Law Commons^™

Wealth Transfers As The Original And Primary Concern Of Antitrust: The Efficiency Interpretation Challenged, Robert H. Lande

UC Law Journal

This Article challenges the prevalent view that Congress enacted the Sherman, Clayton, and Federal Trade Commission Acts solely to enhance economic efficiency. Based on a reappraisal of the relevant legislative histories, the author concludes that Congress' primary goal in each instance was to prevent the formation of market power which could cause consumers to pay supracompetitive prices. This reflects an emphasis on wealth transfers as distinct from economic efficiency. The resolution of this issue will have a pivotal effect on the interpretation and application of the antitrust laws.

Parens Patriae Actions On Behalf Of Indirect Purchasers: Do They Survive Illinois Brick, Susan Harriman

UC Law Journal

In 1976, Congress passed the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Enforcement Act. This Act empowered state attorneys general to sue as parens patriae on behalf of citizens of their state to obtain monetary relief under section 4 of the Clayton Act for antitrust violations. A year later the Act appeared to have been emasculated by the United States Supreme Court in Illinois Brick Co. v. Illinois, which barred monetary recovery by indirect purchasers under section 4 of the Clayton Act. This Comment argues that state attorneys general should be allowed to sue on behalf of indirect purchasers because the policy considerations that preoccupied …

The Courts In Broadcast Regulatory Policy-Making, Lawrence D. Longley, Erwin G. Krasnow, Herbert A. Terry

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

In the early decades of broadcast regulation, the regulatory process was dominated by (and largely restricted to) three major participants--Congress, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), and the industry itself. This balance of forces has now been altered by the increased involvement of three new participants in broadcast regulatory policy making the public, in the form of citizen groups; the White House, by means of special advisory bodies, appointment powers, budgetary control, and active communication-oriented divisions of Cabinet level agencies; and the courts, in the form of judicial opinions prescribing and precluding FCC policy initiatives. These three new activist participants in …

Control Of, And Access To, On-Line Computer Data Bases: Some First Amendment Issues In Videotex And Teletext, Henry Beck

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

Information stored in centralized data banks is now accessible by home computer over telephone and cable networks, and through over-the-air broadcasting. The proprietors of these data banks may be said to "publish" their information each time an end-user retrieves information from their data bases. If taken seriously, this concept of "electronic publication" raises important first amendment questions.

After a brief introduction to the nature of the new medium, this article discusses some of the first amendment issues involved in access to stored information bases and the "mirror image" problem of controlling such stored information. Because many of the potential first …

Federal Preemption Of State Obscenity Law Applied To Broadcasting, William Hanks, Steve Coran

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

With the expansion of cable and free-air subscription television into more markets, interstate transmission by satellite and by broadcasting have frequently included R-rated movies. This increases the likelihood that states will apply obscenity laws and other laws related to program content to television programming. This article argues that state obscenity laws applied to broadcasting are preempted by federal law. There are several grounds for concluding that Congress intended to preempt: (1) the Communications Act empowered the FCC to establish a nationwide telecommunications system, and it is probable that state obscenity laws would conflict with each other and with federal broadcast …

Cable Television Secured Financing, Robert G. Weiss, Alan G. Benjamin

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

Lenders financing cable television construction and operation commonly use the cable television system itself as collateral. This article focuses on the documentation requirements and the legal impediments to realization of anticipated cash flow. Documentation includes the security agreement and the financing statement; this article also examines documentation in relation to the municipal franchise. Legal impediments include rate controls, recent developments in antitrust law and competition from alternative technological systems such as subscription television, direct broadcast satellite, multipoint distribution service, satellite master antenna television, low power television and home view networks.

People Ex Rel. Gow V. Mitchell Brothers: California Gropes For A Civil Obscenity Standard, Peter F. Frost

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

Recent years have seen an increase in the number of civil nuisance actions to restrain the exhibition of obscenity. Authorities have split over whether civil or criminal procedural standards should govern such actions. The California Court of Appeal, in People ex rel. Gow v. Mitchell Brothers Theatre, has addressed some of these issues. The author examines the court's reasoning regarding the appropriate remedies and standard of proof in such actions. In addition, the author addresses the propriety of a jury trial, concluding that a jury trial should be a matter of right in the determination of obscenity.

Mississippi's Prohibition Of Alcoholic Beverage Advertising: A Constitutional Analysis, Charlotte K. Ito

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

Mississippi prohibits alcoholic beverage advertising to further its interest in promoting temperance. This note applies the first amendment commercial speech standard to the advertising ban and concludes that the alcoholic beverage advertising ban is an unconstitutional restraint of free speech. Further consideration of the interplay between the first and twenty first amendments indicates that to the extent that the ban violates first amendment interests, it is unsupported by the twenty first amendment.

Feature Film Secured Financing: A Transactional Approach For Lender's Counsel, Robert G. Weiss, Alan G. Benjamin

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

The authors describe the legal techniques that can be used by a secured lender's counsel to reduce the risks attendant upon the interim financing of feature films. The authors tell counsel how to accomplish the essential and inter-related tasks of (1) defining, perfecting and protecting a security interest in the feature film and related collateral; (2) assuring timely and on-budget delivery of the feature film; and (3) assuring receipt of promised presale advances used to "take out" the interim lender.

Copyright Infringement: An Argument For The Elimination Of The Scenes A Faire Doctrine, Don M. Tamura

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

This note deals with a relatively obscure aspect of copyright law-the scones a faire doctrine. In recent years it has gained popularity as a defense for potential infringers. The note first discusses the background of copyright law and the elements of a copyright infringement action. Then, two major theories and a procedural methodology are outlined before the scones a faire doctrine is defined and analyzed. After comparing the doctrine with the established theories of copyright protection, the author concludes that the doctrine is seriously flawed and conflicts with the other theories.

Divorce In The Entertainment Industry - Some Special Problems, Ovvie Miller

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

Lawyers representing divorce clients in the entertainment industry are often presented with cases where the parties have substantial variations in annual income. Claims involving characterization and valuation of unique assets such as "right of publicity" also arise regularly. The legal background of these matters is reviewed from the perspective of California and New York law. The author offers practical advice to the lawyer who may have a case where these issues are presented.

On The Territoriality Principle In Public International Law, Gerhard Kegel, Ignaz Seidl-Hohenveldern

UC Law SF International Law Review

In public international law, the territoriality principle generally means that types of state action directly benefiting the acting state are effective only within the territory of that state. The Article focuses on the concept of this principle and its applicability in the world order with emphasis on the international law of expropriation. The case law in several major countries is summarized to support the argument that territoriality is the test of recognition of certain state acts, particularly expropriation.

Anatomy Of A Dispute Clause: Intergovernmental Arbitration Under The Spacelab Agreement, Mary M. Lovik

UC Law SF International Law Review

Using the dispute resolution clauses in the Agreement for a Cooperative Programme Concerning the Development of a Space Laboratory between the United States and the member governments of the European Space Agency, this Note examines the basic issues presented under international law when a dispute between states is submitted to arbitration. These issues include the jurisdiction of the tribunal, the applicable law, the constitution of the tribunal, and the subject matter of the dispute. The discussion also considers the requirements for submitting an intergovernmental dispute to arbitration under United States domestic law, focusing primarily on the use of executive agreements …

The Family Affinities Of Common-Law And Civil-Law Legal Systems, Craig M. Lawson

UC Law SF International Law Review

Common law and civil law are generally regarded as being within the small number of major legal systems in the world today. Recent scholarship has indicated, however, a substantial merger of these two systems. The author shows that although still distinct, common law and civil law are converging members of a single larger legal system, which he terms the Western liberal democratic legal family. Although the similarities between these two branches are numerous, the larger Western liberal legal systems are now dominated by public law.

In Anticipation Of Subterrestrial Delimitation, D. S. Avery

UC Law SF International Law Review

The interior of the earth has scarcely been touched upon in jurisprudence. Although the principle of dominion under land by the owner of surface property has been in existence since the time of Roman law, the need to address the question of who owns inner-earth is long overdue. This Article attempts to answer that question by examining modem delimitation theories that have been applied to the oceans and the atmosphere within the context of the physical interior of the earth. The author suggests the use of the Mohorovicic discontinuity for inner-earth delimitation and invites further inquiry from scholars, scientists, and …

Restructuring The Monroe Doctrine: Current Litigation Under Section 1983, Susan G. Kupfer

UC Law Constitutional Quarterly

No abstract provided.

Is The President Bound By The Supreme Law Of The Land--Foreign Affairs And National Security Reexamined, Jordan J. Paust

UC Law Constitutional Quarterly

No abstract provided.

A Tribute To Justice Abe Fortas, Arthur J. Goldberg

UC Law Constitutional Quarterly

No abstract provided.

Embedding Policy Statements In Statutes: A Comparative Perspective On The Genesis Of A New Public Law Jurisprudence, R. Grant Hammond

UC Law SF International Law Review

Despite the recent development of embedding policy statements or declarations into statutes, there has been a lack of general commentary on this technique of formulating legislation. This Article draws attention to this development and analyzes its potential significance. By examining some examples in the United States, Canada, and New Zealand, the author attempts to demonstrate how the technique may be a functional vehicle for a large-scale declaration of legislative and public policy objectives.

The Constitutional Limitations On State Choice Of Law: Due Process, Ralph U. Whitten

UC Law Constitutional Quarterly

No abstract provided.

Private Enforcement Of Federal Statutes: The Role Of The Section 1983 Remedy, Paul Wartelle, Jeffrey Hadley Louden

UC Law Constitutional Quarterly

No abstract provided.

Crumbling Wall Between Church And State: Attorney General Supervision Of Religious Corporations In California, Erin M. Ryan

UC Law Constitutional Quarterly

No abstract provided.

California's Nuclear Power Regulations: Federal Preemption, Dan M. Berkovitz

UC Law Constitutional Quarterly

No abstract provided.

Gender Equality And Judicial Federalism: The Role Of State Appellate Courts, G. Alan Tarr, Mary Cornelia Porter

UC Law Constitutional Quarterly

No abstract provided.

Constitution, Congress, And Court: On The Theory, Law, And Politics Of Appellate Jurisdiction Of The United States Supreme Court, Leland E. Beck

UC Law Constitutional Quarterly

No abstract provided.

Fair Use And Audiovisual Criticism, Brian S. O'Malley

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

The doctrine of fair use, recently codified at 17 U.S.C. § 107, has long been recognized as a defense to infringement actions where excerpts of a copyrighted work were used in a criticism of that work. Two recent

cases, however, Iowa State University v. ABC and Roy Export v. CBS, have rejected defenses of fair use of audiovisual excerpts. This note traces the history of the fair use doctrine as it has been used in cases involving criticism, and as it has been applied to visual and audiovisual materials. The author proposes a "subject of the criticism" analysis for examining …

The Author, The Irs And Prepublication Expenditures, David Walton

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

Authors have customarily deducted expenditures incurred in preparing a book for publication. The IRS has taken the position that such expenditures should be capitalized and then amortized. In the recent case of Faura v. Commissioner, the Tax Court allowed authors to deduct prepublication expenditures rather than capitalize them. In 1976, section 280 was added to the Internal Revenue Code by the 1976 Tax Reform Act. This section appears to require authors to capitalize prepublication expenditures for books. The Tax Reform Act of 1976 also contained section 2119 which allows authors to deduct prepublication expenditures until regulations are promulgated concerning them. …

A Media Labor Law Symposium: Introduction, David Tajgman

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

No abstract provided.

Music And The Law: A Comprehensive Bibliography Of Law-Related Materials, Gail Fleming Winson

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

No abstract provided.

Personal Contracts For Bargaining Unit Employees - An Analysis Of Media Labor Implications, Victor Strimbu

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

No abstract provided.