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Articles 31 - 60 of 411
Full-Text Articles in Law
Cetacean Cultural Rights: A Third Generation Of Rights At Sea, David Peña-Guzmán
Cetacean Cultural Rights: A Third Generation Of Rights At Sea, David Peña-Guzmán
Animal Law Review
This Article discusses the cultural rights of cetaceans, as articulated in the 2010 Declaration on the Rights of Cetaceans. It argues that these rights qualify as "third-generation rights," meaning groups of cetaceans -- as opposed to individuals -- have the right to the protection of their respective cultures. The Article begins with an account of the history of third-generation rights in international human rights law. It then examines how the concept of third-generation rights can carry over into the animal rights movement. The article proposes three criteria for determining whether a group qualifies for third-generation rights. Then, it demonstrates that …
2020 Litigation Review, Isaac Conzatti
2020 Litigation Review, Isaac Conzatti
Animal Law Review
This Litigation Review covers a varied selection of animal law related litigation that occurred in the year 2020. The coronavirus pandemic did not slow down the offenses or injustices committed against animals nor the litigation initiated on behalf of animals. While some animal-centered litigation experienced some setbacks in 2020, others sparked legislative initiatives to further protect the interests of animals. Some recent litigation highlights the need for more advocacy and legislation in order to overcome barriers imposed by lobbyists and other special interest groups. Other sections expose how pro-animal legislation has received challenges from opponents who seek to cripple protections …
A Quantitative Study Of Denver's Breed-Specific Legislation, Sloane M. Hawes, Devrim Ikizler, Katy Loughney, Aurora Temple Barnes Esq., Justin F. Marceau, Philip Tedeschi, Kevin N. Morris
A Quantitative Study Of Denver's Breed-Specific Legislation, Sloane M. Hawes, Devrim Ikizler, Katy Loughney, Aurora Temple Barnes Esq., Justin F. Marceau, Philip Tedeschi, Kevin N. Morris
Animal Law Review
In August of 1989, the City and County of Denver, Colorado enacted legislation that prohibits the presence of all ‘pit bull-type dogs’ (PBTDs) within the city limits. In Denver, PBTDs are defined as: American pit bull terrier, American Staffordshire terrier, or Staffordshire bull terrier. In the thirty years the ‘pit bull ban’ has been in place, the City and County of Denver and its animal control agency, Denver Animal Protection, have committed substantial resources to removing PBTDs from the community, including patrolling communities and responding to complaints made by neighbors, conducting thorough breed evaluations of suspected PBTDs, and kenneling PBTDs …
Front Matter
Animal Law Review
Front Matter includes Title Page, Masthead, advisors, and Table of Contents for Animal Law Review Volume 26, Issue 2, 2020.
The Regulatory Vacuum: How Marijuana's Schedule I Status Imperils Endangered Species In The Emerald Triangle, Jeffrey Bausch Jr.
The Regulatory Vacuum: How Marijuana's Schedule I Status Imperils Endangered Species In The Emerald Triangle, Jeffrey Bausch Jr.
Animal Law Review
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (the Service) is unable to adequately address Endangered Species Act (ESA) petitions because marijuana’s Schedule I status creates a regulatory vacuum. Marijuana growers use pesticides, many of which are lethal at certain concentrations. Typically, these pesticides are highly regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Farmers may only use pesticides specifically prescribed for use on the plant or crop. EPA has been unable to research or register pesticides for use on marijuana plants, and as a result, growers use pesticides at abnormally high concentrations. Wildlife in northern California and Oregon are directly harmed as …
Reputation, Regulatory Capture, And Reform: The Case Of New Zealand's Bobby Calves, Danielle Duffield
Reputation, Regulatory Capture, And Reform: The Case Of New Zealand's Bobby Calves, Danielle Duffield
Animal Law Review
In 2015, two animal rights organizations in New Zealand released undercover footage exposing widespread cruelty to some of the country’s most vulnerable, and invisible, farm animals: young male calves born into the dairy industry. The footage shocked the New Zealand public. In order to put pressure on the government to adopt meaningful reforms for the protection of these animals, an animal rights organization, Save Animals From Exploitation, placed advertisements in The Guardian highlighting the cruelty in the New Zealand dairy industry. The resulting publicity led to an unprecedented response from the regulating agency, the Ministry for Primary Industries, which swiftly …
Toward An Interspecies Right To Breastfeed, Mathilde Cohen
Toward An Interspecies Right To Breastfeed, Mathilde Cohen
Animal Law Review
Milk is young mammals’ primary food. Yet, lactating animals raised for their milk, such as cows and goats, are subject to extreme forms of violence and control preventing them from breastfeeding their own young. Numerous human parents also lack the legal, economic, social, and emotional support they need to nurse their children. At one level, the situation of humans and that of farmed animals is incommensurable in that the latter’s reproductive and lactating capacity is typically exploited and rewarded by death when unprofitable. At another level, lactating animals of all species are in a related social status. Lactating parents, typically …
Feeding Fido: The Case For Restitution In Ohio Animal Cruelty Convictions, Mary Walsh
Feeding Fido: The Case For Restitution In Ohio Animal Cruelty Convictions, Mary Walsh
Animal Law Review
This Note reviews Ohio animal cruelty convictions and makes an argument that restitution should be paid in those cases to the caretakers of the seized animals. First, this Note walks through the changing status of animals under the law from strictly property to the first anti-cruelty statutes imposed in Ohio. There is further discussion of what restitution means in cases like anti-cruelty and why it matters. The discussion then turns to why the current allowed financial sanctions are not enough to pay the fees required in housing and taking care of seized animals. Several cases in Ohio where restitution was …
2019 State Legislative Review, Diego Alfonso Gutierrez, Benjamin Lee Cregger
2019 State Legislative Review, Diego Alfonso Gutierrez, Benjamin Lee Cregger
Animal Law Review
This Review examines the significant changes and additions to different states’ laws throughout 2019. Among those significantly affected by these changes are farm animals, wildlife, and companion animals. ‘Ag-Gag’ and ‘Right to Farm’ bills began to flourish, but opponents have seen success in challenging their constitutionality. Wild animals found protection in fur and trapping bans, in addition to bans on killing contests. Companion animals continue to gain legal and physical protection through strengthened cruelty laws. These are a few of the many bills, regulations, and laws that impacted animals in 2019. Although some protections and regulations have seen cuts and …
Front Matter
Animal Law Review
Front Matter includes Title Page, Masthead, advisors, and Table of Contents for Animal Law Review Volume 26, Issue 1, 2020.
A Taxonomy Of Class Actions For Animals In The United States, Tess Vickery
A Taxonomy Of Class Actions For Animals In The United States, Tess Vickery
Animal Law Review
Class actions are commonly used to redress mass wrongs against humans— but what about mass wrongs against animals? This Article provides a comprehensive overview of the types of animal-related class actions that have been filed in the United States, predominantly in the field of consumer law, and explores how these actions can be used as a strategic tool to advance protections for animals within the confines of their legal status as property. This Article also highlights the challenges that have been faced by these animal-related class actions in obtaining class certification pursuant to Rule 23 and offers some practical strategies …
The Meaning Of Meat, Jareb Gleckel, Sherry F. Colb
The Meaning Of Meat, Jareb Gleckel, Sherry F. Colb
Animal Law Review
Plant-based and cell-based meat companies are vying to take over the trillion-dollar meat industry—and, in recent years, they have gained momentum. Responding to consumer demand and widespread fear about global climate change, investors like Bill Gates, Richard Branson, and even Tyson Foods began investing in alternative meat. Beyond Meat became a publicly traded company and partnered with Dunkin’ Donuts, while Impossible Foods partnered with Burger King, bringing plant-based meat products into the mainstream. But many states with strong ties to animal agriculture have sought to impede the growth of the alternative-meat market. In August 2018, Missouri became the first state …
The Archaic Attempts To Protect Nonhuman Suffering: Suggestions For The Advancement Of Legislative Regulation Of Online Depictions Of Animal Cruelty, Alana Van Gundy
The Archaic Attempts To Protect Nonhuman Suffering: Suggestions For The Advancement Of Legislative Regulation Of Online Depictions Of Animal Cruelty, Alana Van Gundy
Animal Law Review
The Internet is often used to disseminate acts of cruelty to nonhuman animals through social media postings, live feeds, remote-controlled Internet hunting, and industry videos, such as dogfighting and crush videos. Some state and federal laws regulate the depiction of animal cruelty online, either directly or indirectly. However, current statutory regulations do not fully address or completely prohibit the viewing, promoting, and depicting of animal cruelty online. Preventing Internet animal cruelty requires new or revised legislation encompassing the marketing, promoting, and depicting of online animal suffering. While more specific laws are necessary, legislators must consider numerous issues and potential ramifications …
Pets As Property: Signs Of Change In The Law Of Judgment Collections, Sande L. Buhai
Pets As Property: Signs Of Change In The Law Of Judgment Collections, Sande L. Buhai
Animal Law Review
Americans are deeply connected to their companion animals, regardless of what protections the law affords animals. Because the law follows culture, recent legislative and judicial developments have begun to reflect the bonds formed between human and nonhuman animals. This Article first highlights how courts and society viewed animals in the twentieth century to the present day, focusing on how courts have struck a balance between protecting animals yet still classifying them as property. While the law still views companion animals as property, this Article highlights the interstitial “property-but-not-property” framework courts use to consider the interests of animals in debt collection …
Oversight Of Animal Raising Claims On Product Packaging: A Review Of Jurisdiction And Challenges To Label Claims, Erin Sutherland, Adrienne Craig
Oversight Of Animal Raising Claims On Product Packaging: A Review Of Jurisdiction And Challenges To Label Claims, Erin Sutherland, Adrienne Craig
Animal Law Review
This Article discusses federal and state oversight of label claims found on meat, poultry, egg, and dairy packaging and mechanisms for challenging misleading or false label claims. Part I introduces why label claims are so critical to animal welfare interests and discusses how false labeling and false advertising exacerbate the problem. Part II discusses the federal regulatory structure over animal-raising claims made on these products. Part III of this Article discusses state causes of action under consumer protection statutes. Part IV discusses the successes and failures public interest groups have had in challenging label claims and attempting to reform the …
Joining The Herd: A Case For Closing New Zealand's Domestic Ivory Market, Bianka Atlas
Joining The Herd: A Case For Closing New Zealand's Domestic Ivory Market, Bianka Atlas
Animal Law Review
This Article examines the evidence supporting the implementation of a domestic ivory trade ban in New Zealand, with the aim of informing policymakers and compelling the New Zealand government to act to establish a legal and policy framework. There is widespread support for the closure of domestic ivory markets worldwide, and this Article seeks to persuade New Zealand to join this groundswell.
2019 Foreign And International Legislative Review, Daryane Couto
2019 Foreign And International Legislative Review, Daryane Couto
Animal Law Review
This Review offers a review of foreign and international animal protection legislation enacted or proposed in the year 2019. Included are propositions by categorically international actors, such as CITES and the UN, for regulating international wildlife trade and drafting a high-seas conservation treaty. Additionally, this Review reports how some countries, such as Slovakia, Colombia, and the United Kingdom, are finally putting an end to cruel, archaic animal practices. Finally, the recognition of animal sentience in the Australian Capital Territory, and legislation that closes the gap in Canada’s Criminal Code, are addressed. Together, these changes in foreign and international animal law …
2019 Federal Legislative Review, Patricia Estrella
2019 Federal Legislative Review, Patricia Estrella
Animal Law Review
The 116th Congress was historic for many reasons, and one of those reasons was major legislative progress for animals. In 2019, the Preventing Animal Cruelty and Torture Act passed,criminalizing the underlying cruelty acts in animal crushing videos. Furthermore, Congress ended the sale of healthy wild horses and burros for slaughter and committed to giving financial rewards for tips on international wildlife trafficking. Additionally, many more bills were introduced in the House of Representatives and the Senate, such as the Courthouse Dog Act and the Refuge From Cruel Trapping Act. While it is still unclear whether all the bills introduced to …
People Who Hurt Animals Don't Stop With Animals: The Use Of Cross-Checking Domestic Violence And Animal Abuse Registries In New Jersey To Protect The Vulnerable, Emerald Sheay
Animal Law Review
This Note explores the link between domestic violence and animal abuse and argues that due to such a link, New Jersey should enact a publicly searchable, cross-checking animal abuse registry and a domestic violence registry. Numerous studies confirm the connection between domestic violence and animal abuse. By examining the scope and history of these abuses, and exploring the status of registries in various states, this Note aims to explain the problems these issues pose to our society. Enacting these registries in New Jersey could keep law enforcement aware of illegal activity, reveal child abuse, and prevent the online selling of …
Paid In Full: Interpreting And Defining "Market Value" Under The Lacey Act, Max Birmingham
Paid In Full: Interpreting And Defining "Market Value" Under The Lacey Act, Max Birmingham
Animal Law Review
There is a circuit split on the definition of “market value” under the Lacey Act. Courts disagree whether the price of hunting guide services should be factored into calculating the market value of the wildlife hunted. But the purpose of the Lacey Act suggests a broad interpretation of market value which includes guide services. This Article proposes amending the Lacey Act to make clear the definition of market value in keeping with its original purpose.
2018 State Legislative Review, Emma Therrien
2018 State Legislative Review, Emma Therrien
Animal Law Review
There were several important changes to animal protection in the United States in 2018. California became the first state to ban cosmetic testing on animals and also made improvements for a handful of species used in factory farming. Prop 12 was passed, increasing minimum size standards for these species, but the most drastic change was the banning of eggs produced by egg-laying hens housed in cages—effectively prohibiting the use of cages for these birds in the state and the sale of eggs from producers that use cages in production facilities out of state. Florida and New Jersey made influential advancements …
The Animal Welfare Act At Fifty Conference At Harvard Law School Introduction, Delcianna Winders
The Animal Welfare Act At Fifty Conference At Harvard Law School Introduction, Delcianna Winders
Animal Law Review
Delcianna Winders introduces the Animal Welfare Act at Fifty Conference.
Animal Welfare Act: Welfare Standards, Cathy Liss, Kimberly Ockene, Naomi Rose, Georgia Hancock Snusz, Anna Frostic
Animal Welfare Act: Welfare Standards, Cathy Liss, Kimberly Ockene, Naomi Rose, Georgia Hancock Snusz, Anna Frostic
Animal Law Review
Cathy Liss discusses the changes to the standards after the 1985 Improved Standards for Laboratory Animals amendment to the AWA and the emphasis of performance standards that were implemented. Kimberly Ockene discusses the AWA regulations for commercial dog breeders and a petition for rulemaking that seeks to enhance these regulations. Naomi A. Rose and Georgia Hancock Snusz discuss captive marine mammals and their coverage under the AWA. Lastly, Anna Frostic speaks about public handling of exotic animals held at licensed exhibitors, which are regulated under the Act.
Front Matter
Animal Law Review
Front Matter includes Title Page, Masthead, advisors, and Table of Contents for Animal Law Review Volume 25, Issue 3, 2019.
The Struggle For The Legal Rights Of Nonhuman Animals Begins: The Experience Of The Nonhuman Rights Project In New York And Connecticut, Steven M. Wise
The Struggle For The Legal Rights Of Nonhuman Animals Begins: The Experience Of The Nonhuman Rights Project In New York And Connecticut, Steven M. Wise
Animal Law Review
Twenty-five years ago, in the first issue of Animal Law, the author offered an account of why legal rights do not need to be restricted to human beings. Here the author expands upon that account to provide a review of the ongoing struggle of the Nonhuman Rights Project (NhRP) to obtain legal rights for nonhuman animals. The author outlines habeas corpus cases the NhRP has brought on behalf of chimpanzees and elephants in New York and Connecticut and provides a view of the New York and Connecticut Pet Trust Statutes, which grant domestic or pet animals the right to be …
Ruminations On Twenty-Five Years Of Animal Law, Joan E. Schaffner
Ruminations On Twenty-Five Years Of Animal Law, Joan E. Schaffner
Animal Law Review
In this Article, the author tracks the ‘progress’ of the animal law movement over the past twenty-five years, focusing on the perennial ambiguity in the property status of animals and the kinds of harm to animals the law is, and is not, willing to condone, and the power of the media to shed light on these harms. The author also explains how her own work, concentrating on the question of the ‘value’ of animals, has contributed to the field of animal law. In particular, she highlights her work on the problem of legal valuation of companion animals for damages claims, …
Animal Welfare Act: Related Litigation And Other Efforts, Joyce Tischler, Valerie Stanley, Jenni James, Kathy Meyer
Animal Welfare Act: Related Litigation And Other Efforts, Joyce Tischler, Valerie Stanley, Jenni James, Kathy Meyer
Animal Law Review
Joyce Tischler discusses the background of the Animal Welfare Act from the 1971 definitional change of the term “animal” to the 1985 Amendment for improved standards. Her organization, Animal Legal Defense Fund, was the first to litigate the AWA’s terms and the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s regulations. Valerie Stanley expands upon the 1985 Amendment’s requirements regarding primates and the regulatory struggles Animal Legal Defense Fund faced therein. Jenni James discusses Article III standing and the difficulties in getting into court due to a general reluctance to recognize plaintiffs as satisfying standing under the AWA. She also discusses the courts preference …
Animal Welfare Act: Enforcement, Delcianna Winders, Varu Chilakamarri
Animal Welfare Act: Enforcement, Delcianna Winders, Varu Chilakamarri
Animal Law Review
Delcianna Winders discusses the Animal Welfare Act and how the United States Department of Agriculture enforces it. She also provides a critique of the USDA’s enforcement of the AWA, with particular attention to its heavy reliance on warnings and discounted penalties, which in many cases fail to deter regulated entities from violating the AWA. Varu Chilakamarri discusses how animal welfare issues are incorporated into the work of the Department of Justice (DOJ). She provides an overview of the AWA, noting the specific sections that provide for federal court review. Chilakamarri also discusses some of the programmatic steps the DOJ has …
For The Twenty-Fifth Anniversary Of Animal Law, Earl Blumenauer
For The Twenty-Fifth Anniversary Of Animal Law, Earl Blumenauer
Animal Law Review
Foreword to Animal Law Review Volume 25, Issue 3, 2019.
Personal Reflections On Being A Postcolonial Feminist Animal Law Professor, Maneesha Deckha
Personal Reflections On Being A Postcolonial Feminist Animal Law Professor, Maneesha Deckha
Animal Law Review
The author reflects on her experiences in the field of animal law. A recurring theme throughout the Article is that the author’s struggle to see herself being part of the animal law at all. This is because mainstream animal law writing has tended to take a liberal legal approach, while the author has focused her work around concepts of intersectionality, feminist, and postcolonial theory in a field she has self-described as “Philosophy, Critical Theory, and Animal Ethics.” Consistent with her intersectional approach, the author highlights how her experience being Canadian, being female, and being ‘radicalized’ have all intersected to shape …