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Articles 61 - 85 of 85
Full-Text Articles in Law
Does Pretext Plus Age Equal The Sum Of The Judgement?, Susan Childers North
Does Pretext Plus Age Equal The Sum Of The Judgement?, Susan Childers North
University of Richmond Law Review
In deciding cases under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), several circuit courts of appeals have interpreted the tripartite test set forth in McDonnell Douglas v. Green to mean that a plaintiff could prevail in proving individual disparate treatment by proving a prima facie case and that the employer's proffered reasons were a pretext. The Third, Seventh and Eighth Circuits concluded that a showing that a proffered justification is pretextual is equivalent to a finding that the employer intentionally discriminated. In other words, "the plaintiff is entitled to judgment as a matter of law when, in the third stage …
Wards Cove Packing Or Not Wards Cove Packing? That Is Not The Question: Some Thoughts On Impact Analysis Under The Age Discrimination In Employment Act, Mack A. Player
University of Richmond Law Review
Assume two employers, A and B. Each gives a separate objective test to select employees for a particular position. Employer A utilizes a pen-and-paper, multiple choice examination that has questions in three major categories: 1) biology and genetics which includes DNA theory, cloning, etc.; 2) astrophysics, with questions about time, space, light relationships, "black holes," novas, etc. and 3) microprocessor engineering, the internet, silicon chips, and the like.
University Of Richmond Law Review
University Of Richmond Law Review
University of Richmond Law Review
No abstract provided.
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Administrative Procedure, Patricia L. Mckenney
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Administrative Procedure, Patricia L. Mckenney
University of Richmond Law Review
This article reviews recent developments in the law affecting administrative procedure in Virginia. The 1997 General Assembly made no substantive changes to the Commonwealth's fundamental law of administrative procedure, but it did make numerous amendments to agency law affecting administrative case decisions. Among the major changes to agency procedures include authorizing the Commissioner of Social Services to review local board eligibility decisions, extending the powers of health regulatory boards that govern the licensing of health professionals, and permitting the air, water and waste boards to implement mediation and voluntary dispute resolution proceedings.
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Civil Practice And Procedure, David D. Hopper
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Civil Practice And Procedure, David D. Hopper
University of Richmond Law Review
Virginia courts and the General Assembly have effected several changes in civil practice and procedure during the past year. This article focuses on some significant developments and interests to the general litigation attorney.
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Criminal Law And Procedure, Betty Layne Desportes, Steven D. Benjamin
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Criminal Law And Procedure, Betty Layne Desportes, Steven D. Benjamin
University of Richmond Law Review
This article discusses holdings and trends in the published cases of the Virginia Court of Appeals and the Supreme Court of Virginia from August 1996 to July 1997. Although the form of this article generally follows the same form used by prior authors, several subject headings have been renamed to reflect the current focus of the courts. For example, during this period the court of appeals grappled with the "community caretaker" doctrine, bifurcated sentencing proceedings in felony cases, jury selection, and various hearsay exceptions. The supreme court addressed an indigent defendant's right to expert assistance, administrative license suspensions, and speedy …
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Property Law, Susan M. Pesner, Martin C. Conway
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Property Law, Susan M. Pesner, Martin C. Conway
University of Richmond Law Review
The year 1997 proved to be exceptional in the relatively quiet area of property law. After a number of failed attempts, bills addressing the unauthorized practice of law were finally presented to the General Assembly and passed. Effective July 1, 1997, the Commonwealth of Virginia will regulate residential real estate settlements for the first time in its 390-year history.
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Taxation, Craig D. Bell
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Taxation, Craig D. Bell
University of Richmond Law Review
This article reviews significant recent developments in the law affecting Virginia taxation. Each section covers recent judicial decisions and legislative changes over the past year. The. overall purpose of this article is to provide Virginia tax and general practitioners with a concise overview of the recent developments in Virginia taxation most likely to have an impact on Virginia practitioners. This article, however, will not discuss many of the numerous legislative technical changes to the State Taxation Code of Title 58.1.
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Public Utility Law, Edward L. Flippen, Kodwo Ghartey-Tagoe
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Public Utility Law, Edward L. Flippen, Kodwo Ghartey-Tagoe
University of Richmond Law Review
This article reviews the significant developments in the area of public utility law between January 1996 and August 1997. The first section covers legislative changes affecting electric, gas, telephone, and other public utilities; the second section reviews administrative action taken by the Virginia State Corporation Commission; and the third section addresses judicial action applied to the regulation of public utilities. The purposes of this article are to.provide Virginia public utility practitioners an overview of the recent developments in public utility law and to explain the impact these developments have upon public utilities operating in Virginia. This article, however, does not …
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Workers' Compensation, Daniel E. Lynch
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Workers' Compensation, Daniel E. Lynch
University of Richmond Law Review
There have been significant developments in the law of workers' compensation since 1995, when the Annual Survey of Virginia Law last included this topic. The past two years have seen many changes in Virginia workers' compensation through legislation by the General Assembly and by Virginia appellate court decisions. This article focuses on some of the most significant developments with respect to (I) occupational disease claims, (II) injury by accident claims, (III) benefits and coverage under the Workers' Compensation Act, (IV) third party claims, (V) the termination of wage benefits, and (VI) new legislation affecting workers' compensation.
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Wills, Trusts, And Estates, J. Rodney Johnson
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Wills, Trusts, And Estates, J. Rodney Johnson
University of Richmond Law Review
The General Assembly enacted legislation dealing with wills, trusts, and estates that added, amended, or repealed a number of sections of the Code of Virginia in the 1996 and 1997 sessions. In addition, there were eleven Supreme Court of Virginia opinions in the two-year period ending April 18, 1997, that involved issues of interest to the general practitioner as well as the specialist in wills, trusts, and estates. This article reports on all of these legislative and judicial developments.
Organized Labor As Shareholder Activist: Building Coalitions To Promote Worker Capitalism, Marleen A. O'Connor
Organized Labor As Shareholder Activist: Building Coalitions To Promote Worker Capitalism, Marleen A. O'Connor
University of Richmond Law Review
In the past, the traditional question posed by unions was: "which side are you on?"--presenting a clear choice between labor and capital. As membership and bargaining power fall, however, unions are asserting their rights as shareholders to influence corporate decision making outside the conventional labor law framework. Because the National Labor Relations Act does not adequately protect workers' rights, unions have devised innovative methods as shareholders to exercise unprecedented power over managers. In only a few years, labor-shareholders have become highly visible players in the institutional shareholder movement. As a group, labor-shareholders submit one of the largest numbers of shareholder …
The Shaping Force Of Corporate Law In The New Economic Order, Jeffrey N. Gordon
The Shaping Force Of Corporate Law In The New Economic Order, Jeffrey N. Gordon
University of Richmond Law Review
I am very grateful for the opportunity afforded by this Allen Chair lecture. I grew up in Richmond. During my formative years, between zero and two, my family lived in an apartment on Grace Street, and my mother would push me in the stroller around the block of Lombardy and Grace, where the T.C. Williams Law School was once located. Given all we know about psychology, it surely must be the case that the subliminal suggestion of legal studies at that crucial time accounts for my present occupation as a law professor.
The Technically Skilled Worker And The Corporation: Dagwood, Dilbert And Beyond, Nancy J. Jensen
The Technically Skilled Worker And The Corporation: Dagwood, Dilbert And Beyond, Nancy J. Jensen
University of Richmond Law Review
Corporate America finds itself in a sea of change. This change is the result of many factors including rapid technological developments so revolutionary that some have suggested that a third industrial revolution, the Age of Informatics, is at hand. Dynamic and profound changes in corporate organiza- tions abound as a result of the numerous leveraged buyouts of the 1980s and globalization of the world economy.
University Of Richmond Law Review Index
University Of Richmond Law Review Index
University of Richmond Law Review
This is the index for Volume XXXI of the University or Richmond Law Review.
Esop's Fables: Leveraged Esops And Their Effect On Managerial Slack, Employer Risk And Motivation In The Public Corporation, Hunter C. Blum
Esop's Fables: Leveraged Esops And Their Effect On Managerial Slack, Employer Risk And Motivation In The Public Corporation, Hunter C. Blum
University of Richmond Law Review
Shareholder rights and their influence on corporate governance have become an increasingly important topic in corporate law. The recent wave of corporate downsizing in the early 1990's has disturbed our collective equilibrium. Many now challenge the basic corporate law tenet that the directors hold a fiduciary duty to the shareholders only and the traditional idea that the proper corporate goal is shareholder wealth maximiza- tion.
What Have You Done For Me Lately? Constitutional Limitations On State Taxation Of Trusts, Bradley E.S. Fogel
What Have You Done For Me Lately? Constitutional Limitations On State Taxation Of Trusts, Bradley E.S. Fogel
University of Richmond Law Review
Suppose a resident of New Jersey creates an irrevocable inter vivos trust. The settlor subsequently dies while a resident of New Jersey. Pursuant to the terms of her will, which is probated in New Jersey, her entire estate is paid to the trust. After a few years, one of the two trustees is a New York resident, the other is a resident of Connecticut. The trust's assets, intangibles such as stock in Delaware corporations, are held by the New York trustee in New York. All of the income beneficiaries of the trust reside in New York or Connecticut.
The Personal Responsibility And Work Opportunity Act Of 1996: Poison Pills For Legal Immigrants, Meredith Barton, Deborah M. Chandler
The Personal Responsibility And Work Opportunity Act Of 1996: Poison Pills For Legal Immigrants, Meredith Barton, Deborah M. Chandler
Richmond Public Interest Law Review
Former president Ronald Reagan's vision of America as this shining city ended Thursday, August 23, 1996, when President Bill Clinton signed his name to the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA, considered the most farreaching welfare reform package in history. Although the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that the federal government will save over $57 billion between fiscal year 1997 and fiscal year 2002, this welfare reform package profoundly impacts immigrants, particularly legal immigrants. Overall 44% of federal savings (approximately $23.8 billion) stems from denying public assistance benefits to legal immigrants. This new welfare legislation directly …
Welfare Reform: An Historical Overview, Richard K. Caputo
Welfare Reform: An Historical Overview, Richard K. Caputo
Richmond Public Interest Law Review
This essay provides an historical overview of welfare reform efforts prior to enactment of The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 by the 104th Congress. The author argues that the 1996 Act reaffirmed the labor market as the major arbiter of economic well-being of American citizens. In so doing, passage of the Act signified the formal end of income maintenance for able-bodied parents and released the federal government from assuming major responsibility for reducing poverty per se.
Keynote Address: Social Justice Week 1997, Peter Edelman
Keynote Address: Social Justice Week 1997, Peter Edelman
Richmond Public Interest Law Review
I am pleased to be here not just to talk about the question of what happens to poor people under the new welfare legislation, but also because you have asked me to speak as part of your Social Justice Week. It is very important that you have Social Justice Week and that so many people are so interested in participating. As I will say in more detail later, it is urgent that we get beyond the debate over welfare at the same time as we pay careful attention to the implementation of the new welfare legislation. Our real effort has …
Welfare Reform, Work-Related Child Care, And Tax Policy: The "Family Values" Double Standard, Mary L. Heen
Welfare Reform, Work-Related Child Care, And Tax Policy: The "Family Values" Double Standard, Mary L. Heen
Richmond Public Interest Law Review
The welfare reform legislation signed into law last year repeals the entitlement to welfare and imposes strict time limits on the receipt of benefits. Although federal work requirements have been in effect for nearly thirty years, the new law requires the states to meet more stringent work participation levels and makes the work requirements applicable to mothers with younger children.The shift in the welfare paradigm toward mandatory wage work for mothers with young children has not been accompanied, however, by a corresponding policy shift toward universal or affordable child care.
Welfare Reform And Unitended Consequences: Its Impact On A Local Child Protection Program, Larry Nackerud, Nicole Deets, Curtis Kleem, Alicia Isaac
Welfare Reform And Unitended Consequences: Its Impact On A Local Child Protection Program, Larry Nackerud, Nicole Deets, Curtis Kleem, Alicia Isaac
Richmond Public Interest Law Review
On August 22, 1996, President Clinton signed into law the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act. The Act represents a fundamental shift in the relationship between the federal government, the fifty states, and persons living in poverty. A shift of this magnitude cannot be analyzed properly without considering the significant impact of unintended consequences that may result from the new policy. Often, unintended consequences occur when two different policies, in this case, public welfare and child protective services, collide. One such possible unintended consequence of this policy shift may be to reduce the effectiveness of a successful child protection …
Reinventing Human Services In America, David Stoesz
Reinventing Human Services In America, David Stoesz
Richmond Public Interest Law Review
Passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act (PRWOA) of 1996 presents an opportunity to reinvent human services in America. For more than a decade, the welfare bureaucracy and public assistance programs of state welfare have been in crisis. The clients who depend on welfare detest it, finding and keeping qualified professionals to work in the public social services has become an administrative headache, and taxpayers perceive welfare as a fiscal black hole that perpetuates immorality. The recent decision to "devolve" welfare in a block grant to states underscores the urgency to rethink public assistance to poor families. There …
Rethinking Welfare In The Age Of Devolution, David Tuerck Ph.D., William F. O'Brien Jr., Ph.D.
Rethinking Welfare In The Age Of Devolution, David Tuerck Ph.D., William F. O'Brien Jr., Ph.D.
Richmond Public Interest Law Review
In August 1996, President Clinton signed the "Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA), landmark welfare-reform legislation that curtails benefits and shifts the responsibility for distributing welfare benefits from the federal government to the states. The new law reflects the public's dissatisfaction with the federal administration of welfare entitlements and, indeed, with the very idea of welfare entitlements. PRWORA embodies the concept of devolution: Temporary Assistance to Needy Families and child care block grants replace Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) entitlements and a host of other aid programs. Under the law, "[e]xcept as expressly provided …
The Earned Income Tax Credit And Welfare Reform, James Williams
The Earned Income Tax Credit And Welfare Reform, James Williams
Richmond Public Interest Law Review
The focus of this paper is the EITC and its important role in welfare reform. The current welfare system has been criticized on the grounds that it does not promote and encourage work. Critics also claim that welfare welfare is ineffective in reducing poverty, especially among children. The EITC addresses several of these complaints. First, the EITC "[i]s strongly pro-work. Only working families qualify for it. In addition, unlike welfare benefits, EITC payments rise rather than fall with earnings across that critical low-income range where we want to encourage work effort." Proponents of the EITC, such as Senator Bill Bradley …