Law Commons^™

Blood As A Biological "Drug": Scientific, Legal, And Policy Issues In The Regulation Of Placental And Umbilical Cord Stem Cell Transplantation, Jennifer Kulynych

University of Richmond Law Review

Not all blood cells are created equal. Some are born, carry out their appointed tasks-red blood cells oxygenating the blood, white blood cells fighting infection-and die. But an elusive subset have special properties: they are the progenitors of all the many types of peripheral (circulatory) blood cells, and as such, they have the potential to reconstitute an entire blood supply. Known as hematopoietic stem cells, these blood cells reproduce indefinitely. For patients with leukemia or other blood diseases, the transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells from another person's bone marrow can provide the gift of life.

Interview: The Federal Courts: Observations From Thirty Years On The Bench, Robert R. Merhige Jr., J. Christopher Lemons

University of Richmond Law Review

This is an interview of Judge Robert R. Merhige, Jr of the Eastern District of Virginia.

Antitrust And Trade Regulation Law, Michael F. Urbanski, James R. Creekmore

University of Richmond Law Review

The antitrust laws are a minefield for the uninitiated. Indicative of this reality is the fact that there were no successful civil lawsuits alleging a violation of the antitrust laws brought in Virginia over the past year. A number of conspiracy, monopolization and price discrimination cases were attempted, but they all failed for a variety of reasons outlined in greater detail below. In contrast to the national trend, no antitrust cases with regard to health care were decided in Virginia during the past year. The absence of such cases represents a dramatic change from previous experience, which perhaps reflects the …

Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Reform Of Adult Guardianship Law, John E. Donaldson

University of Richmond Law Review

The past two years have been especially significant for those subject to or involved in Virginia's system for providing court-appointed fiduciaries for incapacitated adults. Major legislation enacted in the 1997 Session of the Virginia General Assembly substantially reformed, clarified and restated the statutory system. Generally, the 1997 legislation became effective January 1, 1998. Further changes and refinements were made in the 1998 Session. The new system is more rational, coherent, unified and sensitive to the needs and rights of incapacitated adults than the system it replaces.

From Stockholm To Kyoto And Back To The United States: International Environmental Law's Effect On Domestic Law, Joel B. Eisen

University of Richmond Law Review

We Americans think we're so darned smart. We invented modern environmental law, developed its sophisticated "command-and-control" structure, got the public involved as never before in fighting corporate polluters, and achieved measurable successes by getting lead out of our air and bald eagles back from near extinction. We've even tried "second generation" tools such as emissions trading systems' and incentive-based regulatory flexibility approaches when we discovered our system's limitations. Not that we've got it all figured out, mind you, but we're inclined to think of ourselves as world leaders when it comes to environmental protection.

The Declaration Of Independence In Constitutional Interpretation: A Selective History And Analysis, Charles H. Cosgrove

University of Richmond Law Review

In 1845, antislavery constitutionalist Lysander Spooner argued that the Declaration of Independence was originally a legal constitution with a direct bearing on how one ought to interpret the status of slavery under the Constitution of 1787. In 1889, the congressional act establishing the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, and Washington required that their state constitutions "not be repugnant to the Constitution of the United States and the Declaration of Independence," as if the two documents were of a piece. In 1995, attorney Christopher Darden argued to the jury in the O.J. Simpson criminal trial that slain victims Nicole …

The Collapse And Fall Of Floating Buffer Zones: The Court Clarifies Analysis For Reviewing Speech-Restrictive Injunctions In Schenk V. Pro-Choice Network, Amy E. Miller

University of Richmond Law Review

The freedom of speech, although a predominant First Amendment principle, does not create an absolute right and remains subject to limitations for appropriate reasons, such as when the exercise of free speech encroaches upon the rights of others. Particularly sensitive situations arise when courts impose restrictions upon anti-abortion protestors in an attempt to protect the rights of patients and providers at abortion clinics. Indeed, despite a woman's long established right to obtain an abortion, emotionally charged demonstrations and recurrent anti-choice violence persist outside abortion clinics around the nation. Given that such practices induce stress and other health risks to women …

A Matter Of Power: Structural Federalism And Separation Doctrine In The Present, Frances Howell Rudko

University of Richmond Law Review

Public reaction to the 1823 Supreme Court decision in Green v. Biddle prompted John Marshall's letter to Henry Clay, who had argued the case as amicus curiae for the defendant. The letter is significant because Marshall, who had been a legislator himself, candidly expresses not only his personal dissatisfaction with the congressional assault on the 1823 decision but also the constitutional basis for his opinion. The significance of Marshall's extrajudicial opinion becomes more apparent when it is considered in the aftermath of the recent tug-of-war between Congress and the Court which culminated in the decision in City of Boerne v. …

Introductory Note

University of Richmond Law Review

The forward march of technological progress demands a continuous reassessment of our current predicament. While many existing institutions stand upon a bedrock of historical tradition, the acceleration of modem invention serves to rapidly erode our unswerving reliance on these systems. Rather, the problems brought by rapid technological growth require creative analysis that extends beyond traditional methodology. Just as the Industrial Revolution shook business and legal institutions to the core in response to unforeseen possibilities, the Information Revolution has begun to strain the infrastructure of our current institutions. The Information Age, typified by instant global communication and the ability to conduct …

Canning Spam: Compuserve, Inc. V. Cyber Promotions, Inc., Steven E. Bennett

University of Richmond Law Review

The rapid development of the Internet as a source of information and as a means of communication has caused courts and legislatures to scramble to integrate old legal structures into a new framework. The characteristic of near-instantaneous access to millions of subscribers of various Internet service providers (ISPs) has attracted the attention of commercial advertisers, especially those seeking mass audiences. The Internet has also fostered the proliferation of electronic mail (e-mail) as a means of communication. Further, it has attracted the attention of Congress, where there are currently three bills pending which would restrict or prohibit unsolicited e-mail advertising. The …

Mlb V. Slj: "Equal Justice" For Indigent Parents, Jason T. Jacoby

University of Richmond Law Review

The United States Supreme Court recently decided that a state may not, consistent with the Due Process and Equal Protection clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment, condition appeals from trial court decrees terminating parental rights on the affected parent's ability to pay record preparation fees. In M.L.B. v. S.L.J., the Supreme Court found that, just as a state may not block an indigent petty offender's access to an appeal afforded others, Mississippi may not deny M.L.B., because of her poverty, appellate review of the sufficiency of the evidence on which the trial court found her unfit to remain a parent.

"The Federal Courts": Constituting And Changing The Topic, Judith Resnik

University of Richmond Law Review

I am honored to write the foreword to this issue of the University of Richmond Law Review dedicated to "The Federal Courts." The editors have asked me to address the question of the role of the federal judiciary today. No issue is more pressing within federal judicial circles. The Congress has, in the last few years, enacted several jurisdictional statutes, some that expand' and others that limit the authority of the federal courts, thereby raising questions about congressional powers over federal jurisdiction. The shape of the appellate structure of the federal courts is now under review pursuant to the congressionally-chartered …

Will Inquiry Produce Action? Studying The Effects Of Gender In The Federal Courts, Lynn Hecht Schafran

University of Richmond Law Review

When the Ninth Circuit Gender Bias Task Force released its report at the Circuit's 1992 Judicial Conference, Justice Sandra Day O'Connor offered this perspective:

A couple of years ago, I gave a speech in which I discussed the existence of a glass ceiling for women. The next day, headlines and newspaper articles trumpeted my statements as if I had made a surprising new discovery. But it is now 1992, and I don't think most of us were surprised to learn that the [Ninth Circuit] Task Force found the exis- tence of gender bias in a federal circuit. After all, over …

First Circuit: A Study Of Gender Bias In And Around The Courts, Bruce M. Selya

University of Richmond Law Review

Beginning with the state courts of New Jersey in 1984, almost every state in the country and numerous federal circuits have mounted initiatives to address issues of gender bias in the courts. While individual approaches have varied, each of these judicial units has displayed an increasing sensitivity to the potential problems of bias in the courts and a desire to actively improve the treatment of female litigants, witnesses, employees, and attorneys throughout the judicial system.

Second Circuit: Study Of Gender, Race, And Ethnicity, George Lange Iii

University of Richmond Law Review

In 1993, at the request of then Chief Judge Jon O. Newman, the Judicial Council of the Second Circuit created a Task Force on Gender, Racial, and Ethnic Fairness in the Courts. The Task Force, which was comprised of six judicial officers and a citizen participant from each of the Circuit's three states, was asked to study issues of gender, race, and ethnicity in the courts of the Second Circuit, and to report back to the Judicial Council on its findings and recommendations.

Fourth Circuit: The Judicial Council's Review On The Need For A Gender Bias Study, Samuel W. Phillips

University of Richmond Law Review

In 1993, the Women Judges Fund for Justice, the National Association of Women Judges, and the National Center for State Courts, sponsored a four-day conference (March 18-21) in Williamsburg, Virginia, entitled "Second National Conference on Gender Bias in the Courts: Focus on Follow-up." Then Chief Circuit Judge Sam J. Ervin, III, designated the Deputy Circuit Executive to attend the conference on behalf of the Fourth Circuit. The Deputy also attended, along with a Fourth Circuit U.S. Magistrate Judge (now a U.S. District Judge), the Federal Judicial Center Gender Bias Task Force Workshop in Washington, D.C. (August 5-6, 1993).

Tenth Circuit: Gender Bias Study- Continuing Education And Training, David M. Ebel

University of Richmond Law Review

The Tenth Circuit Study of Gender Bias and Sexual Harassment was initiated in September 1995 with a study of the District of Wyoming. Prior to that time a number of federal courts and individual states had undertaken comprehensive studies of gender bias. Most of the existing literature was based upon quantitative data using survey research methodology calculated to obtain a number of confidential responses, which produced substantial valuable information.

Eleventh Circuit: "Executive Summary" - Report Of The Eleventh Circuit Task Force On Gender Bias, Joseph W. Hatchett

University of Richmond Law Review

In 1993 the Eleventh Circuit Judicial Council's Task Force on Gender Bias was established. It was the Mandate of this Task Force to study the effects of gender in the Eleventh Circuit and the courts that comprise the Eleventh Circuit. The Task Force elected to employ survey methods to discover whether or not various members of the court family believed that gender bias existed, if so in what form, and whether or not such bias affects the judicial process.

Austin Owen Lecture: Difficulties, Dangers & Challenges Facing The Judiciary Today, Robert E. Payne

University of Richmond Law Review

Judge Payne presented this address at The Sixth Annual Austin Owen Lecture on November 18, 1997. The Honorable Austin E. Owen attended Richmond College from 1946-47 and received his law degree from The T.C. Williams School of Law in 1950. During his distinguished career, Judge Owen served as an Assistant U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia; a partner in Owen, Gray, Rhodes, Betz, Smith and Dickerson; and was appointed Judge of the Second Judicial Circuit of Virginia where he served until his retirement in 1990. The Law School community grieved the loss of this distinguished alumnus upon his …

University Of Richmond Law Review

University of Richmond Law Review

No abstract provided.

Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Wills, Trusts, And Estates, J. Rodney Johnson

University of Richmond Law Review

The General Assembly, in its 1998 Session, enacted legislation dealing with wills, trusts, and estates that added, amended, or repealed a number of sections of the Virginia Code. In addition to the legislative changes, there were four Supreme Court of Virginia opinions, one Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit opinion, one Bankruptcy Court opinion, and one Virginia Circuit Court opinion during the period covered by this review, all of which involved issues of interest to the general practitioner as well as to the specialist in wills, trusts, and, estates. This article reports on all of these legislative and judicial …

The Rise Of Environmental Law In The Asian Region, Ben Boer

University of Richmond Law Review

In the past three decades, the realm of environmental law in many Western countries, and internationally, has grown from a small baby crying for attention to a full-fledged, articulate adult, participating in a wide variety of international, regional, and national fora concerning the protection of the environment and the management of our natural resources. More recently, in many non-Western countries and especially in Asia, environmental law has begun to enter into adulthood, manifested by significant legislative initiatives, judicial activism and a resulting environmental jurisprudence, and the establishment and growth of environmental and resource management agencies.

Emroch Lecture: Uncertainties In The Law Of Sexual Harassment, Susan Webber Wright

University of Richmond Law Review

The Emroch Lecture Series was established through the generosity of the late Mr. Emmanuel Emroch, his wife Bertha, and their many friends and associates. The endowment is currently supported by Mr. Emroch's son and daughter-in-law, Mr. & Mrs. Walter Emroch. Mr. Emroch received a B.A. degree from the University of Richmond in 1928 and a J.D. degree from the University of Richmond School of Law in 1931. The Honorable Susan Webber Wright presented this address as the Thirteenth Annual Emroch Lecture on November 12, 1998, at the University of Richmond School of Law.

Who? What? When? Where? Personal Jurisdiction And The World Wide Web, Yvonne A. Tamayo

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Almost everyone, it sometimes seems, is "working on a Web site." The Internet, a seamless web of communication, has broken down barriers of distance and time among people. At the same time it has made increasingly porous the conventional boundaries between the tangible and the abstract. Many business entities have created their own World Wide Web pages on the Internet, in order to deliver their advertising messages instantaneously to potential customers anywhere in the world. Increasingly, lawsuits are being filed against these businesses engaged in electronic commerce.

Free Speech In The College Community, Robert M. O'Neil, Rodney A. Small

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Robert O'Neil has written the book he was destined to write: Free Speech in the College Community. The former President of the University of Virginia and the University of Wisconsin, O'Neil is a distinguished lawyer and First Amendment scholar who has long been active in disputes involving student speech and academic freedom. He has parlayed those credentials into a book that is both creative and accessible. For both lawyers and non lawyers interested in campus speech issues, there is no better text available.

Compuserve V. Patterson: Creating Jurisdiction Through Internet Contacts, Cheryl L. Conner

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Throughout American legal history the adequacy of traditional jurisprudence has been tested by technological developments. The creation and expanded use of the Internet is the latest of these advancements. There are, however, characteristics of the Internet that distinguish it from past technological breakthroughs. These features include the difficulty of defining the Internet in traditional terms, the plethora of the contacts taking place, and the speed at which the Internet is expanding.

Congress And Deregulation: Federal Legislative Issues Past, Present And Future., Bill Robinson, Richard W. Blackburn, S.M. Henry Brown Jr., Mark C. Darrell

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

I am Bill Robinson, and I am pinch-hitting for Mark La Fratta. Mark did something that caused him to have to go to Gary, I am not sure what it is. Perhaps, Mr. Brown will be able to tell us later on. In any event, it is a pleasure to be here. A couple of Saturdays ago, I was out sailing in an old boat I have, and we had wonderful winds. We were wasting in an area on the Rappahannock that I was not very familiar with, and we were just about to make our last tide in the …

Stranded Costs: Will They Torpedo Retail Choice In The Electric Industry?, Kodwo Ghartey-Tagoe, Richard La Capra, Philip R. O'Connor

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Our speakers have come a long way and we will not allow them to leave without saying something. On our panel today we have Richard La Capra, Founder and Principal of La Capra Associates. He has been involved in major restructuring activity in all six New England states, other parts of the country, and overseas. His biography is contained in your materials. Our second speaker is Philip O'Connor. Dr. O'Connor is with Coopers & Lybrand Consulting and is a former chair of the Illinois Commerce Commission. He is a nationally recognized expert on the development and implementation of competitive strategies …

Federalism And Beyond: The Uncertain Nature Of Federal/State Relationships In A Restructuring World, Edward L. Petrini, Thomas B. Nicholson, Edward J. Brady, Carrington F. Phillip, Mark J. Mathis

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Federalism in the restructuring context has certainly been controversial and filled with uncertainty -- some would say perilous. Some would say the shifts in jurisdiction between federal and state governments are so serious and of such concern that we should really pause before restructuring the electric industries. Some say we have not done the right thing in the telecommunications industry either. This area is certainly filled with potential for competitors and for lawyers. To help us sort it out, we have four distinguished panelists who are going to identify some of the key state/federal jurisdictional issues in the telecommunications and …

Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Civil Practice And Procedure, George J. Dancigers, Patrick M. Mayette

University of Richmond Law Review

This article reviews some of the recent developments and changes effected by the Supreme Court of Virginia and the Virginia General Assembly which affect and involve civil litigation. The scope of this paper does not extend to criminal procedure. This paper is not intended to be an all inclusive compilation, but rather a sampling of case law and legislative enactments of interest to the civil litigation attorney.