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Articles 781 - 810 of 19687
Full-Text Articles in Law
Latinxs Reshaping Law & Policy In The U.S. South, Luz E. Herrera, Pilar M. Hernández-Escontrías
Latinxs Reshaping Law & Policy In The U.S. South, Luz E. Herrera, Pilar M. Hernández-Escontrías
Faculty Scholarship
This article addresses the key law and policy levers affecting Latinxs in what the U.S. Census Bureau designates as the South. Since the rise of the Latinx population from the 1980s onward, few legal scholars and researchers have participated in a sustained dialogue about how law and policy affects Latinxs living in the South. In response to this gap in legal research, this article provides an overview of the major law and policy challenges and opportunities for Latinxs in this U.S. region. Part II examines the geopolitical landscape of the South with special focus on the enduring legacy of Jim …
The Unbearable Emptiness Of Formalism: Autonomy, Equality, And The Future Of Affirmative Action, Rachel F. Moran
The Unbearable Emptiness Of Formalism: Autonomy, Equality, And The Future Of Affirmative Action, Rachel F. Moran
Faculty Scholarship
Debates over affirmative action in higher education generally focus on equality interests under the Fourteenth Amendment but ignore liberty interests under the First Amendment. That tendency persists, even though the academic freedom to enroll a diverse student body has allowed colleges and universities to defend race-conscious admissions programs against legal challenges for decades. Today, the rise of formalism in judicial interpretation poses new perils for these programs. Justice Powell’s seminal decision in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke was a pragmatic compromise that used diversity to temper the polarized debate over equality that sharply divided the Court. In …
Endogenous And Dangerous, Brian N. Larson
Endogenous And Dangerous, Brian N. Larson
Faculty Scholarship
Empirical studies show that courts frequently cite cases that the parties did not cite during briefing and oral arguments—endogenous cases. This Article shows the cognitive and rational dangers of endogenous cases and presents an empirical study of their use. I contend that judges should avoid using endogenous cases in their reasoning and opinions. This Article’s first significant contribution is to provide the first exhaustive treatment in the American legal literature of the rational bases upon which defeasible legal deductions and legal analogies may be built and the critical questions or defeaters that can weaken or bring them down. As far …
Separation And Connectedness: Global Norms Of Open Versus Closed Adoption, Malinda L. Seymore
Separation And Connectedness: Global Norms Of Open Versus Closed Adoption, Malinda L. Seymore
Faculty Scholarship
Book Abstract:
Bringing together some of the world’s leading family law scholars, as well as bright and emerging minds in the field of global family law, this book explores the differences and commonalities in the conceptualization and legal treatment of families throughout different legal traditions. Each chapter delves into topics integral to family law jurisprudence and serves as a novel examination into a deep slice of family law. Together, the four parts and sixteen chapters create a melodious and intriguing examination of groundbreaking and cutting-edge areas of law in the realm of the family. The four parts primarily focus upon …
The Place Of The Prosecutor In Abolitionist Praxis, Cynthia Godsoe
The Place Of The Prosecutor In Abolitionist Praxis, Cynthia Godsoe
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
The Public Accommodations Dilemma - Whose Right Prevails, Meg Penrose
The Public Accommodations Dilemma - Whose Right Prevails, Meg Penrose
Faculty Scholarship
This essay gives a brief history of religious liberty-based objections to public accommodations law promoting societal integration and provides a potential solution. It argues there are parallels between LGBTQ discrimination and race discrimination, including the continued resistance to full integration and equality. The essay suggests a potential solution to the public accommodations dilemma between anti-discrimination and religious liberty in redefining the scope of religious liberty. Courts should protect religious services and activities—not secular services and activities. The status (religious or secular) of the person providing services should be irrelevant. The focus of public accommodations laws, and legal challenges to these …
Contract's Covert Meddlers, Sarah Winsberg
The Pain Of Paying Taxes, Gary M. Lucas Jr
The Pain Of Paying Taxes, Gary M. Lucas Jr
Faculty Scholarship
With a few caveats, standard economic models assume that, from society’s perspective, the payment of a tax constitutes a costless transfer from the taxpayer to the government. The financial loss to the taxpayer is exactly offset by the financial gain to the government, which can use the resulting tax revenue for the benefit of its citizens. In other words, paying taxes forces taxpayers to forgo private consumption, but the resulting loss in utility can be counterbalanced by an increase in utility from government spending. In fact, if the government spends wisely on beneficial public goods that are undersupplied by private …
The Living Rules Of Evidence, G. Alexander Nunn
The Living Rules Of Evidence, G. Alexander Nunn
Faculty Scholarship
The jurisprudential evolution of evidence law is dead. At least, that’s what we’re expected to believe. Ushered in on the wings of a growing positivist movement, the enactment of the Federal Rules of Evidence purported to quell judicial authority over evidence law. Instead, committees, conferences, and members of Congress would regulate any change to our evidentiary regime, thereby capturing the evolution of evidence law in a single, transparent code.
The codification of evidence law, though, has proven problematic. The arrival of the Federal Rules of Evidence has given rise to a historically anomalous era of relative stagnation in the doctrinal …
Stress Testing Governance, Rory Van Loo
Stress Testing Governance, Rory Van Loo
Faculty Scholarship
In their efforts to guard against the world’s greatest threats, administrative agencies and businesses have in recent years increasingly used stress tests. Stress tests simulate doomsday scenarios to ensure that the organization is prepared to respond. For example, agencies role-played a deadly pandemic spreading from China to the United States the year before COVID-19, acted out responses to a hypothetical hurricane striking New Orleans months before Hurricane Katrina devastated the city, and required banks to model their ability to withstand a recession prior to the economic downturn of 2020. But too often these exercises have failed to significantly improve readiness …
The Epistemology Of Second Best, Gary S. Lawson
The Epistemology Of Second Best, Gary S. Lawson
Faculty Scholarship
Second best theory “holds that where it is not possible to satisfy all the conditions necessary for a[] . . . system to reach an overall optimum, it is not generally desirable to satisfy as many of those conditions as possible.” Adrian Vermeule, Foreword: System Effects and the Constitution, 123 HARV. L. REV. 4, 17 (2009). In other words, if you are not moving all the way to the ideal state of affairs, it is unclear whether partial moves that seem to go in the direction of the ideal make the world “better” or “worse” – with “better” or “worse” …
Ethical Ai Development: Evidence From Ai Startups, James Bessen, Stephen Michael Impink, Lydia Reichensperger, Robert Seamans
Ethical Ai Development: Evidence From Ai Startups, James Bessen, Stephen Michael Impink, Lydia Reichensperger, Robert Seamans
Faculty Scholarship
Artificial Intelligence startups use training data as direct inputs in product development. These firms must balance numerous trade-offs between ethical issues and data access without substantive guidance from regulators or existing judicial precedence. We survey these startups to determine what actions they have taken to address these ethical issues and the consequences of those actions. We find that 58% of these startups have established a set of AI principles. Startups with data-sharing relationships with high-technology firms; that were impacted by privacy regulations; or with prior (non-seed) funding from institutional investors are more likely to establish ethical AI principles. Lastly, startups …
The Democratizing Potential Of Algorithms?, Ngozi Okidegbe
The Democratizing Potential Of Algorithms?, Ngozi Okidegbe
Faculty Scholarship
Jurisdictions are increasingly embracing the use of pretrial risk assessment algorithms as a solution to the problem of mass pretrial incarceration. Conversations about the use of pretrial algorithms in legal scholarship have tended to focus on their opacity, determinativeness, reliability, validity, or their (in)ability to reduce high rates of incarceration as well as racial and socioeconomic disparities within the pretrial system. This Article breaks from this tendency, examining these algorithms from a democratization of criminal law perspective. Using this framework, it points out that currently employed algorithms are exclusionary of the viewpoints and values of the racially marginalized communities most …
The Remainder Effect: How Automation Complements Labor Quality, James Bessen, Erich Denk, Chen Meng
The Remainder Effect: How Automation Complements Labor Quality, James Bessen, Erich Denk, Chen Meng
Faculty Scholarship
This paper argues that automation both complements and replaces workers. Extending the Acemoglu-Restrepo model of automation to consider labor quality, we obtain a Remainder Effect: while automation displaces labor on some tasks, it raises the returns to skill on remaining tasks across skill groups. This effect increases between-firm pay inequality while labor displacement affects within-firm inequality. Using job ad data, we find firm adoption of information technologies leads to both greater demand for diverse skills and higher pay across skill groups. This accounts for most of the sorting of skills to high paying firms that is central to rising inequality.
Is The Court Of Indian Offenses Of Ute Mountain Ute Agency A Federal Agency For Purposes Of The Fifth Amendment’S Double Jeopardy Clause?, Barbara L. Creel
Is The Court Of Indian Offenses Of Ute Mountain Ute Agency A Federal Agency For Purposes Of The Fifth Amendment’S Double Jeopardy Clause?, Barbara L. Creel
Faculty Scholarship
This case, which examines the application of the U.S. Constitution’s Double Jeopardy Clause, sits within the intersection of tribal courts, federal Indian law, and federal criminal law and jurisdiction. Essentially, the question is whether a Native American Indian can be punished twice for the same conduct—first in tribal court and a second time in federal court.
Identifying Red Herrings In American Legal Research, Erin Gow
Identifying Red Herrings In American Legal Research, Erin Gow
Faculty Scholarship
This article presents useful clues for British law librarians and legal researchers conducting research on American laws and legal systems. It focuses on general guidelines and key sticking points the author found when transitioning between legal research in the American and British jurisdictions.
Key skills introduced include the ability to:
- differentiate between federal and state legal jurisdictions in the U.S.,
- recognize key differences in American legal terminology and construct searches using American terms,
- analyze and select key American legal resources for different types of research questions,
- and identify American standards of legal citation.
Liberal Feminist Jurisprudence: Foundational, Enduring, Adaptive, Linda C. Mcclain, Brittany K. Hacker
Liberal Feminist Jurisprudence: Foundational, Enduring, Adaptive, Linda C. Mcclain, Brittany K. Hacker
Faculty Scholarship
Liberal feminism remains a significant strand of feminist jurisprudence in the U.S. Rooted in 19th and 20th century liberal and feminist political theory and women’s rights advocacy, it emphasizes autonomy, dignity, and equality. Liberal feminism’s focus remains to challenge unjust gender-based restrictions based on assumptions about men’s and women’s proper spheres and roles. Second wave liberal legal feminism, evident in Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s constitutional litigation, challenged pervasive sex-based discrimination in law and social institutions and shifted the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the Equal Protection Clause to a more skeptical review of gender-based classifications. Liberal feminists have developed robust conceptions of …
Asian Americans, Racial Stereotypes, And Elite University Admissions, Vinay Harpalani
Asian Americans, Racial Stereotypes, And Elite University Admissions, Vinay Harpalani
Faculty Scholarship
Asian Americans have long occupied a precarious position in America’s racial landscape, exemplified by controversies over elite university admissions. Recently, this has culminated with the Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. President & Fellows of Harvard College case. In January 2022, the Supreme Court granted certiorari in this case, and it will hear arguments and make a ruling in the next year or so. Students for Fair Admissions (“SFFA”) has attempted to link “negative action,” or discrimination against Asian Americans in admissions in favor of White Americans, with “affirmative action,” or race-conscious admissions policies intended to increase the enrollment of …
The Second Transformation Of The International Intellectual Property Regime, Peter K. Yu
The Second Transformation Of The International Intellectual Property Regime, Peter K. Yu
Faculty Scholarship
This chapter focuses on the structural changes that international investment norms have posed to the international intellectual property regime. It begins by documenting the regime’s first transformation by the adoption of the TRIPS Agreement and the marriage of intellectual property and trade through the World Trade Organization. The chapter then explores the regime’s potential second transformation when bilateral, regional, and plurilateral agreements and new investor-state disputes have caused international investment norms to intrude into the intellectual property domain. It continues to identify three sets of problems that have emerged from such intrusion. The chapter concludes by proposing three solutions to …
Statues Of Fraud : Confederate Monuments As Public Nuisances, Emily T. Behzadi
Statues Of Fraud : Confederate Monuments As Public Nuisances, Emily T. Behzadi
Faculty Scholarship
The deaths of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and countless other African Americans have capitulated a new wave of social activism throughout the United States. Notwithstanding the existence of one of the most infectious diseases of the 21st century, racist and unrestrained police violence continues to plague American society. The unprecedented national uprisings resulting from the brutal killings of African Americans have positioned the U.S. on the precipice of immense social and political change. This transitory period is marked by an amalgamation of social, political, and cultural influences. However, the continued exhibition of Confederate monuments inexorably stymies the ability to remedy …
Nobody's Business: A Novel Theory Of The Anonymous First Amendment, Jordan Wallace-Wolf
Nobody's Business: A Novel Theory Of The Anonymous First Amendment, Jordan Wallace-Wolf
Faculty Scholarship
Namelessness is a double-edged sword. It can be a way of avoiding prejudice and focusing attention on one's ideas, but it can also be a license to defame and misinform. These points have been widely discussed. Still, the breadth of these discussions has left some of the depths unplumbed, because rarely is the question explicitly faced: what is the normative significance of namelessness itself, as opposed to its effects under different conditions? My answer is that anonymity is an evasion of responsibility for one's conduct. Persons should ordinarily be held responsible for what they do, but in some cases, where …
Patent Inconsistency, Saurabh Vishnubhakat
Patent Inconsistency, Saurabh Vishnubhakat
Faculty Scholarship
Despite the promise of efficiency through the use of expert agency adjudication in U.S. patent law, administrative substitution continues to fall short. In a variety of ways, the decade-old system of Patent Office adjudication is simply an additional place to litigate rather than the robust technocratic alternative it was meant to be. These problems have arisen from important defects in the statutory design, but also from the enormous expansion and ascendancy of the Patent Office itself. Moreover, while duplicative litigation over patent validity is recognized and criticized, its scale and scope has eluded detailed empirical analysis until now. This Article …
Threat And Emotions: Mobilizing And Attitudinal Outcomes Of A Ballistic Missile Scare, Christopher Robertson
Threat And Emotions: Mobilizing And Attitudinal Outcomes Of A Ballistic Missile Scare, Christopher Robertson
Faculty Scholarship
This study examines the false ballistic missile alert that occurred in Hawaii in 2018, which presented a unique opportunity for assessing the civic and mobilizing outcomes of a threat. In the days that followed the scare, we conducted an online experiment to investigate its effects on willingness to engage in activism and concerns about broader issues. Our results show that emotions serve as an important mechanism for channeling threat experiences into concern about specific causes. Those most emotionally affected by the missile scare in Hawaii thought it more important to engage in activities to control the spread of nuclear weapons, …
Rights Retrenchment In Immigration Law, Catherine Y. Kim
Rights Retrenchment In Immigration Law, Catherine Y. Kim
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Proxy Crimes, Piotr Bystranowski, Murat C. Mungan
Proxy Crimes, Piotr Bystranowski, Murat C. Mungan
Faculty Scholarship
“Proxy crimes” is a phrase loosely used to refer to conduct that is punished only as a means to target other harmful conduct. Many criminal law scholars find the criminalization of this type of conduct unjustifiable from a retributivist perspective, while others note that proxy criminalization can contribute to mass incarceration and overcriminalization. Given the importance of these problems, a systematic analysis of proxy crimes, currently absent in the criminal law literature, is needed.
In this article, we provide a comprehensive analysis of proxy crimes by (i) surveying the existing literature and identifying gaps in prior analyses, (ii) proposing a …
The Partnership Mystique: Law Firm Finance And Governance For The 21st Century American Law Firm, Maya Steinitz
The Partnership Mystique: Law Firm Finance And Governance For The 21st Century American Law Firm, Maya Steinitz
Faculty Scholarship
This Article identifies and analyzes the de facto and de jure end of lawyers' exclusivity over the practice of law in the United States. This development will have profound implications for the legal profession, the careers of individual lawyers, and the justice system as a whole.
First, the Article argues that various financial products that have recently flooded the legal market are functionally equivalent to investing in and owning law firms and create all the same governance challenges as allowing nonlawyers to directly own stock in law firms.
Second, the Article analyzes Arizona's groundbreaking legalization of nonlawyer participation in law …
Decoding Nondelegation After Gundy: What The Experience In State Courts Tells Us About What To Expect When We're Expecting, Daniel E. Walters
Decoding Nondelegation After Gundy: What The Experience In State Courts Tells Us About What To Expect When We're Expecting, Daniel E. Walters
Faculty Scholarship
The nondelegation doctrine theoretically limits Congress’s ability to delegate legislative powers to the executive agencies that make up the modern administrative state. Yet, in practice, the U.S. Supreme Court has, since the New Deal, shied away from enforcing any limits on congressional delegation. That may change in the near future. In Gundy v. United States, the Court narrowly upheld a delegation, and a dissent signaled deep doubts about the Court’s longstanding “intelligible principle” standard and offered a new framework to replace it. Subsequent events strongly suggest that the Court is poised to move in the direction contemplated by the dissent …
Boston Globe Interviews Vinay Harpalani: Supreme Court Agrees To Hear Harvard Affirmative Action Case, Could Cause ‘Huge Ripple Effect’ In College Admissions, Vinay Harpalani, Laura Krantz, Deirdre Fernandes
Boston Globe Interviews Vinay Harpalani: Supreme Court Agrees To Hear Harvard Affirmative Action Case, Could Cause ‘Huge Ripple Effect’ In College Admissions, Vinay Harpalani, Laura Krantz, Deirdre Fernandes
Faculty Scholarship
EXCERPT
Harvard has already said that if it abandoned race-conscious admissions, African-American and Hispanic representation would decline by nearly half.
Still, the Supreme Court could surprise the country, said Vinay Harpalani, an associate law professor at the University of New Mexico School of Law, possibly curbing the use of affirmative action rather than ending it altogether.
“Even if Harvard and UNC’s policies are ruled unconstitutional, it will be interesting to see the justices’ opinions and how much they limit affirmative action,” Harpalani said in an e-mail. “The question is just how far will they go?”
Global News Toronto Interviews Joshua Kastenberg: U.S. Supreme Court Blocks Biden Vaccine Mandate, Joshua Kastenberg, Miranda Anthistle
Global News Toronto Interviews Joshua Kastenberg: U.S. Supreme Court Blocks Biden Vaccine Mandate, Joshua Kastenberg, Miranda Anthistle
Faculty Scholarship
The Supreme Court rejected the Biden Administration’s workplace vaccine mandate which would require employees at large businesses to be vaccinated or undergo weekly testing.
Constitutional law expert Joshua Kastenberg shares that this decision is not quite as bleak as one might think. He even has some advice for POTUS.
Historical Disproportional Placement Of Students In Special Education Based On Race And Ethnicity, Margaret A. Dalton
Historical Disproportional Placement Of Students In Special Education Based On Race And Ethnicity, Margaret A. Dalton
Faculty Scholarship
This commentary, presented at the Practicing Law Institute in San Francisco on September 12, 2022, takes a look back at the 1970s, when the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals attempted to remedy the disproportionate placement of black students into isolated special education classrooms. As a result of legal challenges, the 9th Circuit granted an injunction to halt the practice of placing students in classrooms for the "educable mentally retarded" based solely on IQ tests. The challenge since that time has been how to identify and use culturally sensitive testing to determine ability levels, when some states, including California, forbid the …