Law Commons^™

The 1983 Abortion Decisions: Clarification Of The Permissible Limits Of Abortion Regulation, Laura Fox

University of Richmond Law Review

On June 15, 1983, the United States Supreme Court once again addressed the abortion issue, handing down its decisions in City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health, Inc., Planned Parenthood Ass'n v. Ashcroft, and Simopoulos v. Virginia. The 1983 Abortion Decisions were an unequivocal reaffirmation of Roe v. Wade and the principle that a woman has a fundamental right to an abortion. On a higher level of analysis, these decisions are significant because they clarify how the Roe doctrine applies to procedural restrictions on abortion.

Warrantless Searches And Seizures In Virginia, Ronald J. Bacigal

Law Faculty Publications

There is a well-recognized lack of consistency and clarity in fourth amendment decisions. At times, each search and seizure case seen is unique and the decisions appear to rest on factual determinations rather than on legal principles. Nonetheless, it is desirable to have some understanding of the basic principles of the fourth amendment, and the way in which these principles affect individual cases.

Title Examination In Virginia, W. Wade Berryhill

Law Faculty Publications

The purpose of this article is to provide an understanding of the basic procedures of title examination. The emphasis is on the mechanics and practical considerations involved in a search of title. Although the focus of any legal work is "the law," this article is not meant to be a legal treatise. It is rather a practical "how to" guide. The author hopes, however, that this writing will not only acquaint the reader with the basic techniques of title examination but will also assist the title examiner in solving the related problems which arise when some of the more common …

U.C.C. Filings: Changing Circumstances Can Make A Right Filing Wrong. But Can They Make A Wrong Filing Right?, David Frisch

Law Faculty Publications

A secured party who wishes to perfect an Article 9 security interest by filing must file a proper financing statement in the correct office. If a security interest is perfected, changing circumstances, such as a lapse in time after a change in the location of the collateral, may transform the perfected security interest into an unperfected one. Consequently, the security interest, much to the dismay of the secured party, will be subject to all the deficiencies of an unperfected interest. But, under the Uniform Commercial Code, can the converse be true? That is, for example, can an unperfected security interest, …

University Of Richmond Bulletin: Catalog Of The T.C. Williams School Of Law For 1982-1984, University Of Richmond

Law School Catalogues

History:

The Law School was established as a department of Richmond College in 1870. In 1890 the family of the late T. C . Williams, who had been a devoted and valued Trustee, donated $25,000 as the nucleus of an endowment for the Law School. In recognition of this gift, the name of the School was changed to The T. C . Williams School of Law. At various times the School has received further generous gifts from members of the family of Mr. Williams. A substantial gift came through a bequest from Mr. T. C. Williams, Jr. who, like his …

Brazil's Profit Remittance Law: Reconciling Goals In Foreign Investments, Jan Hoffman French

Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications

Promoting foreign investment is a goal of many developing nations. Along with the benefits of that investment, however, foreign participation in development creates problems such as balance of payments deficits caused by the repatriation of profits earned by the foreign investor. Brazil's profit remittance law is one effort to reconcile these problems. By providing for the registration of foreign investment and using a system of reinvestment incentives, the Profit Remittance Law seeks to promote foreign investment while avoiding the loss of capital which results when profits are remitted abroad. The author of this article describes and explains the Profit Remittance …

The Court Of Exchequer Comes Of Age, William Hamilton Bryson

Law Faculty Publications

The Exchequer was well established as a court of law in the thirteenth century. For the next three hundred years, the Exchequer court seems to have carried out its duties without much change in function or status. At the beginning of the sixteenth century, the judicial business of the Exchequer amounted to about 200 cases per year as compared with about 2500 in the court of King's Bench and 10,000 in the Common Pleas. However, during the middle period of the reign of Henry VIII, the first signs of growth since the thirteenth century appeared. This expansion of the court …

Of Public Funds And Public Participation: Resolving The Issue Of Agency Authority To Reimburse Public Participants In Administrative Proceedings, Carl W. Tobias

Law Faculty Publications

A number of federal agencies have recently relied upon implied power to reimburse expenses incurred by public participants in administrative proceedings. When the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) attempted to exercise this authority, their efforts were challenged by parties who, relying on a purportedly controlling decision of the Second Circuit, contended that participant funding was an impermissible exercise of administrative power. The USDA initiative was upheld in district court, but the FDA program was invalidated by a divided Fourth Circuit panel.

The dispute over agency reimbursement has not been confined to the …

The Perfect Tender Rule - An "Acceptable" Interpretation, David Frisch

Law Faculty Publications

The focus of this article will be on the inherent conflict between the buyer's right to reject and the seller's right to cure. We will first review both the scholarly commentary addressing the issue and the judicial interpretations of the rejection-cure conflict. We will then propose a resolution to the conflict, or an acceptable interpretation, which serves to promote the expressed purposes and policies of the Uniform Commercial Code.

Post-Whalen Double Jeopardy In Virginia, Ronald J. Bacigal

Law Faculty Publications

The constitutional prohibition against double jeopardy serves three distinct purposes: (1) prohibition of a second prosecution after acquittal; (2) prohibition of a second prosecution after conviction; and (3) prohibition of multiple punishments for the same offense. This article addresses the problem of defining "the same offense," and specifically focuses on the application of the Blockburger test in light of Whalen v. United States.

Fiduciary's Investment Duty - The Peril Of The Prudent Man Rule, J. Rodney Johnson

Law Faculty Publications

The purpose of this article is ( 1) to report on the recent decision in Hoffman v. First Virginia Bank, 1 (2) to identify the several problems this decision has created for the public and for the bar, (3) to propose a statutory solution to these problems, and (4) to suggest an interim approach to these problems that drafters of wills and trusts might take while awaiting the passage of an appropriate statute.

Foreign Migratory Divorces: A Reappraisal, Peter N. Swisher

Law Faculty Publications

The purpose of this Article is to review and reappraise the important legal principles involved in foreign country migratory divorces; to discuss the various public policy rationales behind them; and to suggest possible remedies to alleviate much of this ambiguity and confusion.

In undertaking this evaluation, the author is mindful of dual responsibilities-that divorce law in this area should be predictable and uniform in order to maintain the authority of legal precedent; but at the same time it must attempt to approximate, as closely as possible, the clearly demonstrated needs of society.

Toxic Torts - Is Strict Liability Really The "Fair And Just" Way To Compensate The Victims?, Dennis R. Honabach

University of Richmond Law Review

The EERA, as proposed, would have declared the manufacture, use, transportation, treatment, storage, and release of hazardous substances to be ultrahazardous activities. It would have imposed joint, several and strict liability on the generator as well as the transporter or disposer of hazardous substances unless the discharge, release or disposal in question was caused solely by an act of God or act of war.

"Arbeit Macht Frei:" Vocational Rehabilitation And The Release Of Virginia's Criminally Insane, Daryl B. Matthews, Patrick J. Coyne

University of Richmond Law Review

The release from confinement of persons acquitted by reason of insanity is one of the most perplexing problems of the criminal law. The insanity acquittee's release confronts our deepest fears, and the procedures which society employes in this process force us to face the difficult and often intractable issue of the responsibility of the criminally insane.

Prohibition: The Elusive And Misunderstood Writ, David W. Clarke

University of Richmond Law Review

To many legal practitioners the writ of prohibition remains an enigma. Seldom used and even less often understood, this extraordinary remedy at law has long been recognized in Virginia as a tool with which to restrain an offending court from unwarranted conduct. Used properly, the writ will encourage the due and regular administration of justice by confining each tribunal to the exercise of those powers with which it has been entrusted under the constitution and laws of the state. The writ has been defined by the Virginia Supreme Court as "a proceeding between two courts-a superior and an inferior-and is …

Termination Of Indigents' Parental Rights After Lassiter:Ignoring Complexity And Protecting The Best Interests Of Psychological Parents, Roy M. Sobelson

University of Richmond Law Review

Of all the civil remedies a state may utilize against its citizens, perhaps the most severe is the termination of one's parental rights. Having been described as a "tearing of the flesh," it clearly represents one of our system's most egregious infringements on the fundamental rights associated with the raising of one's family. While little uniformity exists among the states in terms of grounds for termination, procedures, courts utilized, terminology, and standards of proof required at trial or on appeal, all states have some form of termination remedy available. Most terminations, whether made in conjunction with prospective adoptions or independent …

The Prejudicial Effects Of Cameras In The Courtroom, Robert J. Fuoco

University of Richmond Law Review

The Supreme Court recently held in Chandler v. Florida, that absent a showing of actual prejudice, it is not per se unconstitutional to televise trials over the objection of the defendant. This decision has a direct bearing on state court procedures, as over one-half of the states currently permit television coverage of trials in one form or another. However, sheer numbers supporting a proposition do not make that proposition "right", nor does a Supreme Court decision upholding its constitutionality imply an unqualified stamp of approval. In fact, previous Supreme Court decisions have overturned convictions because the defendant's right to a …

The Insanity Defense In Virginia: An Evaluation, Steven D. Gravely

University of Richmond Law Review

On March 30, 1981, John W. Hinckley, Jr. attempted to assassinate Ronald Reagan, the thirty-ninth President of the United States. More than fifteen months after his arraignment Hinckley was found "not guilty by reason of insanity" to each of the thirteen counts with which he was charged. Hinckley's successful use of the insanity defense has rekindled a debate that has raged for centuries concerning the rationality and propriety of the insanity defense. The controversy stems not only from the fact that the insanity defense is seldom used except in grievous felonies, specifically homicide, or spectacular crimes such as Hinckley's, but …

Lawyer Advertising: Permissibility Of Indicating The Nature Of Legal Practice In Advertisements, Kenneth J. Alcott

University of Richmond Law Review

Canon 27 of the ABA Canons of Professional Ethics, adopted by the American Bar Association in 1908, provided that it was "unprofessional" for lawyers to advertise or solicit professional employment. This prohibition made sense in a time when most lawyers were general practitioners and communities were small, so that a lawyer's reputation was well known. However, the increasing size and complexity of both society and the law have made it necessary for lawyers to select certain areas of law in which to practices in order to develop the expertise necessary to deal with today's complex legal issues. A corresponding need …

Condominium Conversion Lease Extensions For Elderly And Disabled Tenants: Is Virginia's New Law A Panacea?, Thomas A. Louthan

University of Richmond Law Review

Rental housing has been converted to condominiums at an increasingly rapid rate in recent years. Between 1970 and 1979, approximately 366,000 rental units were converted to condominiums or cooperatives nationwide. In Virginia, the City of Alexandria witnessed 7,173 conversions between 1973 and 1982; and Fairfax County experienced 5,113 conversions from 1974 to 1980. Arlington County experienced approximately 700 conversions per year from 1972 to 1978 and 1,400 per year since January, 1979.

University Of Richmond Law Review Table Of Contents

University of Richmond Law Review

No abstract provided.

Products Liability And The Virginia Statute Of Limitations - A Call For The Legislative Rescue Squad, Robert I. Stevenson

University of Richmond Law Review

In recent years a flood of federally-funded scientific break-throughs have on almost a weekly basis established that some form of cancer or other dreaded disease is "caused" by exposure to a man-made product often not previously suspected of having a toxic tendency. Persons so afflicted then seek recovery from the product manufacturer. Their basis in tort is either for negligence in producing so harmful (and thus defective) a product, or for having failed to warn of the danger, or for "strict liability" within Section 402A of the Restatement (Second) of Torts. Where, as in Virginia, there is uncertainty as to …

Collateral Estoppel, Rose M. Alexander, Ofie T. Rubin, Anita G. Vaughn, Carol L. Wingo

University of Richmond Law Review

The doctrine of collateral estoppel involves the use of an old judgment in a new action to prevent the relitigation of issues resolved by that old judgment. At common law, use of the doctrine required that the party using collateral estoppel and the party against whom it was used be the same as the parties to the prior judgment. This common law requirement of mutuality has been relaxed and since the United States Supreme Court's 1979 decision in ParklaneHoisery Co. v. Shore, the strict common law requirement of mutuality has all but completely vanished. In Parklane the Court sanctioned the …

H. L. V. Matheson: Can Parental Notification Be Required For Minors Seeking Abortions?, Gail Harrington Miller

University of Richmond Law Review

The extent to which a state can constitutionally legislate concerning abortion has been debated and litigated since the Supreme Court rendered its controversial Roe v. Wade decision which recognized that a woman's fundamental right to privacy under the Constitution encompasses the decision whether or not to terminate her pregnancy. The constitutional questions become more complicated when the state regulates a minors access to abortion due to the unique status of female minors. Although such minor's are biologically capable of conception and childbirth, they are also potentially vulnerable and lack maturity in making informed choices regarding critical matters, such as whether …

Evidentiary Foundations, Fundamentals Of Trial Techniques, Thomas F. Guernsey

University of Richmond Law Review

Any lawyering skill should be taught so as to provide the student or lawyer with the opportunity to plan, implement, and reflect on the execution of the skill. In these two books, Professors Imwinkelried and Mauet have accomplished just that. In writing books that are aimed primarily at the law school market, the authors have provided a valuable resource for the student as well as for the beginning trial lawyer.

Figuring Good-Time -- The Postconviction Process, Edward D. Barnes, Guy A. Sibilla

University of Richmond Law Review

On July 1, 1981, a new statutory scheme for the administration of parole release became effective in Virginia. Although these new statutes which deal with the system of awarding credits for good conduct are not novel, only two other states, Arkansas and Texas, are reported to have implemented such a scheme. The following article addresses, in a general sense, the parole eligibility and release process in Virginia. This may provide some guidance for practicing attorneys and aid them in representing their clients' interests before the Virginia Parole Board. Additionally, the article reviews the newly introduced good conduct allowance system and …

Judicial Restraining Orders And The Media: Does It Really Matter Who Is Gagged?, James M. Jennings Ii

University of Richmond Law Review

Writing in Bridges v. California, Justice Hugo Black observed forty years ago that "free speech and fair trials are two of the most cherished policies of our civilization, and it would be a trying task to choose between them." And yet, these constitutionally guaranteed rights have been in conflict since at least 1807.

Prison Overcrowding As Cruel And Unusual Punishment In Light Of Rhodes V. Chapman, Elizabeth F. Edwards, Nancy G. Lagow

University of Richmond Law Review

The prison population in the United States is experiencing a period of tremendous growth. Due to the inability of prison construction to keep pace with this growth, prison facilities throughout the country have become severely overcrowded. "The typical prison of the last third of the twentieth century has changed relatively little from the institutions of 150 years earlier." Inmates, forced to live under these conditions, have flocked to the courts seeking relief. Yet, until its 1981 decision in Rhodes v. Chapman, the United States Supreme Court had never reviewed a case in which particular prison conditions were challenged as constituting …

Search And Seizure Of Containers Found In Automobiles: The Supreme Court Struggles For A "Bright Line" Rule, James M. Mccauley

University of Richmond Law Review

Two recent decisions by the United States Supreme Court have added a new dimension to the law of search and seizure of automobiles and containers found within motor vehicles. The plurality opinion in Robbins v. California'held that a closed opaque container found in the luggage compartment of a station wagon during the course of a lawful vehicle search could not be seized without a warrant. However, in New York v. Belton, a majority held that a police officer, incident to a lawful custodial arrest of an occupant of an automobile, may search the passenger compartment of that automobile and examine …

Modification Of An Out Of State Child Custody Decree Under The Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act And The Parental Kidnapping Prevention Act, Arlin F. Ruby

University of Richmond Law Review

Jurisdiction of child custody matters in Virginia is affected by both the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act (UCCJA) as adopted in Virginia and the federally enacted Parental Kidnapping Prevention Act of 1980 (PKPA). This article analyzes the jurisdictional requirements under both Acts, discusses the interrelationship between the two and suggests a five step analysis by which a Virginia court may determine its jurisdiction in light of this authority.