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Articles 1501 - 1530 of 5038
Full-Text Articles in Law
Love They Neighbor: Should Religious Accommodations That Negatively Affect Coworkers' Shift Preferences Constitute And Undue Harship On The Employer Under Title Vii?, Rachel M. Birnbach
Love They Neighbor: Should Religious Accommodations That Negatively Affect Coworkers' Shift Preferences Constitute And Undue Harship On The Employer Under Title Vii?, Rachel M. Birnbach
Fordham Law Review
In applying Title VII, courts are often confronted with proposed religious accommodations that would negatively affect other employees and must decide whether such an accommodation amounts to an undue hardship on the employer. However, there is a conflict among circuit courts over the scope of an employer’s duty to accommodate religious employees when doing so would negatively affect coworkers’ scheduling preferences, outside the context of a collective bargaining agreement. The conflict turns on whether courts consider any negative impact on coworkers to amount to impermissible preferential treatment, or whether they require that the defendant demonstrate a more severe impact on …
The Rights Of Divorced Lesbians: Interstate Recognition Of Child Custody Judgments In The Context Of Same-Sex Divorce, Kathryn J. Harvey
The Rights Of Divorced Lesbians: Interstate Recognition Of Child Custody Judgments In The Context Of Same-Sex Divorce, Kathryn J. Harvey
Fordham Law Review
This Note explores the issue of interstate recognition of child custody, which arises in the context of same-sex divorce. The Parental Kidnapping Prevention Act (PKPA) requires states to grant full faith and credit to all child custody orders; on the other hand, the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) allows states to deny full faith and credit to judgments “arising out of” same-sex marriage. This Note argues that DOMA partially repeals the PKPA, such that states need not grant full faith and credit to divorce and child custody decrees in the context of same-sex marriage. Further, this Note argues that because …
Securities Class Actions, Cafa And A Countrywide Crisis: A Call For Clarity And Consistency, Denise Mazzeo
Securities Class Actions, Cafa And A Countrywide Crisis: A Call For Clarity And Consistency, Denise Mazzeo
Fordham Law Review
The unfolding of the credit crisis raises novel issues in securities litigation. This Note explores the conflict between the nonremoval provision of the Securities Act of 1933 (’33 Act) and the removal provisions of the Class Action Fairness Act of 2005 (CAFA), and their interplay in the context of class actions involving mortgage-backed securities. Circuits are currently split over whether or not such class actions are removable under CAFA. The Seventh Circuit and the Southern District of New York have held that class actions asserting only ’33 Act claims are removable under CAFA unless they fall within one of CAFA’s …
Toward Effective Implementation Of 11 U.S.C. § 522(D)(11)(E): Invigorating A Powerful Bankruptcy Exemption, Uriel Rabinovitz
Toward Effective Implementation Of 11 U.S.C. § 522(D)(11)(E): Invigorating A Powerful Bankruptcy Exemption, Uriel Rabinovitz
Fordham Law Review
This Note explores how bankruptcy courts have analyzed and applied the 11 U.S.C. § 522(d)(11)(E) bankruptcy exemption and the confusion generated by its conflicting interpretations. This Note reviews and scrutinizes the history of the Bankruptcy Law, its goals and purposes, the differences between its underlying themes, and specific mechanisms involved in the implementation of bankruptcy exemptions. With a broader understanding of the rationale behind bankruptcy laws in combination with the relevant legislative history, this Note sets the stage and advocates for an increased consistency in the analysis and application of the 11 U.S.C. § 522(d)(11)(E) exemption.
When Cows Fly: Expanding Cognizable Injury-In-Fact And Interest Group Litigation, Robert Terenzi, Jr.
When Cows Fly: Expanding Cognizable Injury-In-Fact And Interest Group Litigation, Robert Terenzi, Jr.
Fordham Law Review
This Note takes an in-depth look at standing and, specifically, the extent to which increased risk of exposure to toxins caused by a government agency’s regulations constitutes a judicially cognizable injury-in-fact. Despite over a century of case law on the topic, standing doctrine remains in flux and ill defined, largely due to the constantly changing ideological makeup of the U.S. Supreme Court. The lower courts are divided on the question of whether increased risk of future harm constitutes an injury-in-fact. Using Baur v. Veneman as a case study, this Note argues for the expansion of the definition of injury-in-fact to …
Taking Finance Seriously: How Debt Financing Distorts Bidding Outcomes In Corporate Takeovers, Robert P. Bartlett Iii
Taking Finance Seriously: How Debt Financing Distorts Bidding Outcomes In Corporate Takeovers, Robert P. Bartlett Iii
Fordham Law Review
Economic analysis of corporate takeovers has traditionally advocated legal doctrines that ensure a target company in a takeover contest is acquired by the bidder willing to pay the most for it. The reason stems from the conventional assumption that a bidder's offer price should reflect its ability to put a target's assets to productive use. This Article challenges this assumption by turning to the success of private equity firms in outbidding publicly traded, strategic bidders during the takeover wave of 2004 to 2007. Using standard valuation modeling, this Article reveals how a critical component of any bidder's valuation of a …
Turf Wars: Street Gangs And The Outer Limits Of Rico's "Affecting Commerce" Requirement, Frank D'Angelo
Turf Wars: Street Gangs And The Outer Limits Of Rico's "Affecting Commerce" Requirement, Frank D'Angelo
Fordham Law Review
In response to the increasingly vast economic impact of organized crime, Congress in 1970 enacted the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) to provide federal prosecutors additional tools to combat such crime. RICO requires that enterprises whose members are charged with violating the Act must “affect interstate commerce.” Courts have held that RICO may be applied to enterprises with no economic motivation so long as they minimally affect interstate commerce. However, given the Act's economic history and interstate commerce element, its application to noneconomic intrastate enterprises presents a special problem. This Note argues that, consistent with relevant Commerce Clause …
Alien Tort Statute Accomplice Liability Cases: Should Courts Apply The Plausibility Pleading Standard Of Bell Atlantic V. Twombly?, Amanda Sue Nichols
Alien Tort Statute Accomplice Liability Cases: Should Courts Apply The Plausibility Pleading Standard Of Bell Atlantic V. Twombly?, Amanda Sue Nichols
Fordham Law Review
When a corporation operating abroad either conspires with, or aids and abets, an oppressive regime in violating human rights, victims can seek redress in U.S. courts under the Alien Tort Statute. In assessing such claims, some courts have chosen to apply a liberal pleading standard, while others have applied a heightened pleading standard to combat frivolous lawsuits. This Note suggests that courts should apply a third standard--the plausibility standard applied to claims under section 1 of the Sherman Act by the U.S. Supreme Court in Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly. This Note argues that applying that standard to Alien Tort …
Home Ownership Risk Beyond A Subprime Crisis: The Role Of Delinquency Management, Melissa B. Jacoby
Home Ownership Risk Beyond A Subprime Crisis: The Role Of Delinquency Management, Melissa B. Jacoby
Fordham Law Review
A surge in delinquency among risky subprime home mortgages has produced calls for front-end regulatory fixes as well as emergency foreclosure avoidance interventions. Whatever the merit of those interventions, this Essay calls for home mortgage delinquency management to be conceptualized as an enduring component of housing policy. The Essay identifies and evaluates a framework for the management of delinquency that is not limited to formal foreclosure law and includes other debtor-creditor laws such as bankruptcy, industry loss mitigation efforts, and third-party interventions such as delinquency housing counseling. The Essay also proposes that delinquency management be evaluated through the lens of …
Erisa, Agency Costs, And The Future Of Health Care In The United States, John Bronsteen, Brendan S. Maher, Peter K. Stris
Erisa, Agency Costs, And The Future Of Health Care In The United States, John Bronsteen, Brendan S. Maher, Peter K. Stris
Fordham Law Review
Because so many Americans receive health insurance through their employers, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) of 1974 plays a dominant role in the delivery of health care in the United States. The ERISA system enables employers and insurers to save money by providing inadequate health care to employees, thereby creating incentives for these agents to act contrary to the interests of their principals. Such agency costs play a significant role in the current health care crisis and require attention when considering reform. We evaluate the two major health care reform movements by exploring the extent to which each …
Regulating Direct-To-Consumer Genetic Testing: Protecting The Consumer Without Quashing A Medical Revolution, Jennifer A. Gniady
Regulating Direct-To-Consumer Genetic Testing: Protecting The Consumer Without Quashing A Medical Revolution, Jennifer A. Gniady
Fordham Law Review
This Note examines the existing gaps in regulating genetic tests that are sold directly to consumers and the arguments for and against greater regulation. It advocates adopting an approach that shores up existing regulation of the accuracy of genetic tests under the Food and Drug Administration and Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment, while continuing to promote an open market for selling tests directly to consumers. The Note looks to a variety of additional mechanisms for providing further consumer protections such as incentives for voluntary participation in the Food and Drug Administration approval process, an expanded watchdog role for professional organizations, and …
From T-Shirts To Teaching: May Public Schools Constitutionally Regulate Antihomosexual Speech?, Amanda L. Houle
From T-Shirts To Teaching: May Public Schools Constitutionally Regulate Antihomosexual Speech?, Amanda L. Houle
Fordham Law Review
In applying the First Amendment in the public school context, courts are faced with the challenge of balancing the constitutional rights of students against the discretion of schools to control speech and conduct on school grounds. This Note focuses on the specific issue of public schools regulating antihomosexual speech. Evaluating the First Amendment rights of students expressing antihomosexual sentiment through private and school-sponsored mediums, this Note ultimately argues for a comprehensive standard permitting schools to regulate both private and school-sponsored student speech.
"Obvious To Try": A Proper Patentability Standard In The Pharmaceutical Arts?, Andrew V. Trask
"Obvious To Try": A Proper Patentability Standard In The Pharmaceutical Arts?, Andrew V. Trask
Fordham Law Review
Pharmaceutical research often entails making small modifications to candidate drug molecules--modifications that might be deemed “obvious to try”--and then studying the largely unpredictable, yet critical, resulting biological effects. Recognizing this characteristic unpredictability, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has traditionally upheld the patentability of obvious-to-try pharmaceutical inventions. This approach has been challenged, however, by the U.S. Supreme Court's 2007 decision in KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc. This Note reviews the history of the obvious-to-try test and considers the Federal Circuit's post-KSR inconsistency regarding obviousness in the pharmaceutical arts. This Note argues that KSR does not permit …
Forty Years Of Loving: Confronting Issues Of Race, Sexuality, And The Family In The Twenty-First Century, Introduction, Robin A. Lenhardt, Elizabeth B. Cooper, Sheila R. Foster, Sonia K. Katyal
Forty Years Of Loving: Confronting Issues Of Race, Sexuality, And The Family In The Twenty-First Century, Introduction, Robin A. Lenhardt, Elizabeth B. Cooper, Sheila R. Foster, Sonia K. Katyal
Fordham Law Review
No abstract provided.
Listening To The Interracial Canary: Contemporary Views On Interracial Relationships Among Blacks And Whites, Erica Chito Childs
Listening To The Interracial Canary: Contemporary Views On Interracial Relationships Among Blacks And Whites, Erica Chito Childs
Fordham Law Review
No abstract provided.
Time For Rights? Loving, Gay Marriage, And The Limits Of Legal Justice, Chandan Reddy
Time For Rights? Loving, Gay Marriage, And The Limits Of Legal Justice, Chandan Reddy
Fordham Law Review
No abstract provided.
Twenty-First-Century Loving: Nationality, Gender, And Religion In The Muslim World, Adrien Katherine Wing
Twenty-First-Century Loving: Nationality, Gender, And Religion In The Muslim World, Adrien Katherine Wing
Fordham Law Review
No abstract provided.
"Who Killed Katie Couric?" And Other Tales From The World Of Executive Compensation Reform, Kenneth M. Rosen
"Who Killed Katie Couric?" And Other Tales From The World Of Executive Compensation Reform, Kenneth M. Rosen
Fordham Law Review
No abstract provided.
Are Storylines Patentable? Testing The Boundaries Of Patentable Subject Matter, Anu R. Sawkar
Are Storylines Patentable? Testing The Boundaries Of Patentable Subject Matter, Anu R. Sawkar
Fordham Law Review
This Note examines doctrinal issues relating to the patentability of nonphysical inventions by assessing a proposal to patent storylines for use in books and movies. Analyzing recent and historical case law regarding the limits of patentable subject matter, this Note identifies four points of doctrinal tension whose resolution will determine the extent to which nonphysical inventions, such as the storyline proposal, are patentable. This Note suggests how the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit should resolve these tensions in upcoming cases and proposes boundaries for the patentability of nonphysical inventions.
The Intersection Of 42 U.S.C. § 1983 And The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, Suzanne Solomon
The Intersection Of 42 U.S.C. § 1983 And The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, Suzanne Solomon
Fordham Law Review
This Note reviews the history, structure, and purpose of 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). It then describes how the two statutes intersect and interact. Next, this Note examines the existing split in the U.S. Courts of Appeals regarding the availability of § 1983 as a remedy for violations of the IDEA. This Note ultimately contends that Congress intended § 1983 suits to prevail under the IDEA and argues that school districts will be deterred from violating the statute's provisions if such suits are allowed to proceed.
Direct Democracy And The Electoral College: Can A Popular Initiative Change How A State Appoints Its Electors?, Michael Mclaughlin
Direct Democracy And The Electoral College: Can A Popular Initiative Change How A State Appoints Its Electors?, Michael Mclaughlin
Fordham Law Review
This Note explores the constitutionality of a proposed popular initiative in California that would direct the manner in which the state appoints presidential electors. Article II, Section 1, Clause 2 of the U.S. Constitution gives the state legislature the power to direct the manner in which the state appoints its presidential electors. The issue presented in this Note is whether a popular initiative qualifies as a “state legislature” under Article II, Section 1, Clause 2. To answer this question, this Note first examines the history of the Elector Appointment Clause, with respect to the Electoral College and in light of …
Trying Cases Related To Allegations Of Terrorism: Judges' Roundtable, Hon. Marcia G. Cooke, Hon. Gerald Ellis Rosen, Hon. Leonard Burke Sand, Hon. Shira A. Scheindlin
Trying Cases Related To Allegations Of Terrorism: Judges' Roundtable, Hon. Marcia G. Cooke, Hon. Gerald Ellis Rosen, Hon. Leonard Burke Sand, Hon. Shira A. Scheindlin
Fordham Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Emerging First Amendment Law Of Managerial Prerogative, Lawrence Rosenthal
The Emerging First Amendment Law Of Managerial Prerogative, Lawrence Rosenthal
Fordham Law Review
In Garcetti v. Ceballos, the U.S. Supreme Court, by the narrowest of margins, held that allegations of police perjury made in memoranda to his superiors by Richard Ceballos, a supervisory prosecutor in the Los Angeles County District Attorney's office, were unprotected by the First Amendment because “his expressions were made pursuant to his duties.” The academic reaction to this holding has been harshly negative; scholars argue that the holding will prevent the public from learning of governmental misconduct that is known only to those working within the bowels of the government itself. This Article rejects the scholarly consensus on Garcetti. …
Proposing A Uniform Remedial Approach For Undocumented Workers Under Federal Employment Discrimination Law, Craig Robert Senn
Proposing A Uniform Remedial Approach For Undocumented Workers Under Federal Employment Discrimination Law, Craig Robert Senn
Fordham Law Review
Given the recent influxes of undocumented workers who have entered the United States in order to obtain employment, the issue of their remedial rights under federal employment discrimination law has become highly significant. Under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), and/or the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), these remedies could include back pay, front pay (in lieu of reinstatement), compensatory damages, punitive damages, liquidated damages, and/or reasonable attorneys’ fees, as applicable. At present, there is no uniform judicial approach for determining the monetary remedial rights of the millions of undocumented workers under …
Should Preemption Apply In A Pharmaceutical Context? An Analysis Of The Preemption Debate And What Regulatory Compliance Statutes Contribute To The Discussion, Jennifer A. Surprenant
Should Preemption Apply In A Pharmaceutical Context? An Analysis Of The Preemption Debate And What Regulatory Compliance Statutes Contribute To The Discussion, Jennifer A. Surprenant
Fordham Law Review
Should the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)’s determination that a product is safe negate a private litigant’s cause of action under state law in all circumstances, unless the FDA determines that the manufacturer withheld relevant information regarding the safety of the product? This Note concludes that such federal preemption is proper because the FDA is fully capable of making a determination regarding the adequacy of the information disclosed by a pharmaceutical manufacturer without state interference. Additionally, such interference on the state level hinders the FDA’s objectives and effective functioning. Thus, determinations about the adequacy of the information provided to the …
Bringing Theories Of Human Rights Change Home, Cynthia Soohoo, Suzanne Stolz
Bringing Theories Of Human Rights Change Home, Cynthia Soohoo, Suzanne Stolz
Fordham Law Review
No abstract provided.
Keynote Address, A Community Of Reason And Rights, Harold Hongju Koh, William Michael Treanor
Keynote Address, A Community Of Reason And Rights, Harold Hongju Koh, William Michael Treanor
Fordham Law Review
No abstract provided.
Medellin's Clear Statement Rule: A Solution For International Delegations, Julian G. Ku
Medellin's Clear Statement Rule: A Solution For International Delegations, Julian G. Ku
Fordham Law Review
No abstract provided.
Does Medellin Matter?, Janet Koven Levit
White Cartels, The Civil Rights Act Of 1866, And The History Of Jones V. Alfred H. Mayer Co., Darrell A. H. Miller
White Cartels, The Civil Rights Act Of 1866, And The History Of Jones V. Alfred H. Mayer Co., Darrell A. H. Miller
Fordham Law Review
In 2008, Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. turned forty. In Jones, the U.S. Supreme Court held for the first time that Congress can use its enforcement power under the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery, to prohibit private racial discrimination in the sale of property. Jones temporarily awoke the Thirteenth Amendment and its enforcement legislation—the Civil Rights Act of 1866—from a century-long slumber. Moreover, it recognized an economic reality: racial discrimination by private actors can be as debilitating as racial discrimination by public actors. In doing so, Jones veered away from three decades of civil rights doctrine—a doctrine that had …