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Articles 91 - 120 of 139
Full-Text Articles in Law
Charities-Statutory Restrictions On Testamentary Dispositions To Charity-Interpretation Of California Statute, Edwin F. Uhl
Charities-Statutory Restrictions On Testamentary Dispositions To Charity-Interpretation Of California Statute, Edwin F. Uhl
Michigan Law Review
Testatrix, domiciled in California, devised her residuary estate to the Eastern Star Lodge, expressly disinheriting her heirs. A further clause provided, "Any portion of my estate which shall be held to have been disposed of in violation of section 41 of the Probate Code shall be distributed to my friend, Eleanor Mott." Section 41 provides that charitable gifts made by a testator, survived by certain designated relatives, including nephews and nieces, "who, under the will, or the laws of succession, would otherwise have taken the property so bequeathed or devised," would be invalid unless executed at least thirty days prior …
Corporations--Transfer Of Shares--Restriction By Shareholders' Agreement, John E. Grosboll
Corporations--Transfer Of Shares--Restriction By Shareholders' Agreement, John E. Grosboll
Michigan Law Review
The original shareholders of a family corporation had entered into a private agreement, noted on the stock certificates, which provided that before sale by any of the parties of any stock to a non-member, such stock must first be offered to the remaining stockholders. Defendant B, the widow of one of the founders, contracted to sell her stock to plaintiff, a non-member, without first offering it to defendants L and M, who own the balance of the stock. Plaintiff now seeks specific performance of his contract with defendant B. Defendants L and M seek to exercise their …
Criminal Law-National Stolen Property Act--Application Of Kann V. United States, Edward S. Tripp
Criminal Law-National Stolen Property Act--Application Of Kann V. United States, Edward S. Tripp
Michigan Law Review
Defendant, as payee, knowingly negotiated forged checks at Jackson, Michigan. The checks were forwarded to the drawee bank in Missouri for payment and were returned unpaid. Defendant was convicted for violation of the National Stolen Property Act. The Circuit Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit reversed on authority of Kann v. United States. On certiorari to the United States Supreme Court, held, reversed. The circuit court erred in basing its interpretation of the National Stolen Property Act on Kann v. United States. Two justices dissented without opinion. United States v. Sheridan, (U.S. 1946) 67 S. …
Duress Through Civil Litigation: I, John P. Dawson
Duress Through Civil Litigation: I, John P. Dawson
Michigan Law Review
Duress through the use of civil litigation provides a convenient starting point for an analysis of modern doctrines of economic duress. The propriety of this form of pressure, used alone or in conjunction with other means of coercion, may become an issue in a variety of situations in which relief for duress is asked. At the same time it is in this area that the extension of duress as a remedial principle has encountered the greatest resistance.
Libel And Slander-Classification Of Defamatory Broadcasts From A Prepared Script, Robert L. Cardon S.Ed.
Libel And Slander-Classification Of Defamatory Broadcasts From A Prepared Script, Robert L. Cardon S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
In an action for libel or slander, plaintiff's complaint alleged that defendant, a radio commentator, broadcast from a prepared script a charge that plaintiff was the leader of a movement which favored peace because Germany was losing the war and blamed the United States for killing children in Europe and Asia. Defendant moved to dismiss the complaint; held, that the complaint stated a good cause of action. Since the remarks complained of were not defamatory per se, the court considered the decision as turning on whether they constituted libel or slander and held that they were libelous, distinguishing a …
Bailment-Unknown Chattels Contained In Object Bailed, B. E. Heath
Bailment-Unknown Chattels Contained In Object Bailed, B. E. Heath
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff's automobile was stolen from defendant's parking lot. Plaintiff had previously disclosed to defendant's agent that certain things were in the car, but had failed to mention other items also present. In an action to recover the value of all the items, held, recovery allowed only for those things that defendant knew were in the automobile, he being a bailee of those things only. Palotto v. Hanna Parking Garage Co., (Ohio 1946) 68 N.E. (2d) 170.
The Political And Social Factor In Legal Interpretation, Roscoe Pound
The Political And Social Factor In Legal Interpretation, Roscoe Pound
Michigan Law Review
We may think of the task of the legal order as one of maintaining the inner order of a politically organized society. The term "law" is not uncommonly used to include the task and the agencies by which we endeavor to achieve it. Thus it is used (as by sociologists and by the historical jurists) for all social control, and, by those who limit the term to a highly specialized social control through politically organized society, for (1) the legal order, the regime of adjusting relations and ordering conduct by systematic employment of the force of a state (the type …
Sunday Laws-Illegality Of Sunday Contracts, Robert O. Hancox S.Ed.
Sunday Laws-Illegality Of Sunday Contracts, Robert O. Hancox S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
The concept of the Sabbath, the setting apart of one day in seven as a day of rest, was derived from the Mosaic code, the Fourth Commandment directs abstention from labor on the seventh day of the week, and although there is nothing in the New Testament relating to Sunday, the Christian world adopted the first day of the week as a day of rest. Constantine, by an edict in 321 A.D., ordered the suspension on Sunday of all business in the courts of law, except the manumission of slaves, and all other- business except agricultural labor.
Deeds--Co-Tenancy--Conveyance By Grantor To Himself And Wife, John F. O'Connor S.Ed.
Deeds--Co-Tenancy--Conveyance By Grantor To Himself And Wife, John F. O'Connor S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Decedent executed a deed conveying to himself and wife "as joint tenants and not as tenants in common with the right of survivorship." After decedent's death, the surviving spouse, plaintiff in this action for specific performance, entered into a contract to sell the land described in the conveyance to defendants who declined to accept a deed from the plaintiff. Defense, that the conveyance executed by decedent did not create a joint tenancy, therefore plaintiff did not have full title to convey. Held, the deed created a joint tenancy with the right of survivorship in the wife, the surviving wife …
Executors And Administrators-Priority Of Payment Of United States Claims, E. M. Deal S.Ed.
Executors And Administrators-Priority Of Payment Of United States Claims, E. M. Deal S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
When decedent died in 1940, his personal estate was consumed by the widow's exemption and expenses of administration, leaving only a one-sixth interest in certain real estate formerly owned by his deceased father. Proceedings to partition this property resulted in a sum of $2,306.17 payable to decedent's widow, subject to the payment of his debts. The executors of one Davidson who had obtained a $24,588.00 judgment against decedent in 1933 claimed the entire fund as did the United States under tax liens entered in 1940 and 1941 of $2,202.89 and $8,904.67. The government based its claim on section 3466 of …
Constitutional Law-Search And Seizure, Howard A. Jacobs S.Ed.
Constitutional Law-Search And Seizure, Howard A. Jacobs S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
The most important step in the development of this constitutional provision came in 1886 in the famous case of Boyd v. United States. There the Court gave life to the Fourth Amendment by recognizing its intimate relation to the Fifth Amendment; thus laying the foundation for the federal rule that the Fifth Amendment protects every person from incrimination by the use of evidence obtained through search or seizure made in violation of his rights under the Fourth Amendment. With the exception of a temporary setback in 1903, this rule, as restated in the Weeks case, has effectively weathered a …
Agency-Implied Agency-Effect Of Principal's Acquiescence In Agent's Collection Where Such Authority Is Denied, Shubrick T. Kothe S.Ed.
Agency-Implied Agency-Effect Of Principal's Acquiescence In Agent's Collection Where Such Authority Is Denied, Shubrick T. Kothe S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Defendant's predecessor gave a promissory note in payment for goods delivered to him by a local merchant, who advertised himself as plaintiff's dealer. The note was payable at plaintiff's home office, and the conditional sale contract also provided that the payments were to be made at that office. The first two payments were made to the dealer, and subsequently accepted by the plaintiff. The third and final payment was also made to the dealer but not received by the company. Suit was instituted for the amount of the final payment. Judgment rendered on demurrer for the plaintiff. Held, the …
Corporations-Foreign Corporations-Jurisdiction In Derivative Suits, E. M. Deal S.Ed.
Corporations-Foreign Corporations-Jurisdiction In Derivative Suits, E. M. Deal S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
As an aftermath of the much publicized circus fire in Hartford, Connecticut, on July 6, 1944, owners of 37 per cent of the stock of the circus corporation brought a derivative action against the officers and directors alleging failure to observe proper precautions and asking that the corporation be indemnified for losses sustained and for an accounting for certain corporation funds spent for the benefit of one of the- defendant directors. The suit was instituted in New York where the corporation was licensed to do business although the circus was incorporated in Delaware, wintered in Florida, and the cause of …
De Minimis Non Curat Lex, Max L. Veech, Charles R. Moon
De Minimis Non Curat Lex, Max L. Veech, Charles R. Moon
Michigan Law Review
An age-old maxim often applied but infrequently rationalized is that of de minimus non curat lex. In the recent case of Steve Anderson v. Mt. Clemens Pottery Company, the United States Supreme Court focused attention upon the doctrine by ruling that it should be applied in determining whether "walking time" and other "preliminary activities" constitute "work" for which employees are entitled to compensation under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. The so-called "portal-to-portal" problems which have arisen as a result of the last mentioned ruling make timely a discussion of the origin, meaning, function and application of …
Contracts-Tender-Check As Tender, George A. Rinker
Contracts-Tender-Check As Tender, George A. Rinker
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff had paid $300 as down payment on a restaurant under contract of purchase from defendant. On the day specified in the contract for payment of the balance, plaintiff tendered to defendant a check drawn on the local bank and bearing the notation "OK G. R. P ." Defendant refused the check, saying he did not have to accept a check in payment, and that he did not know what the notation meant, even though plaintiff had told him it was placed there by the president of the local: bank, and meant that the check was good. Plaintiff recovered damages …
Corporations-Accrued Preferred Stock Dividends-Charter Amendment, T. M. Kubiniec S.Ed.
Corporations-Accrued Preferred Stock Dividends-Charter Amendment, T. M. Kubiniec S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
In 1943 defendant corporation's charter was amended to cancel 5 per cent cumulative preferred stock, outstanding since 1926 or earlier, and all accrued dividends in exchange for new 5 per cent ,non-cumulative preferred and non-voting common stock. Dividends had accumulated on the old preferred stock both before and after 1939 in a total amount of $50 per share. The recapitalization plan rested on a 1939 amendment to the Ohio General Code providing that the terms of outstanding stock can be changed "in such a manner as to discharge (without payment), adjust or eliminate rights to accrued undeclared cumulative dividends" by …
Corporations--Amendment Of By-Laws By Custom, Cornelia Groefsema S.Ed.
Corporations--Amendment Of By-Laws By Custom, Cornelia Groefsema S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
In an application for a preliminary injunction to prevent stockholders from exercising their rights of ownership until there had been a determination whether such stock should be cancelled because issued without corporate authorization, the success of the petitioner depended upon whether a quorum of the directors was present at the meeting authorizing its issuance. This in turn depended upon whether the by-law requiring a board of directors of ten members had been amended by custom to require only seven. For the four years preceeding the meeting at which the stock was authorized, during which time, however, there were neither directors' …
Corporations-Torts-Liability Of A Corporate Officer For Inducing Corporation To Breach Its Contract, Ira M. Price, Ii
Corporations-Torts-Liability Of A Corporate Officer For Inducing Corporation To Breach Its Contract, Ira M. Price, Ii
Michigan Law Review
Defendant corporation elected to redeem its outstanding preferred stock at a price of $65 a share including accumulated dividends. When plaintiff tendered its certificates of the preferred stock for transfer to the corporation, the company refused to accept the certificates or to pay for them at their redemption price. Plaintiff alleged that defendant Vincent, president of defendant corporation and owner of most of its common stock, conspired with and induced the company to break its stock redemption contract with plaintiff after plaintiff's refusal to agree to share with Vincent 50 p.er cent of any profits that might accrue from redemption …
Corporations--Voting Trusts--Non-Compliance With Statute As Basis For Judicial Termination, Robert K. Eifler S.Ed.
Corporations--Voting Trusts--Non-Compliance With Statute As Basis For Judicial Termination, Robert K. Eifler S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Common stockholders of a corporation which had on December 15, 1938 made a valid five year extension of a voting trust agreement originally entered into on January 22, 1929 attempted on May 27, 1939, to extend further the agreement for an additional five years. Following a dispute over the election of corporate directors almost two years after the termination of the first extension, certain holders of voting trust certificates brought bills in chancery to compel redelivery of the common stock registered in the names of the voting trustees and to declare the invalidity of the election. Held, the instrument …
Federal Procedure-Impleader Under Rule I4-Lack Of Diversity Of Citizenship Between Original Plaintiff And Third-Party Defendant, Frank E. Roegge S.Ed.
Federal Procedure-Impleader Under Rule I4-Lack Of Diversity Of Citizenship Between Original Plaintiff And Third-Party Defendant, Frank E. Roegge S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff, a citizen of Connecticut sued defendant, a citizen of Ohio, for injuries received when the car in which plaintiff was a passenger collided with a truck driven by defendant. Defendant removed the case from a Connecticut state court to a federal district court and then obtained an order citing plaintiff's husband, a citizen of Connecticut and the driver of the car in which plaintiff was riding, as a third-party defendant under Rule 14 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Defendant had no claim against the third party by Connecticut substantive law which does not recognize contribution between tort-feasors. …
Trusts-Creditors' Claims Against The Trust Property-Liability Of Trustees In Representative Capacity, T. E. Norpell
Trusts-Creditors' Claims Against The Trust Property-Liability Of Trustees In Representative Capacity, T. E. Norpell
Michigan Law Review
Suit upon two notes signed by appellees, "Trustees, trading as the Annie Reisch Investment Company, a Common Law Trust of Sangamon County, Illinois." The notes, due in four months after date of execution, were purchased by the plaintiff, appellant, from the payee bank's receiver nine years after their maturity. This action was begun by complaint and cognovit and judgment was entered against the makers individually and as trustees. The individual defendants filed motions to open judgment against them individually; and upon motion for a summary judgment filed by defendants, held, by section 20 of the Negotiable Instruments Law, defendant …
Wills--Adopted Child As "Issue" Within Meaning Of Anti-Lapse Statute, George A. Rinker
Wills--Adopted Child As "Issue" Within Meaning Of Anti-Lapse Statute, George A. Rinker
Michigan Law Review
Testatrix, by her will, left the residue of her estate to her two sisters, their heirs and assigns forever. Appellee, an adopted daughter of one sister who predeceased testatrix, claimed one half of the residue by substitution under the Ohio anti-lapse statute. Held, an adopted child is "issue" within the meaning of the anti-lapse statute, which in terms provides that issue of a predeceased devisee will take. Appellee takes by substitution for her adoptive mother. Flynn v. Bredbeck, (Ohio 1946) 68 N.K (2d) 75.
Corporations-Sale Of All Or Substantially All Of Corporate Assets-Effect Of Modern Statutes, P. F. Westbrook, Jr. S.Ed.
Corporations-Sale Of All Or Substantially All Of Corporate Assets-Effect Of Modern Statutes, P. F. Westbrook, Jr. S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Modern general corporation acts commonly provide that a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of a corporation organized thereunder may be authorized by the affirmative vote of a specified proportion of the outstanding shares and made upon such terms as the board of directors shall deem expedient and for the best interests of the corporation. Since this sale provision usually stands apart from the dissolution or winding-up process authorized in the same acts, a legislative intent to govern all voluntary sales, not actually incident to dissolution by the terms of the statute would seem to be clear. …
Constitutional Law-Due Process Of Law-Freedom Of The Press To Criticize The Judiciary-Clear And Present Danger Test, Merrill N. Johnson
Constitutional Law-Due Process Of Law-Freedom Of The Press To Criticize The Judiciary-Clear And Present Danger Test, Merrill N. Johnson
Michigan Law Review
The editor and publisher of the Miami Herald published two editorials and a cartoon which inaccurately portrayed the local circuit court as willing to "accept, even go out to find, every possible technicality of the law to protect the defendant, to block, thwart, hinder, embarass and nullify prosecution" in certain criminal cases then before the court. They were cited in contempt of the circuit court for tending to obstruct and interfere with the impartial administration of justice. Found guilty of the charges, the petitioners appealed to the Florida Supreme Court, which affirmed the decision declaring that the object of the …
Labor Law-Injunction-United States V. United Mine Workers Of America, R. L. Cardon, R. O. Hancox S.Ed., P. F. Westbrook, Jr. S.Ed.
Labor Law-Injunction-United States V. United Mine Workers Of America, R. L. Cardon, R. O. Hancox S.Ed., P. F. Westbrook, Jr. S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
This comment was originally prepared as a discussion of the decision of the District Court for the District of Columbia. Since it seemed probable that the Supreme Court's decision would be rendered before or shortly after the comment could be published in normal course, the editors decided to delay the printing of this issue of the Review so that a discussion of the Supreme Court opinions could be included. References to the opinions of the Supreme Court Justices appear in brackets.Ed.] Following a breakdown in the collective bargaining process in the spring of 1946 between the majority of …
Trusts-Illusory Transfer-Rights Of Surviving Widow, John E. Grosboll S.Ed.
Trusts-Illusory Transfer-Rights Of Surviving Widow, John E. Grosboll S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
On May 12, 1939, the testator created an inter vivos trust, the corpus consisting of roo shares of stock in a closed corporation, of which the testator was president and a director. He reserved the life income and the right to revoke or modify the trust agreement. The agreement gave no express authority to the trustee to sell or invest the trust property. It did, however, authorize the trustee to vote the stock, but further authorized him to enter into a trust agreement with the remaining four stockholders, which was done on May 15, 1939. This had the effect of …
Book Notes, Michigan Law Review
Book Notes, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
This department undertakes to list and when possible, describe briefly current books on law and matters closely related thereto.
Future Interests-Rule Against Perpetuities-Contingent Remainders In The Alternative-Rule Of Loddington V. Kime-Power Of Appointment, Shubrick T. Kothe S.Ed.
Future Interests-Rule Against Perpetuities-Contingent Remainders In The Alternative-Rule Of Loddington V. Kime-Power Of Appointment, Shubrick T. Kothe S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Prior to her marriage, settlor created a trust, reserving to herself a life estate, with general testamentary power of appointment over the corpus. The trust deed provided further that in default of appointment, "or as to any part of said estate as to which the appointment may for any reason fail to take effect," the property was to remain in trust to pay one-half the income to her fiancé for life, if he should survive her, the other half to her children who survived or the issue of deceased children, and to pay over the principal when the youngest taker …
Trusts-Where Settlor Has Previously Made An Absolute Gift Of Corpus To Trustee-Self Declaration Of Trust, L. B. Brody S.Ed.
Trusts-Where Settlor Has Previously Made An Absolute Gift Of Corpus To Trustee-Self Declaration Of Trust, L. B. Brody S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
In 1930 plaintiff received certain shares of stock from his uncle by way of outright gift. Seven months later, in order to decrease inheritance taxes at the time of the death of the donee, a declaration of trust was prepared and executed by the original donor as settlor, and indorsed by the donee "as Trustee, to evidence his acceptance of the Trusts herein expressed," at which time the donee surrendered the certificate of shares originally given him and was issued a new certificate as trustee. Plaintiff now sues for an annulment of the instrument. Held, the document was void …
Soviet Law Of Inheritance: I, Vladimir Gsovski
Soviet Law Of Inheritance: I, Vladimir Gsovski
Michigan Law Review
The Soviet law of inheritance has suffered several drastic changes. Not only were the statutory provisions changed, but the attitude of soviet jurists to the very institution of devolution of property on death has presented a constantly changing picture.