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Articles 1 - 30 of 54
Full-Text Articles in Law
The Iphone Meets The Fourth Amendment, Adam M. Gershowitz
The Iphone Meets The Fourth Amendment, Adam M. Gershowitz
Adam M. Gershowitz
Under the search incident to arrest doctrine, police may search the entire body and immediate grabbing space of an arrestee, including the contents of all containers, without any probable cause. Because almost all traffic infractions are arrestable offenses, police have enormous opportunity to conduct such searches incident to arrest. In the near future, these already high-stakes searches will become even more important because millions of drivers will not only possess containers that hold a few scattered papers, such as wallets or briefcases, but also iPhones—capable of holding tens of thousands of pages of personal information. If current Fourth Amendment jurisprudence …
The Wire As A Gap-Filling Class On Criminal Law And Procedure, Adam M. Gershowitz
The Wire As A Gap-Filling Class On Criminal Law And Procedure, Adam M. Gershowitz
Adam M. Gershowitz
No abstract provided.
Why Arizona V. Gant Is The Wrong Solution To The Warrantless Cell Phone Search Problem, Adam M. Gershowitz
Why Arizona V. Gant Is The Wrong Solution To The Warrantless Cell Phone Search Problem, Adam M. Gershowitz
Adam M. Gershowitz
No abstract provided.
Wina Morning News With Rick And Jane: Interview With Adam Gershowitz, Rick Daniels, Jane Foy, Adam M. Gershowitz
Wina Morning News With Rick And Jane: Interview With Adam Gershowitz, Rick Daniels, Jane Foy, Adam M. Gershowitz
Adam M. Gershowitz
No abstract provided.
The Death Penalty For Child Rape: Why Texas May Help Louisiana, Adam M. Gershowitz
The Death Penalty For Child Rape: Why Texas May Help Louisiana, Adam M. Gershowitz
Adam M. Gershowitz
No abstract provided.
The State (Never) Rests: How Excessive Prosecutor Caseloads Harm Criminal Defendants, Adam M. Gershowitz, Laura R. Killinger
The State (Never) Rests: How Excessive Prosecutor Caseloads Harm Criminal Defendants, Adam M. Gershowitz, Laura R. Killinger
Adam M. Gershowitz
No abstract provided.
The Invisible Pillar Of Gideon, Adam M. Gershowitz
The Invisible Pillar Of Gideon, Adam M. Gershowitz
Adam M. Gershowitz
In 1996, the State of South Carolina charged Larry McVay with common-law robbery. McVay, who was employed part-time and took home less than $160 per week after taxes, claimed that after paying his basic living expenses he had no money left with which to hire an attorney. A South Carolina court disagreed and denied McVay’s request for appointed counsel. Seven years later, Scott Peterson was arrested for the murder of his wife and unborn child in California. Although Peterson owned a home, drove an expensive SUV, and was carrying $10,000 in cash when he was captured, he claimed to be …
The Post-Riley Search Warrant: Search Protocols And Particularity In Cell Phone Searches, Adam M. Gershowitz
The Post-Riley Search Warrant: Search Protocols And Particularity In Cell Phone Searches, Adam M. Gershowitz
Adam M. Gershowitz
Last year, in Riley v. California, the Supreme Court required police to procure a warrant before searching a cell phone. Unfortunately, the Court’s assumption that requiring search warrants would be “simple” and very protective of privacy was overly optimistic. This article reviews lower court decisions in the year since Riley and finds that the search warrant requirement is far less protective than expected. Rather than restricting search warrants to the narrow evidence being sought, some magistrates have issued expansive warrants authorizing a search of the entire contents of the phone with no restrictions whatsoever. Other courts have authorized searches …
Professor Allison Orr Larsen On Daca: Its History, Legal Controversies, And What Lies Ahead, Allison Orr Larsen, Adam M. Gershowitz
Professor Allison Orr Larsen On Daca: Its History, Legal Controversies, And What Lies Ahead, Allison Orr Larsen, Adam M. Gershowitz
Adam M. Gershowitz
In an interview with Professor Adam Gershowitz, William & Mary Law Professor Allison Orr Larsen talks about DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals), which you may know as the law governing DREAMers: what it is, why it is controversial from a legal perspective, recent changes imposed by the Trump administration, challenges to the law, and what may come next.
The Supreme Court's Backwards Proportionaility Jurisprudence: Conparing Judicial Review Of Excessive Criminal Punishments And Excessive Punitive Damages Award, Adam M. Gershowitz
The Supreme Court's Backwards Proportionaility Jurisprudence: Conparing Judicial Review Of Excessive Criminal Punishments And Excessive Punitive Damages Award, Adam M. Gershowitz
Adam M. Gershowitz
No abstract provided.
The Diffusion Of Responsibilty In Capital Clemency, Adam M. Gershowitz
The Diffusion Of Responsibilty In Capital Clemency, Adam M. Gershowitz
Adam M. Gershowitz
No abstract provided.
The Challenge Of Convicting Ethical Prosecutors That Their Profession Has A Brady Problem, Adam M. Gershowitz
The Challenge Of Convicting Ethical Prosecutors That Their Profession Has A Brady Problem, Adam M. Gershowitz
Adam M. Gershowitz
In recent decades, both the media and legal scholars have documented the widespread problem of prosecutors failing to disclose favorable evidence to the defense – so called Brady violations. Despite all of this documentation however, many ethical prosecutors reject the notion that the criminal justice system has a Brady problem. These prosecutors – ethical lawyers who themselves have not been accused of misconduct – believe that the scope of the Brady problem is exaggerated. Why do ethical prosecutors downplay the evidence that some of their colleagues have committed serious errors?
This essay, in honor of Professor Bennett Gershman, points to …
Supreme Court Nominees And The Fourth Circuit Curse, Adam M. Gershowitz
Supreme Court Nominees And The Fourth Circuit Curse, Adam M. Gershowitz
Adam M. Gershowitz
No abstract provided.
Searching Cell Phones Incident To Arrest: Can Courts And Legislatures Impose Limits On A Bright Line Rule?, Adam M. Gershowitz
Searching Cell Phones Incident To Arrest: Can Courts And Legislatures Impose Limits On A Bright Line Rule?, Adam M. Gershowitz
Adam M. Gershowitz
No abstract provided.
Statewide Capital Punishment: The Case For Eliminating Counties’ Role In The Death Penalty, Adam M. Gershowitz
Statewide Capital Punishment: The Case For Eliminating Counties’ Role In The Death Penalty, Adam M. Gershowitz
Adam M. Gershowitz
No abstract provided.
Texting While Driving Meets The Fourth Amendment: Deterring Both Texting And Warrantless Cell Phone Searches, Adam M. Gershowitz
Texting While Driving Meets The Fourth Amendment: Deterring Both Texting And Warrantless Cell Phone Searches, Adam M. Gershowitz
Adam M. Gershowitz
Recent laws criminalizing texting while driving are under-inclusive, ambiguous, and impose light punishments that are unlikely to deter. At the same time, the laws empower police to conduct warrantless searches of drivers’ cell phones. Texting while driving is dangerous and should be punished with stiff fines, possible jail time, license suspensions, and interlock devices that prevent use of phones while driving. However, more severe punishment will not eliminate police authority to conduct warrantless cell phone searches. This Article therefore proposes that legislatures allow drivers to immediately confess to texting while driving in exchange for avoiding a search of their phones. …
Seizing A Cell Phone Incident To Arrest: Data Extraction Devices, Faraday Bags, Or Aluminum Foil As A Solution To The Warrantless Cell Phone Search Problem, Adam M. Gershowitz
Seizing A Cell Phone Incident To Arrest: Data Extraction Devices, Faraday Bags, Or Aluminum Foil As A Solution To The Warrantless Cell Phone Search Problem, Adam M. Gershowitz
Adam M. Gershowitz
No abstract provided.
Symposium: Surprising Unanimity, Even More Surprising Clarity, Adam M. Gershowitz
Symposium: Surprising Unanimity, Even More Surprising Clarity, Adam M. Gershowitz
Adam M. Gershowitz
No abstract provided.
Rethinking The Timing Of Capital Clemency, Adam M. Gershowitz
Rethinking The Timing Of Capital Clemency, Adam M. Gershowitz
Adam M. Gershowitz
This Article reviews every capital clemency over the last four decades. It demonstrates that in the majority of cases, the reason for commutation was known at the conclusion of direct appeals—years or even decades before the habeas process ended. Yet when governors or pardon boards actually commuted the death sentences, they typically waited until the eve of execution, with only days or hours to spare. Leaving clemency until the last minute sometimes leads to many years of unnecessary state and federal habeas corpus litigation, and this Article documents nearly 300 years of wasted habeas corpus review. Additionally, last-minute commutations harm …
Prosecutorial Shaming: Naming Attorneys To Reduce Prosecutorial Misconduct, Adam M. Gershowitz
Prosecutorial Shaming: Naming Attorneys To Reduce Prosecutorial Misconduct, Adam M. Gershowitz
Adam M. Gershowitz
This Article explores the unfortunately large number of instances in which appellate courts reverse convictions for serious prosecutorial misconduct but do not identify the names of the prosecutors who committed that misconduct. Because judges are reluctant to publicly shame prosecutors whose cases are reversed, this Article advocates that a neutral set of third parties undertake the responsibility of publicly identifying prosecutors who have committed serious misconduct. The naming of prosecutors will shame bad actors, provide a valuable pedagogical lesson for junior prosecutors, and signal to trial judges that certain prosecutors must be monitored more closely to avoid future misconduct.
Raise The Proof: A Default Rule For Indigent Defense, Adam M. Gershowitz
Raise The Proof: A Default Rule For Indigent Defense, Adam M. Gershowitz
Adam M. Gershowitz
Almost everyone agrees that indigent defense in America is underfunded, but workable solutions have been hard to come by. For the most part, courts have been unwilling to inject themselves into legislative budget decisions. And, when courts have become involved and issued favorable decisions, the benefits have been only temporary because once the pressure of litigation disappears so does a legislature's desire to appropriate more funding. This Article proposes that if an indigent defense system is under-funded, the state supreme court should impose a default rule raising the standard of proof to "beyond all doubt" to convict indigent defendants. The …
Panel On Prosecutorial Immunity: Deconstructing Connick V. Thompson, Dane Ciolino, Gary Clements, Bennett L. Gershman, Adam M. Gershowitz, Kathleen Ridolfi, Samuel R. Wiseman, Stephen Singer
Panel On Prosecutorial Immunity: Deconstructing Connick V. Thompson, Dane Ciolino, Gary Clements, Bennett L. Gershman, Adam M. Gershowitz, Kathleen Ridolfi, Samuel R. Wiseman, Stephen Singer
Adam M. Gershowitz
In November 2011, the Journal hosted a symposium on prosecutorial immunity at Loyola University New Orleans College of Law. The symposium included an in-depth analysis of Connick v. Thompson. As part of the symposium, the Journal organized a Panel, the transcript of which follows. This transcript consists of the speakers' remarks along with audience participation and questions. The Journal has attempted to preserve the character and substance of the discussion. While this is not a traditional article, the Journal felt that it would be fitting to include it in its spring volume.
Pay Now, Execute Later: Why Counties Should Be Required To Post A Bond To Seek The Death Penalty, Adam M. Gershowitz
Pay Now, Execute Later: Why Counties Should Be Required To Post A Bond To Seek The Death Penalty, Adam M. Gershowitz
Adam M. Gershowitz
No abstract provided.
Post-Trial Pleas Bargaining In Capital Cases: Using Conditional Commutations To Remove Weak Cases From Death Row, Adam M. Gershowitz
Post-Trial Pleas Bargaining In Capital Cases: Using Conditional Commutations To Remove Weak Cases From Death Row, Adam M. Gershowitz
Adam M. Gershowitz
Plea bargaining accounts for over ninety percent of criminal convictions and it dominates the American criminal justice system. Yet, once a defendant is convicted, bargaining almost completely disappears from the system. Even though years of litigation are on the horizon, there is nearly no bargaining in the appellate and habeas corpus process. There are two reasons for this. First, prosecutors and courts typically lack the power to alter a sentence that has already been imposed. Second, even if prosecutors had the authority to negotiate following a conviction, they would have little incentive to do so. Affirmance rates in ordinary criminal …
Prosecutorial Dismissals As Teachable Moments (And Databases) For The Police, Adam M. Gershowitz
Prosecutorial Dismissals As Teachable Moments (And Databases) For The Police, Adam M. Gershowitz
Adam M. Gershowitz
The criminal justice process typically begins when the police make a warrantless arrest. Although police usually do a good job of bringing in the “right” cases, they do make mistakes. Officers sometimes arrest suspects even though there is no evidence to prove an essential element of the crime. Police also conduct unlawful searches and interrogations. And officers make arrests in marginal cases—schoolyard fights are a good example—in which prosecutors do not think a criminal conviction is appropriate. Accordingly, prosecutors regularly dismiss cases after police have made warrantless arrests and suspects have sat in jail for days, or even weeks. In …
Password Protected? Can A Password Save Your Cell Phone From A Search Incident To Arrest?, Adam M. Gershowitz
Password Protected? Can A Password Save Your Cell Phone From A Search Incident To Arrest?, Adam M. Gershowitz
Adam M. Gershowitz
Over the last few years, dozens of courts have authorized police to conduct warrantless searches of cell phones when arresting individuals. Under the “search incident to arrest” doctrine, police are free to search text messages, call histories, photos, voicemails, and a host of other data if they arrest an individual and remove a cell phone from his pocket. Given that courts have offered little protection against cell-phone searches, this Article explores whether individuals can protect themselves by password protecting their phones. The Article concludes, unfortunately, that password protecting a cell phone offers minimal legal protection when an individual is lawfully …
Imposing A Cap On Capital Punishment, Adam M. Gershowitz
Imposing A Cap On Capital Punishment, Adam M. Gershowitz
Adam M. Gershowitz
No abstract provided.
Judge's Ill-Timed Ruling Invites Irrationality In Public's Views About Capital Punishment, Adam M. Gershowitz
Judge's Ill-Timed Ruling Invites Irrationality In Public's Views About Capital Punishment, Adam M. Gershowitz
Adam M. Gershowitz
No abstract provided.
Justice On The Line: Prosecutorial Screening Before Arrest, Adam M. Gershowitz
Justice On The Line: Prosecutorial Screening Before Arrest, Adam M. Gershowitz
Adam M. Gershowitz
Police make more than eleven million arrests every year. Yet prosecutors dismiss about 25% of criminal charges with no conviction being entered. Needless arrests are therefore clogging the criminal justice system and harming criminal defendants. For instance, Freddie Gray was fatally injured in police custody after being arrested for possession of a switchblade knife. Prosecutors later announced, however, that they did not believe the knife was actually illegal. If prosecutors had to approve warrantless arrests before police could take suspects into custody, Freddie Gray would still be alive. Yet prosecutors’ offices almost never dictate who the police should or should …
Imputed Liability For Supervising Prosecutors: Applying The Military Doctrine Of Command Responsibility To Reduce Prosecutorial Misconduct, Geoffrey S. Corn, Adam M. Gershowitz
Imputed Liability For Supervising Prosecutors: Applying The Military Doctrine Of Command Responsibility To Reduce Prosecutorial Misconduct, Geoffrey S. Corn, Adam M. Gershowitz
Adam M. Gershowitz
No abstract provided.