitutional Duty To Preserve Forensic Interviews Of Child Victims, Lucy S. Mcgough
Good Enough For Government Work: The Constitutional Duty To Preserve Forensic Interviews Of Child Victims, Lucy S. Mcgough
Law and Contemporary Problems
McGough proceeds with the confidence on the premise that a forensic interview of a child by a member of the prosecutorial team offers many opportunities for compromising the reliability of the child's remembered account. A vast volume of research data now exists that documents the conclusion that the forensic interviewing of children is a very delicate, sophisticated, and high-risk enterprise.
The Conundrum Of Children, Confrontation, And Hearsay, Richard D. Friedman
The Conundrum Of Children, Confrontation, And Hearsay, Richard D. Friedman
Law and Contemporary Problems
The adjudication of child abuse claims poses an excruciatingly difficult conundrum. In many cases, a large part of the problem is that the prosecution's case depends critically on the statement or testimony of a young child.
Foreword, Robert P. Mosteller
Applying Suggestibility Research To The Real World: The Case Of Repeated Questions, Thomas D. Lyon
Applying Suggestibility Research To The Real World: The Case Of Repeated Questions, Thomas D. Lyon
Law and Contemporary Problems
One can discern two parallel trends in the law and the psychology of child witnesses. In the law, appellate courts are beginning to stem the once powerful movement to increase the acceptance of children's testimony and the admissibility of children's out-of-court statements. Lyon analyzes particular strands of each trend.
Why Children’S Suggestibility Remains A Serious Concern, Amye R. Warren, Dorothy F. Marsil
Why Children’S Suggestibility Remains A Serious Concern, Amye R. Warren, Dorothy F. Marsil
Law and Contemporary Problems
Warren and Marsil focus on six areas representing some of the most intractable problems that will require further attention from scientists and practitioners alike. Research on child witnesses is highlighted, concentrating primarily on studies published or presented in the past ten years.
A Feminist Look At The Death Penalty, Amy E. Pope
A Feminist Look At The Death Penalty, Amy E. Pope
Law and Contemporary Problems
Pope gives an exploration of the need for a feminist perspective on capital punishment. She then begins to determine which feminist methodology is most appropriate to an analysis of the death penalty.
Assessing Causation In Breast Implant Litigation: The Role Of Science Panels, Laural L. Hooper, Joe S. Cecil, Thomas E. Willging
Assessing Causation In Breast Implant Litigation: The Role Of Science Panels, Laural L. Hooper, Joe S. Cecil, Thomas E. Willging
Law and Contemporary Problems
In two recent cases, federal judges appointed panels of scientific experts to help assess conflicting scientific testimony regarding causation of systemic injuries by silicone gel breast implants. This article will describe the circumstances that gave rise to the appointments, the procedures followed in making the appointments and reporting to the courts, and the reactions of the participants in the proceedings.
Too Many Probabilities: Statistical Evidence Of Tort Causation, David W. Barnes
Too Many Probabilities: Statistical Evidence Of Tort Causation, David W. Barnes
Law and Contemporary Problems
Medical scientific testimony is often expressed in terms of two different probabilities: 1. The increased probability of harm if a person is exposed, for example, to a toxin. 2. The observed relationship is an artifact of the experimental method. This article demonstrates that neither probability, taken alone or together, measures whether the "preponderance of the evidence" test is met.
The Relation Between Counterfactual (“But For”) And Causal Reasoning: Experimental Findings And Implications For Jurors’ Decisions, Barbara A. Spellman, Alexandra Kincannon
The Relation Between Counterfactual (“But For”) And Causal Reasoning: Experimental Findings And Implications For Jurors’ Decisions, Barbara A. Spellman, Alexandra Kincannon
Law and Contemporary Problems
No abstract provided.
Foreword, John M. Conley
Scientific Ignorance And Reliable Patterns Of Evidence In Toxic Tort Causation: Is There A Need For Liability Reform?, Carl F. Cranor, David A. Eastmond
Scientific Ignorance And Reliable Patterns Of Evidence In Toxic Tort Causation: Is There A Need For Liability Reform?, Carl F. Cranor, David A. Eastmond
Law and Contemporary Problems
As a first step to preserving the central aims of tort law, courts will need to recognize the wide variety of respectable, reliable patterns of evidence on which scientists themselves rely for drawing inferences about the toxicity of substances. Courts may also need to take further steps to address the woeful ignorance about the chemical universe. This may necessitate changes in the liability rules.
The Swine Flu Vaccine And Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Case Study In Relative Risk And Specific Causation, David A. Freedman, Philip B. Stark
The Swine Flu Vaccine And Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Case Study In Relative Risk And Specific Causation, David A. Freedman, Philip B. Stark
Law and Contemporary Problems
This article discusses the role of epidemiologic evidence in toxic tort cases, focusing on relative risk. Whether specific causation can be inferred if a relative risk is above 2.0 is discussed. The object is to explore the scientific logic behind intuitions of relative risk.
Scientific Models Of Human Health Risk Analysis In Legal And Policy Decisions, Douglas Crawford-Brown
Scientific Models Of Human Health Risk Analysis In Legal And Policy Decisions, Douglas Crawford-Brown
Law and Contemporary Problems
The quality of scientific predictions of risk in the courtroom and policy arena rests in large measure on how the two differences between normal practice and the legal/policy practice of science are reconciled. This article considers a variety of issues that arise in reconciling these differences, and the problems that remain with scientific estimates of risk when these are used in decisions.
Causation And The Law: Preemption, Lawful Sufficiency, And Causal Sufficiency, Richard Fumerton, Ken Kress
Causation And The Law: Preemption, Lawful Sufficiency, And Causal Sufficiency, Richard Fumerton, Ken Kress
Law and Contemporary Problems
This article briefly describes the normative/nonnormative distinction, and how one might invoke this distinction to locate a nonnormative dimension of actual causation. After briefly introducing Richard Wright's concept of a necessary element in a set of conditions for an effect, the article notes ambiguities in the critical concepts of necessity and sufficiency that he deploys. The article suggests the most plausible interpretation of Wright's use of different modal concepts.
The Admissibility Of Differential Diagnosis Testimony To Prove Causation In Toxic Tort Cases: The Interplay Of Adjective And Substantive Law, Joseph Sanders, Julie Machal-Fulks
The Admissibility Of Differential Diagnosis Testimony To Prove Causation In Toxic Tort Cases: The Interplay Of Adjective And Substantive Law, Joseph Sanders, Julie Machal-Fulks
Law and Contemporary Problems
This article uses the differential diagnosis opinions to explore a pair of interrelationships. The basic causal framework employed by most courts in toxic tort cases is presented. A key to understanding the developing case law in this area is to appreciate the degree to which the courts have adopted the interpretive conventions of science in assessing admissibility.