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Articles 1351 - 1380 of 7283
Full-Text Articles in Law
Table Of Contents
The Business, Entrepreneurship & Tax Law Review
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Editor's Perspective
The Business, Entrepreneurship & Tax Law Review
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The Faithless Elector And 2016: Constitutional Uncertainty After The Election Of Donald Trump, Alexander Gouzoules
The Faithless Elector And 2016: Constitutional Uncertainty After The Election Of Donald Trump, Alexander Gouzoules
Faculty Publications
Presidential electors are generally expected to vote for the candidate who won their state's election, and those who do not are referred to as "faithless electors." A majority of states have laws of varying types that bind their electors to vote for the winning presidential candidate. The 2016 election, for the first time in modern history, produced a serious movement urging electors to cast faithless votes against Donald Trump. Although this movement was not successful, 2016 saw the most faithless electors in recent history by a large margin. Three separate, ultimately unsuccessful, lawsuits were filed by would-be faithless electors in …
Congress And Commercial Trusts: Dealing With Diversity Jurisdiction Post-Americold, S. I. Strong
Congress And Commercial Trusts: Dealing With Diversity Jurisdiction Post-Americold, S. I. Strong
Faculty Publications
The treatment of commercial trusts reached its nadir in early 2016, when the U.S. Supreme Court held in Americold Realty Trust v. ConAgra Foods, Inc. that the citizenship of a commercial trust should be equated with that of its shareholder-beneficiaries for purposes of diversity jurisdiction. Unfortunately, the sheer number of shareholder-beneficiaries in most commercial trusts (often amounting to hundreds if not thousands of individuals) typically precludes the parties' ability to establish complete diversity and thus eliminates the possibility of federal jurisdiction over most commercial trust disputes. As a result, virtually all commercial trust disputes will now be heard in state …
Federalism Implications Of Non-Recognition Of Licensure Reciprocity Under The Gun-Free School Zones Act, Royce De R. Barondes
Federalism Implications Of Non-Recognition Of Licensure Reciprocity Under The Gun-Free School Zones Act, Royce De R. Barondes
Faculty Publications
The Gun-Free School Zones Act (GFSZA) criminalizes firearms possession within 1000 feet of an elementary or secondary school in a State unless the possessor "is licensed to do so by the State in which the school zone is located" (or one of a few other exceptions applies). The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) has in correspondence opined licensure through reciprocity does not make one so licensed by the State.
School zones covered by the act are ubiquitous. Were the ATF's interpretation adopted, large swaths of many States' non-rural areas would be prohibited zones for non-residents who carry …
Zika And The Regulatory Regime For Licensing Vaccines For Use During Pregnancy, Sam F. Halabi
Zika And The Regulatory Regime For Licensing Vaccines For Use During Pregnancy, Sam F. Halabi
Faculty Publications
Microcephaly and other severe fetal brain defects (congenital Zika syndrome) caused by the Zika virus have prompted an urgent effort to develop and license a safe and efficacious vaccine. Yet, that effort has run up against one of the most formidable barriers in vaccine research: pregnant women are almost always excluded from clinical trials for fear that the intervention may harm the fetus. This article analyzes the existing regulatory framework for vaccines intended for use during pregnancy in an effort to identify ways the process may be reconsidered in light of recent public health emergencies that had a disproportionate effect …
The Pesky Serial Comma, Douglas E. Abrams
The Pesky Serial Comma, Douglas E. Abrams
The Pesky Serial Comma, Douglas E. Abrams
Faculty Publications
The "serial comma" - sometimes called the "Oxford comma" or the "Harvard comma"- comes immediately before a conjunction that separates the last of three or more elements in a series. For example, consider the trio "ready, willing, and able." Consider too "win, lose, or draw." The serial comma is the one immediately before the "and" or the "or." In statutes or private arrangements, a comma's presence (or, as in O'Connor, its absence) may hold high stakes for litigants.
The New Handshake: Where We Are Now, Amy J. Schmitz, Colin Rule
The New Handshake: Where We Are Now, Amy J. Schmitz, Colin Rule
Faculty Publications
The internet has empowered consumers in new and exciting ways. It has opened more efficient avenues for consumers to buy just about anything. Want proof? Just pull out your smartphone, swipe your finger across the screen a few times, and presto – your collector’s edition Notorious RBG bobblehead is on its way from China. Unfortunately, however, the internet has not yet delivered on its promise to improve consumer protection.
Immunity From Wrongful Death Liability: How Mickels Fails To Compensate, Kevin Buchanan
Immunity From Wrongful Death Liability: How Mickels Fails To Compensate, Kevin Buchanan
Missouri Law Review
Wrongful death statutes originated out of a need to compensate the family of a decedent “whose life was wrongfully taken.” Closely related to wrongful death statutes are survivorship statutes, which allow for the transmission of tort claims after the death of one or more of the parties. These statutes help address the once common maxim that it’s cheaper to kill a man than to maim him. Today, all fifty states have both wrongful death and survivorship statutes. In Mickels v. Danrad, the Supreme Court of Missouri declined to allow wrongful death claims where a defendant’s negligence accelerates the death of …
Nudges For Health Policy: Effectiveness And Limitations, Victoria A. Shaffer
Nudges For Health Policy: Effectiveness And Limitations, Victoria A. Shaffer
Missouri Law Review
One tool that our government can use to combat our healthcare challenges is the use of health policy in the form of programs, regulations, and agencies that are aimed at improving the overall health and welfare of Americans. Of the various approaches to shaping health policy, this paper will focus on the use of “nudges,” a behavioral strategy for shaping human behavior from the framework, Libertarian Paternalism. In this Article, a nudge is defined as any aspect of choice architecture or any method of structuring the choice environment that influences behavior in a predictable way, with the restriction that this …
Libertarian Quasi-Paternalism, Jacob Goldin
Libertarian Quasi-Paternalism, Jacob Goldin
Missouri Law Review
In many settings, people’s choices vary based on seemingly arbitrary features of the choice environment. Policies that manipulate these features to improve decision-makers’ well-being are paternalistic – unless one takes the unrealistic view that these features are relevant from the perspective of the choosers’ preferences. In such settings, I propose that policy design can be less paternalistic if the only people assumed to be making mistakes are those whose choices are observed to vary based on the arbitrary feature of the choice environment. I discuss several characteristics of such “quasi-paternalistic” policy design and conclude by applying the principle of quasi-paternalism …
Behavioral Economics Goes To Court: The Fundamental Flaws In The Behavioral Law & Economics Arguments Against No-Surcharge Laws, Todd J. Zywicki, Geoffrey A. Manne, Kristian Stout
Behavioral Economics Goes To Court: The Fundamental Flaws In The Behavioral Law & Economics Arguments Against No-Surcharge Laws, Todd J. Zywicki, Geoffrey A. Manne, Kristian Stout
Missouri Law Review
During the past decade, academics – predominantly scholars of behavioral law and economics – have increasingly turned to the claimed insights of behavioral economics in order to craft novel policy proposals in many fields, most significantly consumer credit regulation. Over the same period, these ideas have also gained traction with policymakers, resulting in a variety of legislative efforts, such as the creation of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Most recently, the efforts of behavioral law and economics scholars have been directed toward challenging a number of state laws that regulate retailers’ use of surcharge fees for consumer credit card payments. …
Check Yes For Checkpoints: Suspicionless Stops And Ramifications For Missouri Motorists, Conner Harris
Check Yes For Checkpoints: Suspicionless Stops And Ramifications For Missouri Motorists, Conner Harris
Missouri Law Review
One of the great advantages of living in a free society is the enjoyment of general privacy and freedom from unwarranted interference in one’s personal affairs. This advantage benefits citizens in both their private and public interactions. For example, it is expected one could drive to the store across town, the mall in a neighboring city, or somewhere on the other side of the country uninterrupted and unhindered. The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution codifies this privacy expectation as a right to be enjoyed by all within its reach. Specifically, the Fourth Amendment protects against “unreasonable searches and …
Symposium: Evaluating Nudge: A Decade Of Libertarian Paternalism: Foreward: From Gadfly To Nudge: The Genesis Of Libertarian Paternalism, Thomas A. Lambert
Symposium: Evaluating Nudge: A Decade Of Libertarian Paternalism: Foreward: From Gadfly To Nudge: The Genesis Of Libertarian Paternalism, Thomas A. Lambert
Missouri Law Review
Nearly a decade has passed since Richard H. Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein published Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness (hereinafter, “Nudge”). The bestselling book drew popular attention to “libertarian paternalism,” a policy approach Thaler and Sunstein had previously proposed in their academic writing. Though somewhat controversial from the start, the notion of libertarian paternalism quickly gained traction among policymakers all over the world. Given Nudge’s success over the last decade in capturing the attention of policymakers and generating concrete policy proposals, it is worth pausing to assess how the libertarian paternalist project is faring. What is working? …
Keynote: Forcing People To Choose Is Paternalistic, Cass R. Sunstein
Keynote: Forcing People To Choose Is Paternalistic, Cass R. Sunstein
Missouri Law Review
It can be paternalistic to force people to choose. Often people do not wish to choose, but both private and public institutions ask or force them to do so, thus overriding their wishes. As a result, people’s autonomy may be badly compromised and their welfare may be greatly reduced. These points have implications for a range of issues in law and policy, suggesting that those who favor active choosing, and insist on it, may well be overriding people’s preferences and values, and thus running afoul of John Stuart Mill’s Harm Principle (for better or for worse). People have limited mental …
The Motivating Effects Of Temporal Landmarks: Evidence From The Field And Lab, Jonathan Lee, Hengchen Dai
The Motivating Effects Of Temporal Landmarks: Evidence From The Field And Lab, Jonathan Lee, Hengchen Dai
Missouri Law Review
People often set and strive for goals in their pursuit of a better self. For example, individuals may commit to health goals, such as eating less junk food or quitting smoking; others may set relationship goals, such as being more compassionate and attentive; and criminals may declare their intention to abstain from illegal behaviors. Despite their best intentions, however, individuals often find themselves committing undesirable actions in violation of their goals. Dieters may fail to resist temptation and eat a donut; spouses may fail to control their emotions and lash out at loved ones after a stressful work day; and …
Libertarian Nudges, Gregory Mitchell
Libertarian Nudges, Gregory Mitchell
Missouri Law Review
We can properly call a number of nudges libertarian nudges, but the territory of libertarian nudging is smaller than is often realized. The domain of libertarian nudges is populated by choice-independent nudges, or nudges that only assist the decision process and do not push choosers toward any particular choice. Some choice-dependent nudges pose no great concern from a libertarian perspective for rational choosers so long as there is a low-cost way to avoid the nudger’s favored choice. However, choice-dependent nudges will interfere with the autonomy of irrational choosers, because the opt-out option will be meaningless for this group. Choice-independent nudges …
Once And Future Nudges, Arden Rowell
Once And Future Nudges, Arden Rowell
Missouri Law Review
The nudge – a form of behaviorally-informed regulation that attempts to account for people’s scarce cognitive resources – has been explosively successful at colonizing the regulatory state. This Essay argues that the remarkable success of nudges as a species creates new challenges and opportunities for individual nudges that did not exist ten years ago, when nudges were new. These changes follow from the new fact that nudges must now interact with other nudges. This creates opportunities for nudge versus nudge battles, where nudges compete with other nudges for the scarce resource of public cognition; and for nudge & nudge symbiosis, …
Utilizing Behavioral Insights (Without Romance): An Inquiry Into The Choice Architecture Of Public Decision-Making, Adam C. Smith
Utilizing Behavioral Insights (Without Romance): An Inquiry Into The Choice Architecture Of Public Decision-Making, Adam C. Smith
Missouri Law Review
Behavioral economics has been employed in a number of policy applications over the last decade. From energy requirements to tax compliance to consumer finance, policymakers are increasingly operating under the assumption that people consistently fail to make rational choices. While the benefit of this policy trend remains an open debate, behavioral economists have long neglected a complementary examination of public decision-makers themselves. Comparison of two public agencies influenced by behavioral economics, the U.S. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and U.K. Behavioural Insights Team, demonstrates how different institutions create divergent policy outcomes across the two agencies in a way that cannot be …
Banning The Box In Missouri: A Statewide Step In The Right Direction, Jessica Chinnadurai
Banning The Box In Missouri: A Statewide Step In The Right Direction, Jessica Chinnadurai
Missouri Law Review
Missouri, like many other states, has evaluated and decided to address employment discrimination that occurs as a result of requiring people with a criminal history to disclose that information during the initial phases of the hiring process. Efforts to eliminate bias have been seen through the “Ban the Box” movement. The movement generally advocates removing the box applicants check if they have a criminal history, opting instead to delay this question for later in the employment process. This Note analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of adopting this legislation and evaluates whether doing so leads to a lower risk of employment …
Embry-Uh-Oh: An Alternative Approach To Frozen Embryo Disputes, Anna El-Zein
Embry-Uh-Oh: An Alternative Approach To Frozen Embryo Disputes, Anna El-Zein
Missouri Law Review
This Note addresses the general background of domestic and international case law and legislation surrounding embryonic disputes. It then examines recent case law developments; specifically, it discusses the only existing frozen embryo dispute in Missouri. Finally, we offer a suggested approach for courts to use when addressing these increasingly complex cases.
Are We All In This Together? Enforcing Class Arbitration Waivers, Ariel M. Kiefer
Are We All In This Together? Enforcing Class Arbitration Waivers, Ariel M. Kiefer
Missouri Law Review
Mandatory class arbitration waivers are increasingly common in employment agreements. It is estimated that forty-three percent of companies have mandatory class arbitration waivers. Employees sign them because they either do not believe they will ever have a major problem with their employer, they believe arbitration is a cheaper and faster method of dispute resolution, or they simply do not read or understand the clause. This Note discusses the facts surrounding the Eighth Circuit’s decision in Cellular Sales of Missouri to uphold a class arbitration waiver. It analyzes the approach other federal circuit courts have taken in upholding and striking down …
Is The Missouri Sales Tax Being Eroded? Examining A Conflict Among The Executive, Legislative, And Judicial Branches In Missouri, Courtney Lock
Is The Missouri Sales Tax Being Eroded? Examining A Conflict Among The Executive, Legislative, And Judicial Branches In Missouri, Courtney Lock
Missouri Law Review
This Note examines the Supreme Court of Missouri’s holding in Miss Dianna’s School of Dance, Inc. v. Director of Revenue, ascertains the holding’s scope in light of recent statutory amendments, and explores whether Missouri sales tax is at a precipice going forward. Part II discusses the facts and holding of Miss Dianna’s School of Dance. Part III explores the Supreme Court of Missouri’s fluctuating interpretations of the statute. Part IV provides an indepth analysis of the Supreme Court of Missouri’s reasoning in Miss Dianna’s School of Dance and its relevance to the interpretation of the statute going forward, including an …
What Theory Do Practitioners Want?, John M. Lande
What Theory Do Practitioners Want?, John M. Lande
Faculty Blogs
There isn’t a single negotiation theory – it comes from many different sources. For example, one person said that labeling using conceptual frameworks, such as Roger Fisher’s and Daniel Shapiro’s five core concerns, can be useful in understanding and dealing with emotions. Others pointed to the value of procedural justice, human needs, and social value theories. Social value theory involves people’s orientations about resource allocation.