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Articles 31 - 44 of 44
Full-Text Articles in Law
Sex, Allies And Bfoqs: The Case For Not Allowing Foreign Corporations To Violate Title Vii In The United States, Keith Sealing
Sex, Allies And Bfoqs: The Case For Not Allowing Foreign Corporations To Violate Title Vii In The United States, Keith Sealing
Maine Law Review
The extent to which foreign corporations as well as their domestic subsidiaries can discriminate against American employees on the basis of sex, age, religion, and national origin in a manner that would be acceptable under their own laws and customs but inimical to American law is currently determined by a muddled jumble of circuit court opinions interpreting a “[w]e express no view” Supreme Court footnote. As a result, American victims of sexual discrimination have much less protection under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 when the discriminating actor is a foreign corporation or its domestic subsidiary than …
Congressional Power To Regulate Sex Discrimination: The Effect Of The Supreme Court's "New Federalism", Calvin Massey
Congressional Power To Regulate Sex Discrimination: The Effect Of The Supreme Court's "New Federalism", Calvin Massey
Maine Law Review
Congressional power to prevent and remedy sex discrimination in employment has been founded almost entirely upon the commerce power and Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment, which gives Congress power “to enforce, by appropriate legislation” the equal protection guarantee. The commerce power has enabled Congress to prohibit private sex discrimination in employment, and the combination of the commerce and enforcement powers has enabled Congress to prohibit such sex discrimination by public employers. From the late 1930s until the early 1990s the doctrinal architecture of these powers was relatively stable, even if statutory action to realize the promise of a nondiscriminatory …
The Unenforced Promise Of Equal Pay Acts: A National Problem And Possible Solution From Maine, Elizabeth J. Wyman Esq.
The Unenforced Promise Of Equal Pay Acts: A National Problem And Possible Solution From Maine, Elizabeth J. Wyman Esq.
Maine Law Review
Equal pay for women is a concept that has been around for a long time. It was during World War I that women were first guaranteed pay equity in the form of regulations enforced by the War Labor Board of 1918. The Board's equal pay policy required manufacturers, who put women on the payroll while male employees were serving in the military, to pay those women the same wages that were paid to the men. The National War Labor Board continued that trend through World War II. Shortly after the war, states began enacting statutes that required employers to pay …
Keynote Address: The Difference "Difference" Makes, Deborah L. Rhode
Keynote Address: The Difference "Difference" Makes, Deborah L. Rhode
Maine Law Review
Over the last two decades, we have witnessed a transformation for women in law, but not a transformation in leadership positions. Almost 30% of lawyers are women, but they represent only about 15% of federal judges and law firm partners, and about 10% of law school deans and general counsel positions at Fortune 500 companies. The same patterns are apparent in other leadership sectors, such as management and politics. Women are half the electorate but only 15% of Congress and 6% of state governors. They account for about half of managers but only 1% of the Chief Executive Officers of …
Foreword: Law, Labor And Gender, Jennifer B. Wriggins
Foreword: Law, Labor And Gender, Jennifer B. Wriggins
Maine Law Review
The theme of the conference, Law, Labor, & Gender, came out of a working group comprised of law students, lawyers, a judge, and myself. We thought that a number of issues deserved attention, ranging from current jurisprudence on employment discrimination to more theoretical issues having to do with work/family dilemmas. Professor Deborah Rhode kindly accepted our invitation to be the keynote speaker, and various other academic speakers also agreed to present papers. The working group, and the editors of the Maine Law Review, drafted and sent out a call for papers to approximately 1600 law professors and others. The Law …
Jespersen V. Harrah's Operating Co.: Employer Appearance Standards And The Promotion Of Gender Stereotypes, Hillary J. Bouchard
Jespersen V. Harrah's Operating Co.: Employer Appearance Standards And The Promotion Of Gender Stereotypes, Hillary J. Bouchard
Maine Law Review
In Jespersen v. Harrah’s Operating Co., Harrah’s Casino (Harrah’s) gave Darlene Jespersen (Jespersen), a female employee, thirty days to comply with the new mandatory makeup requirement the business imposed on its female beverage service employees. Jespersen refused, thirty days passed, and Harrah’s immediately terminated her. After unsuccessfully seeking administrative relief with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), Jespersen filed a lawsuit against Harrah’s in federal district court. The claim alleged “disparate treatment sex discrimination” by Harrah’s in violation of Title VII. Subsequently, Harrah’s moved for summary judgment, and the district court granted the motion. The court found that Harrah’s employee …
Gender And Nation-Building: Family Law As Legal Architecture, Tracy E. Higgins, Rachel P. Fink
Gender And Nation-Building: Family Law As Legal Architecture, Tracy E. Higgins, Rachel P. Fink
Maine Law Review
In considering the legal architecture of nation-building, we might most readily think of public law as our subject insofar as it governs the relationship between the individual and the state, and establishes the institutions of governance and the sources and limits of their power. The essays in this volume, in large part, track this instinct in that they concern themselves with fields such as constitutional law, criminal law, and public international law. Closer to the margin of public and private law are essays dealing with various dimensions of the modern regulatory state, including banking and commercial transactions. In each of …
Women In The Legal Profession From The 1920s To The 1970s: What Can We Learn From Their Experience About Law And Social Change?, Cynthia Grant Bowman
Women In The Legal Profession From The 1920s To The 1970s: What Can We Learn From Their Experience About Law And Social Change?, Cynthia Grant Bowman
Maine Law Review
I work in a law school building that is named for Jane M.G. Foster, who donated the money for its construction. It’s a lovely building, and my office overlooks a gorge so that I can hear the water fall as I write. So I’m grateful to Jane Foster. And curious. Who was she? Jane Foster graduated from Cornell Law School in 1918, having served as an editor of the law review and being elected to the Order of the Coif. But no law firm wanted her services. She obtained employment not as a lawyer but as a legal assistant in …
Constitution Day Lecture: Constitutional Law And Tort Law: Injury, Race, Gender, And Equal Protection, Jennifer B. Wriggins
Constitution Day Lecture: Constitutional Law And Tort Law: Injury, Race, Gender, And Equal Protection, Jennifer B. Wriggins
Maine Law Review
The focus of today’s annual Constitution Day lecture at the University of Maine School of Law is on the Fourteenth Amendment and specifically how the Equal Protection Clause relates to tort law. First, I will talk about the Equal Protection Clause in general—what it says, and some of what it has been held to mean—particularly where government makes distinctions based on race and gender. Second, I will discuss two historical tort cases that violate equal protection on the basis of race. In doing so, I uncover the racial history of tort law that has been hidden in plain sight. I …
Putting The Restroom Debate To Rest: Addressing Title Ix And Equal Protection In G.G. Ex Rel. Grimm V. Gloucester County School Board, Alexandra A. Harriman
Putting The Restroom Debate To Rest: Addressing Title Ix And Equal Protection In G.G. Ex Rel. Grimm V. Gloucester County School Board, Alexandra A. Harriman
Maine Law Review
Courts, legislatures, and citizens have been debating whether transgender students should use the restroom that corresponds to their biological sex, or whether they can choose to use the facilities which align with their gender identity. The Fourth Circuit decided that Title IX required the latter in G.G. ex. rel. Grimm v. Gloucester County School Board, but that didn't settle the issue. To complicate things, the Trump Administration revoked the guidance that the Fourth Circuit had relied on. This Note argues that a court should resolve this once and for all by finding that a school policy that requires students to …
A Bibliography Of Title Ix Of The Education Amendments Of 1972, Christine Iaconeta Dulac
A Bibliography Of Title Ix Of The Education Amendments Of 1972, Christine Iaconeta Dulac
Faculty Publications
It has been thirty-five years since the passage of Title IX of the Education Amendment of 1972. Title IX provides that no person shall be excluded from participation in any educational program or activity that receives federal funding. This legislation is credited with bolstering the participation rates of girls and women in athletics. Although athletics are not explicitly addressed in the statutory language, Title IX requires schools to offer male and female students equal opportunities to play sports, to give male and female athletes their fair share of athletic scholarship money, and to treat male and female athletes equally in …
Shaping Regional Economies To Sustain Quality Work: The Cooperative Health Care Network, Peter R. Pitegoff
Shaping Regional Economies To Sustain Quality Work: The Cooperative Health Care Network, Peter R. Pitegoff
Faculty Publications
This chapter chronicles a creative response to social retrenchment, a saga of strategic deployment of accessible resources and a reshaping of regional economic forces for the benefit of targeted labor markets. While charting its own course, CHCB is part of a mutually supportive network of health care employers and trainers, including successful home care companies in Philadelphia and the South Bronx. Together, these three corporations form the core of the Cooperative Health Care Network and employ over 500 home health aides. About 80 percent of the employees were formerly dependent on public assistance. The network [network] experience and their applicability …
Child Care Policy And The Welfare Reform Act, Peter R. Pitegoff
Child Care Policy And The Welfare Reform Act, Peter R. Pitegoff
Faculty Publications
This article sketches the 1996 Welfare Reform Act's major changes with particular attention to federally subsidized child care for low-income families.
Child Care Enterprise, Community Development, And Work, Peter R. Pitegoff
Child Care Enterprise, Community Development, And Work, Peter R. Pitegoff
Faculty Publications
Child care enterprise can be a vehicle for community-based economic development. Beyond the critical goal of child care service, day care as an enterprise can help build capacity for job creation and entrepreneurship in the inner city and in disadvantaged communities. Stable child care institutions with quality jobs can sound a counterpoint to the feminization of poverty. The demand for child care services is substantial and growing. In single parent families and in households with two working parents, day care is essential to enable parents to work or go to school. Further, high quality early childhood programs can have a …