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Articles 151 - 177 of 177
Full-Text Articles in Law
The 'Source Of Law' In The Panama Canal Zone, Joseph H. Drake
The 'Source Of Law' In The Panama Canal Zone, Joseph H. Drake
Articles
A case just decided in the Supreme Court of the United States, coming to that court from the Canal Zone, shows the great difficulties under which our courts labor when they are called on to interpret and administer the law in our extra-continental possessions. The courts have apparently had the most difficulty in amalgamating the Roman law and the common law in cases involving questions of delictual liability. In the case of Fernandez v. Perez (1906), 202 U. S. 80, the procedural question was presented as to the validity of an action on the case for the wrongful levy of …
A Modern Evolution In Remedial Rights - The Declaratory Judgment, Edson R. Sunderland
A Modern Evolution In Remedial Rights - The Declaratory Judgment, Edson R. Sunderland
Articles
In early times the basis of jurisdiction is the existence and the constant assertion of physical power over the parties to the action, but as civilization advances the mere existence of such power tends to make its exercise less and less essential. If this is true, it must be because there is something in civilization itself which diminishes the necessity for a resort to actual force in sustaining the judgments of courts. And it is quite clear that civilization does supply an element which is theoretically capable of entirely supplanting the exercise of force in the assertion of jurisdiction. This …
Prohibiting Advertising On Walls And Buildings Under The Police Power, W. Gordon Stoner
Prohibiting Advertising On Walls And Buildings Under The Police Power, W. Gordon Stoner
Articles
There have been many unsuccessful attempts by city authorities of late to abolish or prevent unsightly billboards and advertising. In a recent case A was arrested and fined for violating a city ordinance prohibiting the display of advertising matter on walls and buildings within the city without the consent of the city council. On refusal to pay the fine A was held in the custody of the city marshal, and brought habeas corpus to secure his release. The court held that the affidavit charged no violation of the ordinance unless it were construed as prohibiting the painting of any sign …
Liability Of Public Officer For The Loss Of Private Funds Entrusted To His Keeping, W. Gordon Stoner
Liability Of Public Officer For The Loss Of Private Funds Entrusted To His Keeping, W. Gordon Stoner
Articles
There is much contrariety of decision concerning the liability of public officers for the loss of funds with which they have been entrusted. A recent case illustrates some of the more important phases of the law of such a situation. People for use of Hoyt et al. v. McGrath et al. (Ill. 1917), I17 N. E. 74. In this case the public brought an action of debt on the official bond of the clerk of court for the use of Hoyt and others. Usees had tendered into court a sum of money which the clerk took under the court's order …
The Liability Of The Common Carrier As Determined By The Recent Decisions Of The United States Supreme Court, Edwin C. Goddard
The Liability Of The Common Carrier As Determined By The Recent Decisions Of The United States Supreme Court, Edwin C. Goddard
Articles
An understanding of the present day liability of the common carrier under conditions as they exist, especially in interstate shipments, is best reached by an historical journey from the early decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States to the end of the year just past.
Construction Of 'Survival Act' And 'Death Act' In Michigan, Thomas A. Bogle
Construction Of 'Survival Act' And 'Death Act' In Michigan, Thomas A. Bogle
Articles
It is known as the "Death Act." It was enacted in i848, amended in 1873, and follows closely Lord Campbell's Act. In the, construction of these acts, troublesome questions have arisen, difficulties have been encountered, different theories urged, different views entertained, different conclusions reached, and different opinions rendered, respecting the number of actions that can be maintained under them, the circumstances that invoke one rather than the other, the measure of damages applicable, respectively, and certain questions of practice as to the joinder of counts and the amendment of pleadings. The statement would hardly he justified that all these questions …
Limitation Of The Amount Of The Common Carrier's Liability, Edwin C. Goddard
Limitation Of The Amount Of The Common Carrier's Liability, Edwin C. Goddard
Articles
When the case of Railroad v. Lockwood, 17 Wall. (U. S.) 357, settled the law that the common carrier can not contract against liability for losses due to his negligence, it did not put an end to the efforts of common carriers to escape liability for losses so arising.
Contract Limitations Of The Common Carrier's Liability, Edwin C. Goddard
Contract Limitations Of The Common Carrier's Liability, Edwin C. Goddard
Articles
When Mr. Justice NELSON, in the New Jersey Steam Navigation Company v. Merchants Bank, speaking of the power of a common carrier by special agreement to restrict his obligation, said for the court: "We are unable to perceive any well founded objection to the restriction," he opened the way for an amount of litigation which, in volume and expense, both to carriers and shippers, scarcely finds its equal on any other question. The Supreme Court of North Carolina was well within the limit when it said: "The right of a common carrier to limit or diminish his general liability by …
Influence Of Social And Economic Ideals On The Law Of Malicious Torts, W. Gordon Stoner
Influence Of Social And Economic Ideals On The Law Of Malicious Torts, W. Gordon Stoner
Articles
"The existence and the alteration of human institutions," says DICEY, "must in a sense, always and everywhere depend upon the beliefs or feelings, or, in other words, upon the opinion of the society in which such institutions flourish."1 Undoubtedly, law, as much as any other human institution, has felt this influence of public opinion. The political, economical and ethical ideals of a people find expression in their laws. True it is that public opinion is usually, if not always, in the lead, but in a truly happy and contented society the distance is never great. As MAINE says, in progressive …
The Degree Of Care Required In The Operation Of A Scenic Railway, Ralph W. Aigler
The Degree Of Care Required In The Operation Of A Scenic Railway, Ralph W. Aigler
Articles
The case of O'Callaghan v. Dellwood Park Co., - Ill. -, 89 N. E. 1005. decided by the supreme court of Illinois, October 26, 1909, is of interest because of the holding of owners and operators of scenic railways to the same high degree of care required of railroads and common carriers of passengers in general. The action was in case for the recovery of damages for injuries suffered by the plaintiff by reason of having been thrown out of a car on defendant's scenic railway. The plaintiff had paid the usual charge for the ride and was, at the …
Liability Of Water Companies For Losses By Fire In Actions Of Tort, Ralph W. Aigler
Liability Of Water Companies For Losses By Fire In Actions Of Tort, Ralph W. Aigler
Articles
In Fisher v. Greensboro Water Supply Company, 128 N. C. 375, it was held that the defendant water company was liable in damages in an action of tort for negligent failure to furnish sufficient water pressure in the mains of the city, by reason of which negligence the plaintiff's house was burned. The only duty on the part of the defendant to furnish water grew out of a contract made by the company with the city and the fact that the defendant had entered upon the business of supplying water pursuant to such contract.
Fright Without Physical Impact But Resulting In Physical Injury, Joseph H. Drake
Fright Without Physical Impact But Resulting In Physical Injury, Joseph H. Drake
Articles
The recent Maryland case of Green v. T. A. Shoemaker & Co., reported in 73 Atlantic Reporter, 688, (June, 1909) puts this jurisdiction squarely on the side of those courts that do allow recovery for fright alone, if physical injury is caused thereby. The court confesses that "the numerical weight of authority supports the general rule that there can be no recovery for nervous affections unaccompanied by contemporaneous physical injury," but nevertheless holds firmly with the minority of the courts to the view that there are exceptions to this rule and that this case falls within the exceptions.
Limitation Of A Carrier's Liability For Negligence, Edson R. Sunderland
Limitation Of A Carrier's Liability For Negligence, Edson R. Sunderland
Articles
Limitation of a Carrier's Liability for Negligence.-This is one of the subjects which never seems to be set at rest. In making contracts, shipper and carrier do not stand upon an equality. The shipper cannot exist without the aid of the carrier, but the carrier can easily forego the business of any particular shipper. Hence the ordinary rules of contract fail in many respects to meet the demands of the situation. To properly define the limitations necessary to be placed upon these rules is not an easy task.
The Liability Of Charitable Corporations For The Torts Of Their Servants, Harry B. Hutchins
The Liability Of Charitable Corporations For The Torts Of Their Servants, Harry B. Hutchins
Articles
The Liability of Charitable Corporations for the Torts of their Servants.--This question was discussed quite fully in the last number of the REVIEW, pp. 552-559, under the title Liability of Hospitals for the Negligence of their Physicians and Nurses, particular attention being given to the reasons underlying the doctrine that charitable corporations are not liable for the negligence of their servants, provided proper care has been exercised in their selection, and to the limitations within which that doctrine should be confined. It was concluded that the true reason for the doctrine is not to be found, as many cases apparently …
Liability Of Hospitals For The Negligence Of Their Physicians And Nurses, Harry B. Hutchins
Liability Of Hospitals For The Negligence Of Their Physicians And Nurses, Harry B. Hutchins
Articles
Liability of Hospitals for the Negligence of their Physicians and Nurses.-This question was recently examined by the Supreme Court of Utah in the case of Gitzhoffen v. Sisters of Holy Cross Hospital Association, 88 Pac. Rep. 691 (Jan. 26, 1907), and the opinion filed may well serve as a basis for comment. The hospital association was sued for damages for injuries that plaintiff claimed to have sustained through the negligence of defendant's nurses.
Liability Of Water Companies For Fire Losses, Edson R. Sunderland
Liability Of Water Companies For Fire Losses, Edson R. Sunderland
Articles
In two recent articles published'in this Review, the question of the liability of water companies for fire losses was somewhat exhaustively discussed. The majority of the actions wherein it has been sought to hold water companies liable for fire losses suffered by private property owners, have been brought for breach of contract. In a few cases the theory adopted was that the water company owed a duty to all property owners, by reason of the public character of its service; and the fact that it was under contract with the city to furnish an adequate water supply and pressure for …
The Liability Of Water Companies For Fire Losses, Edson R. Sunderland
The Liability Of Water Companies For Fire Losses, Edson R. Sunderland
Articles
It is a general principle, of very wide application, that a municipal corporation, in the absence of a statute, is not obliged to undertake the execution of governmental functions respecting the health, peace or property of its citizens. Nor is such corporation liable for the insufficient or negligent execution of such functions in case it undertakes to perform them. The ground of this exemption is that the municipality, in these matters, exercises discretionary powers conferred upon it by the state, and acts, not for itself in its corporate capacity, but for the general public as an agent of the central …
Liability Of Railroad Companies For Medical Services Rendered To Injured Employees And Others, Harry B. Hutchins
Liability Of Railroad Companies For Medical Services Rendered To Injured Employees And Others, Harry B. Hutchins
Articles
Although it has been held that, by virtue of the relation between them, the employer is bound to furnish medical aid to his sick or injured employee,1 yet, at the present time, according to the general concensus of opinion, this is not the law.
Preferences Arising From Trust Relations, Harry B. Hutchins
Preferences Arising From Trust Relations, Harry B. Hutchins
Articles
Where property has once been impressed with a trust, the quality inheres therein and in the proceeds thereof so long as the trust relation continues, provided the rights of a bonafide purchaser for value and without notice do not intervene and identification remain possible. The trust impress, in the absence of a superior equity, at once places property in the preferred class. In equity, trust property belongs to the cesiui que trust, and his claim to it cannot be defeated by the insolvency or dishonesty of the trustee, if it constitutes, in an identifiable form, a part of the trustee's …
Authority Of Allen V. Flood, Horace Lafayette Wilgus
Authority Of Allen V. Flood, Horace Lafayette Wilgus
Articles
In the case of Allen v. Flood, one of the Lords asked this interesting question, "If the cook says to her master, 'Discharge the butler or I leave you,' and the master discharges the butler, does the butler have an action against the cook?" This, Lord Shand said, was the simplest form in which the very question in Allen v. Flood could be raised.4 And, like the original question, it puzzled the judges and Lords very much to answer.
Authority Of Allen V. Flood, Horace Lafayette Wilgus
Authority Of Allen V. Flood, Horace Lafayette Wilgus
Articles
In the case of Allen v. Flood, one of the Lords asked this interesting question, "If the cook says to her master, 'Discharge the butler or I leave you,' and the master discharges the butler, does the butler have an action against the cook?"' This, Lord Shand said, was the simplest form in which the very question in Allen v. Flood could be raised.
Liability Of Public Officers To Private Actions For Neglect Of Official Duty, Thomas M. Cooley
Liability Of Public Officers To Private Actions For Neglect Of Official Duty, Thomas M. Cooley
Articles
A public office is a public trust.The incumbent has a property right in it, but the office is conferred, not for his benefit, but for the benefit of the political society. The duties imposed upon the officer are supposed to be capable of classification under one of three heads: the legislative, executive, or judicial; and to pertain, accordingly, to one of the three departments of the government designated by these names. But the classification cannot be very exact, and there are numerous officers who cannot be classified at all under these heads. The reason will be apparent if we name …
The Cases In Which The Master Is Liable For Injuries To Servants In His Employ, Thomas M. Cooley
The Cases In Which The Master Is Liable For Injuries To Servants In His Employ, Thomas M. Cooley
Articles
The frequency with which questions arise, and become the subject of legal controversy, concerning the liability of an employer to persons receiving injuries in his service, must be the excuse for the present paper. The legal questions have recently received the attention of many able jurists, and several of the difficulties which surrounded the general subject but a few years ago may now be considered permanently removed. The purpose here will be, to present the general rules which have been laid down by the authorities, with some of the reasons on which they are based.
Incidental Injuries From Exercise Of Lawful Rights, Thomas M. Cooley
Incidental Injuries From Exercise Of Lawful Rights, Thomas M. Cooley
Articles
In the present paper those cases will be considered in which one person suffers an injury in consequence of the exercise by another person of his legal rights. Many such cases occur in which, although the injury may be severe, the law will award no compensation, there being no tort in the case because there is an absence of that wrong the concurrence of which with damage is essential to an action. Negligence might supply the wrong, but we now speak of cases of which that is not an element.
Incidental Injuries From Exercise Of Lawful Rights, Thomas M. Cooley
Incidental Injuries From Exercise Of Lawful Rights, Thomas M. Cooley
Articles
In the present paper those cases will be considered in which one person suffers an injury in consequence of the exercise by another person of his legal rights. Many such cases occur in which, although the injury may be severe, the law will award no compensation, there being no tort in the case because there is an absence of that wrong the concurrence of which with damage is essential to an action. Negligence might supply the wrong, but we now speak of cases of which that is not an element.
Of The Right To Waive A Tort And Sue In Assumpsit, Thomas M. Cooley
Of The Right To Waive A Tort And Sue In Assumpsit, Thomas M. Cooley
Articles
The distinctions between an action for a tort and one upon contract are such that where the one will lie the other generally will not; but there are nevertheless some cases in which either may be brought at the election of the party injured. Thus, it is sometimes the case, that, in a business relation, the law makes it the duty of a party to observe a certain course of conduct with regard to the rights of others, where by contract he has also undertaken for the same thing; and in such a case a breach of duty is coincident …
Of The Right To Waive A Tort And Sue In Assumpsit, Thomas M. Cooley
Of The Right To Waive A Tort And Sue In Assumpsit, Thomas M. Cooley
Articles
The distinctions between an action for a tort and one upon contract are such that where the one will lie the other generally will not; but there are nevertheless some cases in which either may be brought at the election of the party injured. Thus, it is sometimes the case, that, in a business relation, the law makes it the duty of a party to observe a certain course of conduct with regard to the rights of others, where by contract he has also undertaken for the same thing; and in such a case a breach of duty is coincident …