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Articles 3901 - 3930 of 6124

Full-Text Articles in Law

Y2k …Who Cares? We Have Bigger Problems: Choice Of Law In Electronic Contracts, Aristotle G. Mirzaian Jan 2000

Y2k …Who Cares? We Have Bigger Problems: Choice Of Law In Electronic Contracts, Aristotle G. Mirzaian

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Every day it becomes more certain that the Internet will take its place alongside the other great transformational technologies that first challenged, and then fundamentally changed, the way things are done in the world.


Letter From The Editor, Lisa Taylor Hudson, Dharmesh S. Vashee Jan 2000

Letter From The Editor, Lisa Taylor Hudson, Dharmesh S. Vashee

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Welcome to the fifth issue of The Richmond Journal of Law & Technology! This issue represents a watershed experience for JOLT, as this is the first time we have published more than three issues in a single year! The timing of this issue's publication is also significant because on April 5, 2000, we will celebrate the fifth birthday of our journal. As the oldest exclusively online law review in the U.S., we continue to enjoy our leadership role in the publication of academic pieces dedicated to the marriage of law and technology.


Metatags: Seeking To Evade User Detection And The Lanham Act, Terrell W. Mills Jan 2000

Metatags: Seeking To Evade User Detection And The Lanham Act, Terrell W. Mills

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

You hop on the World Wide Web ready to do some Internet surfing. You decide to check the scores from last night's football game. You head to your favorite search engine and then pause . . . "where will the scores be" you ask yourself. You decide upon ESPN, because you know they have it all when it comes to sports. So, you type in ESPN and click on the "SEARCH" button. You eagerly await the return of the results to head out to the ESPN homepage to find out if your alma mater beat the in-state rival in the …


Opening Up To Open Source, Shawn W. Parker Jan 2000

Opening Up To Open Source, Shawn W. Parker

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

The latest "revolution" in the software industry has nothing to do with breakthrough technology; the revolution is a rethinking of how software technology is held, developed, and distributed. The revolution is called "open source," although it has also been called "freeware," and "copyleft." Each term generically describes the movement, yet implies wildly different ideas to the developers, distributors, and users inside the open source community. Open source is not a company, but rather, a community; projects are established and programmers communicate and contribute software building blocks to each other via the Internet. When a software program is completed by this …


Defamatory E-Mail And Employer Liability: Why Razing Zeran V. America Online Is A Good Thing, Michael H. Spencer Jan 2000

Defamatory E-Mail And Employer Liability: Why Razing Zeran V. America Online Is A Good Thing, Michael H. Spencer

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Electronic mail ("e-mail") has taken its place as an integral part of communication in modern society. Unlike other forms of communication, e-mail can cheaply and efficiently be placed in a public domain for literally the world to see. These public areas, otherwise known as bulletin boards, have expanded society's ability to communicate over vast distances. Individuals or groups can also engage in mass communication, which involves a myriad of topics and concerns. Nevertheless, such electronic communications, as almost any other form of communication, can become volatile and create animosity among users. Hence, many of the remarks made in such exchanges …


Internet Taxes: Congressional Efforts To Control States' Ability To Tax The World Wide Web, Kevin J. Smith Jan 2000

Internet Taxes: Congressional Efforts To Control States' Ability To Tax The World Wide Web, Kevin J. Smith

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Every year, increasingly more people use the Internet to purchase goods and services. Internet purchases are expected to exceed $20 billion per year in the near future. By the year 2003, industry experts predict Internet purchases by businesses alone will reach $1.3 trillion. Presently, the majority of Internet sales transactions flow through business to business sites. Internet purchases by consumers are expected to reach $144 billion by the year 2003.


Update: Riaa V. Diamond Multimedia Systems - Napster And Mp3.Com, Jayne A. Pemberton A. Pemberton Jan 2000

Update: Riaa V. Diamond Multimedia Systems - Napster And Mp3.Com, Jayne A. Pemberton A. Pemberton

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

After the Recording Industry Association of America's ("RIAA") attack on the Diamond Rio proved unsuccessful, the music industry turned its attention to the companies enabling reproduction of copyrighted music. Two important cases appeared after the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held that Diamond Rio was not infringing on copyrights. These cases, A&M Records, Inc. et al. v. Napster, Inc. and UMG, Inc., et. al. v. MP3.com, Inc., will shape computer technology's effect on American copyright law. This update will discuss these two cases and give brief overviews of the courts' findings and conclusions. These findings will …


The Unfinished Business Of Breaking Up "Ma Bell:" Implementing Local Telephone Competition In The Twenty-First Century, Michael T. Osbourne Jan 2000

The Unfinished Business Of Breaking Up "Ma Bell:" Implementing Local Telephone Competition In The Twenty-First Century, Michael T. Osbourne

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Responding to the statutory deadline in the Telecommunications Act of 1996, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) released its first Local Competition Order (LCO), In Re Implementation of the Local Competition Provisions in the Telecommunications Act of 1996, First Report and Order, CC Docket No. 96-98 (FCC 96-325), on August 8, 1996. Designed to implement local competition nationwide, this Order in nearly 1500 pages promulgated detailed provisions regarding the relationship between the Regional Bell Operating Companies ("RBOCs") (traditional monopoly providers of local telephone service) and new entrants in local telecommunications. This article focuses on several key provisions in the first LCO …


E-Business, E-Commerce & The Law, John F. Rudin Jan 2000

E-Business, E-Commerce & The Law, John F. Rudin

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Advocates argue that UCITA (Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act) provides rules of the road for the technology highway much like the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) has done with our commerce system for several decades. However, the UCC provides a level playing field where businesses and customers are aware of the rules prior to conducting business. Among its many shortcomings, UCITA lacks the notice and disclosure features of the UCC. A simple double click of a mouse with the cursor on an icon that reads "I accept" binds the customer to a contract that has not been reviewed prior to purchase. …


Ucita: The Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act, Michael J. Lockerby Jan 2000

Ucita: The Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act, Michael J. Lockerby

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

From the heated rhetoric of both proponents and opponents of UCITA, one would think that UCITA represented a radical change from current law. From the standpoint of this practitioner, however, UCITA represents more of an evolutionary than a revolutionary change in the law. In at least three critical areas, the enforceability of "paperless contracts," dispute resolution, and "self-help" remedies, UCITA is arguably consistent with current law or at least the trend of current law. Indeed, the main inconsistency between UCITA and current law is that current law is at times inconsistent. From the standpoint of most businesses, certainty is preferable …


Electric Choice In Pennsylvania, Brian D. Crowe Jan 2000

Electric Choice In Pennsylvania, Brian D. Crowe

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Implementing Electric Choice


Pennsylvania's Record, John Hanger Jan 2000

Pennsylvania's Record, John Hanger

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

John Hanger's outline of the Pennsylvania energy market.


Antitrust Issues Meet Natural Gas & Electric System Reliability Issue In A Competitive Marketplace, Mark T. Maassel Jan 2000

Antitrust Issues Meet Natural Gas & Electric System Reliability Issue In A Competitive Marketplace, Mark T. Maassel

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Mr. Maassel's outline for his speech.


Comparative Law As A Comprehensive Approach: A European Tribute To Professor Jack A. Hiller, Bernhard Grossfield Jan 2000

Comparative Law As A Comprehensive Approach: A European Tribute To Professor Jack A. Hiller, Bernhard Grossfield

Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business

An aura of "malaise" hangs over the field of Comparative Law'- sometimes alluded to as the "drama" of Comparative Law (private and public). Indeed, the comparative scholar is often asked whether his work has any practical importance. This is the question he fears most. A German legal philosopher once criticized the whole approach as follows: "Nobody asks what comparative law is and how it should be pursued. Thus, it is less to build a new structure from the laws compared, but to leave an accumulation of raw bricks in a heap that will never be used." Still today it is …


Emu And The Role Of The National Central Banks In The Eurosystem, J. Alfred Broaddus Jr. Jan 2000

Emu And The Role Of The National Central Banks In The Eurosystem, J. Alfred Broaddus Jr.

Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business

J. Alfred Broaddus, Jr.'s comments at Davidson regarding the EMU and the role of the National Central Banks in the Eurosystem.


University Of Richmond Law Review Jan 2000

University Of Richmond Law Review

University of Richmond Law Review

No abstract provided.


The Practice Of Pediatrics In Pedagogy? The Costly Combination In Cedar Rapids Community School District V. Garret F., Jennifer L. Barnes Jan 2000

The Practice Of Pediatrics In Pedagogy? The Costly Combination In Cedar Rapids Community School District V. Garret F., Jennifer L. Barnes

University of Richmond Law Review

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act ("IDEA")' was enacted in 1975 to ensure that all children with disabilities, like their nondisabled counterparts, have access to a free appropriate public education designed to meet their unique needs. This "appropriate education" mandate emphasizes the necessity of providing such children with special education and "related services," and federal funding is offered to state and local educational agencies to assist in implementing this objective.


Against Constitutional Law (Populist Or Otherwise), Michael Mandel Jan 2000

Against Constitutional Law (Populist Or Otherwise), Michael Mandel

University of Richmond Law Review

Mark Tushnet has written a great critique of constitutional judicial review. With his sure grasp of the scholarship, his commit- ment to the issues and the real people behind them, and his methodical, flawless reasoning, he has effectively blasted the theoretical foundations of judicial constitutional law to smithereens. As such, he has made a valuable contribution to legal scholarship that will remain so for a long time to come.


Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Antitrust And Trade Regulation Law, Michael F. Urbanski, James R. Creekmore Jan 2000

Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Antitrust And Trade Regulation Law, Michael F. Urbanski, James R. Creekmore

University of Richmond Law Review

During the past year, this country has devoted much attention, with good reason, to the Microsoft trial and appeal. Not since the breakup of Ma Bell's stronghold on the telecommunications industry in the early 1980s has a single legal battle posed so significant a change for both an industry and its consumers. In fact, given the far-reaching effects of this decision on other related industries and consumers, it likely will be years before its ultimate impact can be assessed.


Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Labor And Employment Law, Thomas M. Winn Iii Jan 2000

Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Labor And Employment Law, Thomas M. Winn Iii

University of Richmond Law Review

This article discusses four principal areas of employment and labor law in which there was significant activity in Virginia's courts and/or the legislature over the past year: (1) public policy wrongful discharge; (2) negligent hiring, retention, and supervision; (3) employment references; and (4) covenants not to compete and the employee's fiduciary duties owed to the employer. Beyond the scope of this article are decisions rendered in other areas of law affecting the employment relationship, including workers' compensation, unemployment, wage payment, and public sector employment.


Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Legal Issues Involving Children, Robert E. Shepherd Jr. Jan 2000

Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Legal Issues Involving Children, Robert E. Shepherd Jr.

University of Richmond Law Review

The past year generally has been another quiet one for children's legal issues in Virginia, although it was a busier than normal year in the United States Supreme Court with the grandparents' visitation case, the Texas high school football game prayer case, a significant Title I case involving the provision of instructional material to religiously operated schools, and the gay Boy Scout leader case. Not as much occurred at the state level, with little legislation of great significance to children and youth being enacted at the 2000 General Assembly session. However, a succession of cases interpreting and applying Baker v. …


Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Taxation Law, Craig D. Bell Jan 2000

Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Taxation Law, Craig D. Bell

University of Richmond Law Review

This article reviews significant, recent developments in the law affecting Virginia taxation. Each section covers recent judicial decisions and legislative changes over the past two years. The overall purpose of this article is to provide Virginia tax and general practitioners with a concise overview of the recent developments in Virginia taxation most likely to have an impact on Virginia practitioners. This article, however, will not discuss many of the numerous technical legislative changes to the State Taxation Code of Title 58.1.


University Of Richmond Law Review Jan 2000

University Of Richmond Law Review

University of Richmond Law Review

No abstract provided.


What Passes For Policy And Proof In First Amendment Litigation?, Rodney A. Smolla Jan 2000

What Passes For Policy And Proof In First Amendment Litigation?, Rodney A. Smolla

University of Richmond Law Review

In this Allen Chair Symposium issue of the University of Richmond Law Review, three outstanding scholars have written provocative pieces on the First Amendment. Professor John Nowak engages in an exercise of constitutional futurism, "'remembering the future" to propose a number of relatively radical alterations of First Amendment doctrine to achieve what he argues should be the appropriate balance between freedom of speech and fair trials in "cyber world." Professor Paul Carrington, arguing that a communitarian right of citizens to self-government is the principal that ought to animate our politics and law, has launched a broadside indictment against contemporary First …


Practice, Policy, And Pedagogy In A Mandatory Environmental Law Course, Michael Allan Wolf, Joel B. Eisen Jan 2000

Practice, Policy, And Pedagogy In A Mandatory Environmental Law Course, Michael Allan Wolf, Joel B. Eisen

Law Faculty Publications

All students at the University of Richmond School of Law are required to complete a first-year course in Environmental Law, as an introduction to the strategies and technicalities of statutory and regulatory regimes. This requirement poses special pedagogical challenges for the instructors. How, for example, is the class to address pollution questions regarding diverse media? Which of the many federal and nonfederal statutory provisions deserve the most (and least attention)? How does the instructor hold the attention of, and gain the most effective work product from, students whose major interests lie outside the area of Environmental Law? What is the …


A Constitutional Conundrum: The Resilience Of Tribal Sovereignty During American Nationalism And Expansion: 1810-1871, David E. Wilkins Jan 2000

A Constitutional Conundrum: The Resilience Of Tribal Sovereignty During American Nationalism And Expansion: 1810-1871, David E. Wilkins

Jepson School of Leadership Studies articles, book chapters and other publications

Judge Michael Hawkins addresses a number of important issues in his essay on John Quincy Adams' evolving understanding and relationship with slavery and the variegated role that law played in the politics of slavery and the slavery of politics. The essay demonstrates the importance of human personality in influencing and being influenced by political and legal processes. At its heart, the Article is a legal and historical study of the moral dimension and inherent contradictions facing Adams, in particular, and the American Republic, in general, regarding the existence and persistence of the institution of slavery in a nation built upon …


An Inquiry Into Indigenous Political Participation: Implications For Tribal Sovereignty, David E. Wilkins Jan 2000

An Inquiry Into Indigenous Political Participation: Implications For Tribal Sovereignty, David E. Wilkins

Jepson School of Leadership Studies articles, book chapters and other publications

When we set out to examine the various forms and patterns of indigenous political participation in the three polities they are connected to—tribal, state, and federal—we are stepping into a most complicated subject matter. It is complicated in large part because Indians are citizens of separate extra-constitutional nations whose members have only gradually been incorporated in various ways by various federal policies and day to day interactions with non-Indians. Tribal nations, of course, have never been constitutionally incorporated and still retain their standing as separate political bodies not beholden to either federal or state constitutions for their existence.


Better-Off Walking: Wyoming V. Houghton Exemplifies What Acevedo Failed To Rectify, Erin Morris Meadows Jan 2000

Better-Off Walking: Wyoming V. Houghton Exemplifies What Acevedo Failed To Rectify, Erin Morris Meadows

University of Richmond Law Review

Over the years the United States Supreme Court attempted to produce bright-line rules governing the automobile exception to the Fourth Amendment's warrant requirement. However, the Court's numerous, often confusing decisions in the past eight decades served only to blur those lines. With each attempt to fashion rules that would be workable for both law enforcement in application and lower courts in administration, citizens' Fourth Amendment rights were narrowed. Each time the Court attempted to clarify a rule, it expanded police power to conduct virtually limitless warrantless searches, consistently eviscerating personal privacy rights. The result is an exception originally intended to …


University Of Richmond Law Review Jan 2000

University Of Richmond Law Review

University of Richmond Law Review

No abstract provided.


A Right To Confrontation Or Insinuation? The Supreme Court's Holding In Portuondo V. Agard, J. Fielding Douthat Jr. Jan 2000

A Right To Confrontation Or Insinuation? The Supreme Court's Holding In Portuondo V. Agard, J. Fielding Douthat Jr.

University of Richmond Law Review

Imagine that you are charged with a crime that you did not commit. Forced to attend your own trial, you choose to testify on your own behalf. The prosecutor conducts his best spin to discredit you, but his attempts are largely unsuccessful. Not only is your story consistent with that of other witnesses, but it is a plausible accounting of the disputed facts. The reason: your story is the truth. Nevertheless, in summation, the prosecutor attacks your credibility. His argument, however, addresses no inconsistencies, no physical evidence, and no concrete reason to cast doubt on your story. Instead, he argues …