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Responsible By Design: Strategic Guidance Report On The Risks, Opportunities, And Governance Of Artificial Intelligence In The Military Domain, The Global Commission On Responsible Artificial Intelligence In The Military Domain, Mary Ellen O'Connell

Books

The Strategic Guidance Report reflects the independent judgement and deliberations of the Chair and Commissioners of GC REAIM. While the Commissioners have drawn on the valuable insights of the GC REAIM Expert Advisory Group, whose contributions, including authored policy notes, have informed aspects of this report, the responsibility for the views, recommendations, and conclusions expressed herein rests solely with the Chair and Commissioners, and does not necessarily reflect the views of the Experts or their respective organizations. The Global Commission acknowledges with appreciation the essential role of the Expert Advisory Group in supporting rigorous, multidisciplinary dialogue throughout the process.

CHAIR: …

Bill Addressing Pope's Tax Issues As A U.S. Citizen Misses The Mark, Michael S. Kirsch

Journal Articles

From the Article

In this article, Kirsch looks at the language of the Holy Sovereignty Protection Act to consider whether it addresses and resolves various tax-related issues that arise from a U.S. citizen serving as pontiff, including income tax liability, the loss of a pontiff’s U.S. citizenship status, and the pope’s obligations for foreign bank account reporting.

Mmu: 09/01/25–09/07/25, Student Bar Association

Monday Morning Update

This Week @ NDLS

Mass Times

Commons Daily Menu

Saint of the Week

General Announcements

Mmu: 08/25/25–08/31/25, Student Bar Association

Monday Morning Update

This Week @ NDLS

Mass Times

Commons Daily Menu

Saint of the Week

General Announcements

Ndls Communicator: Week Of 08.11.25, Notre Dame Law School

NDLS Communicator

The Latest News

• Notre Dame Law School's Exoneration Justice Clinic: Where legal education meets justice reform

Faculty Briefs

• Lloyd Mayer
• Francisco Urbina
• Jimmy Gurulé
• Derek Muller
• Rick Garnett
• Mary Ellen O'Connell
• Emily Bremer
• Carter Snead
• Judge Kenneth Ripple
• Nell Newton
• Vincent Phillip Muñoz

Notre Dame in the News

• Notre Dame Law School was highlighted on Above the Law's list of Law Schools with the Best Professors and Law Schools that are the Best for Federal Clerkships.
• The Exoneration Justice Clinic's Petition for Post-Conviction Relief was highlighted in a FOX59 article.

Letter From The Editor, Justin Vickers

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

The Ideological (Mis)Framing Of Comparative Procedure, Stefania Cirillo

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

This article critiques the pervasive role of ideology in comparative studies of civil procedure, rejecting the notion that scholarly interpretation is purely technical. It highlights three main harms of ideological influence: misinterpretations of legal systems, flawed rule transplants, and exclusion of Global South perspectives. These drawbacks stem from the comparatist’s tendency to adjust reality to fit ideological preconceptions, leading to distortions in comparative analysis. While ideology often distorts comparative analysis, its complete exclusion risks neglecting moral and social dimensions. Thus, the article calls for a balanced methodology: a descriptive analysis rooted in culturalism to account for the ideological and societal …

The Latin Exclusion: Examining The Eu And The White House’S Policy Favoritism Toward Migrant Sending Latin American Nations While Punishing Similar Pressures Globally, Nicolas Garon

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

Too often, negative perceptions of a country, whether from its government or a few citizens, result in broad restrictions applied to all nationals, either formally through policy or informally through officials’ discretion. A global norm persists in which nationals from poorer countries facing migratory pressures are subjected to heightened scrutiny and restrictive measures that deter movement to wealthier nations. Regardless of how liberal a receiving country may claim to be, states consistently adopt conservative stances on migration. Western nations, as primary destinations, often impose the harshest measures, such as travel bans and additional visa requirements, frequently based on speculative migration …

The Legal Framework Of Smart Contracts In The Arabian Gulf, Ilias Bantekas, Ameneh Yousuf Saif Al-Hosseini

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

New tools have aided contractual transactions, particularly so-called smart contracts. Such tools have an impact on the formation of contracts and the implementation of the parties’ mutual obligations. Entities in the Arab world have generally hesitated to apply smart contract technology to high-end transactions out of fear that at some point these will not sit comfortably with existing legislation. The civil law landscape is still blurry. This article focuses on analyzing the legal framework of smart contracts in selected Arab countries and uses English smart contract regulation in order to compare how their regulation was tamed there and whether the …

Punishment In “Disneyland”: A Magical Review Of Singaporean Sentencing Law, Policy & Practice, Lucas Brolin

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

Staying in Singapore is like visiting Disneyland, with a catch: Imagine indulging in the world’s most magical place, but Jeffrey Katzenberg gives you a walloping if you cut in line. Deploying this self-described “winning formula,” Singapore quickly rose to prosperity. Admirers and critics mutually note Singapore’s cleanliness, safety, and efficiency. Empirical metrics suggest these accolades are not anecdotal: Singapore scores at the top of global development indexes, boasts a low crime rate and high judicial clearance rate, has comprehensive infrastructure, clean public facilities and streets, and more. Singapore’s governance is rightly credited for its prosperous outcomes. However, it also invites …

“Economic Abuse” As An Element Of Domestic Violence Against Women: A Comparative Analysis Of Sri Lanka And United Kingdom, Pavithra Rajendran

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

Economic abuse, though not a new concept in commercial law, remains underdefined and underutilized in the context of domestic violence, particularly violence against women. Recent scholarly discussions emphasize the need for a clear definition of economic abuse in this context: "Economic abuse entails a deliberate pattern of control where individuals disrupt their partner's ability to acquire, use, and maintain economic resources." This highlights economic abuse as a powerful tool of control, with perpetrators employing various strategies to assert dominance. Scholars often distinguish economic abuse from financial abuse, a crucial differentiation, especially with the recent enactment of the United Kingdom’s Domestic …

Revisiting Oversight Challenges In The Nonprofit Sector: Allowing Private Parties Legal Standing, Phaguni Nangia

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

Part I of this Article will discuss the current framework for oversight of the nonprofit sector, and why this framework has been problematic in achieving effective regulatory oversight of nonprofit organizations. This Part will first address the oversight role of state officials, such as the attorneys general, and the challenges associated with it. This Part will then examine the significant number of challenges the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) faces in overseeing tax-exempt organizations, and why the IRS may not the best choice for overcoming them. This Part will conclude in an analysis of the current framework for legal standing by …

A Comparison Between U.S. Federal Tax And Khums, A Shia Islamic Tax, Carmen R. Rida

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

This Note is split into multiple sections to delve into what khums is and its treatment by American Shia Muslim taxpayers. The first part will discuss the statutory basis of the tax, the difference in statutory interpretation between Sunnis and Shia that has led to a difference in the obligation of the tax, and the beneficiaries of the tax. The second part will focus on the method of calculating the khums tax, such as what categories of income are excluded in calculating gross income, deductions from gross income, and the timing of when the tax is to be paid. Then, …

Volume 15, Issue 2 - Full Issue

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

Ndls Communicator: Week Of 07.28.25, Notre Dame Law School

NDLS Communicator

The Latest News

• Notre Dame Law School ranked fourth in federal clerkship placement for third year
• ND Law Professor Paul B. Miller elected to American Law Institute
• Program on Church, State & Society announces winners of 2025 writing competition

Faculty Briefs

• Lloyd Mayer
• Nell Jessup Newton
• Derek Muller
• Rick Garnett
• Mary Ellen O'Connel
• Emily Bremer
• Christian Burset
• Sherif Girgis
• Election Clinic Victory

Around the Watercooler

• July Birthdays Celebrated in Community

Ndls Communicator: Week Of 07.14.25, Notre Dame Law School

NDLS Communicator

The Latest News

• Notre Dame Law School Professors Sadie Blanchard and Sherif Girgis granted tenure and promoted to full professor
• Experts from across the world convene at fifth annual Notre Dame Religious Liberty Summit

Faculty Briefs

• Bob Jones
• Jay Tidmarsh
• Lloyd Mayer
• Fr. John Paul Kimes
• Derek Muller
• Rick Garnett
• Judy Fox
• Christian Burset
• Diane Desierto
• Kari Gallagher
• Mary Ellen O'Connell
• David McIlroy
• Satvinder Juss
• Jorge Barrera-Rojas

Student & Alumni News

• John F. Crowley, J.D. '89, was elected to serve on the University of Notre Dame's Board of Trustees.
• Joshua Dunlap, J.D. '08, was nominated by President Donald Trump to …

Notre Dame Lawyers Connect Summer 2025, Notre Dame Law School

Notre Dame Lawyers Connect

New Veterans Law Clinic

Two Notre Dame Law School graduates to clerk at U.S. Supreme Court

Class of 2025 Commencement

Class of 2025 Highest Academic Awards

Religious Liberty Summit

Death Penalty Abolition Week

Save the Date: 2025 Law Homecoming Weekend September 19 & 20

Notre Dame Affinity Alumni Reunion Weekend Recap

Alumni Events - New York, Indianapolis, Los Angeles

Sadie Blanchard and Sherif Girgis granted tenure and promoted to full professor

Lardy Scholarship Award 2025-26

Notre Dame Law Association

Ndls Communicator: Week Of 06.30.25, Notre Dame Law School

NDLS Communicator

The Latest News

• Religious Liberty Summit Recaps
• Notre Dame LL.M. graduates advance justice worldwide through prestigious legal placements
• Catherine's Circle Conference was held in Paris, uniting Catholic legal scholars from across Central and Eastern Europe
• Notre Dame Law School professor appointed to top Department of Justice antitrust role

Faculty Briefs

• Sam Bray
• Bruce Huber
• Mary Ellen O'Connell
• Diane Desierto
• Derek Muller
• Haley Proctor
• Carter Snead
• Rick Garnett
• Daniel Slate
• Susan Azyndar
• Gerry Bradley
• Mark Hill KC

Notre Dame Law School's Veterans Law Clinic, the Lindsay and Matt Moroun Religious Liberty Clinic, and the Religious Liberty Summit were in the news. …

Honoring Juneteenth, Tori L. Murray

BLSA Documents

Notre Dame Law School, Black Law Students Association president, Tori L. Murray, writes to remind us to take a moment to recognize today's national holiday, Juneteenth.

She writes, "Juneteenth is a landmark moment in American History: it is a day that changed the lives, and the fate, for generations of Black people in America."

Ndls Communicator: Week Of 06.16.25, Notre Dame Law School

NDLS Communicator

The Latest News

• Two Notre Dame Law School graduates to clerk at U.S. Supreme Court for the 2025-26 term
• Class of 2025 Highest Academic Awards
• Amanda Garcia receives Lardy Scholarship Award for 2025-26
• Notre Dame legal historians, one established and one emerging, receive prizes in ceremony at Supreme Court
• ND Law students compete in Willem C. Vis International Commercial Arbitration Moot in Vienna
• Program on Ethics, Compliance & Inclusion announces winners of 2025 Smith-Doheny Legal Ethics Writing Competition
• Notre Dame Law School Global Human Rights Clinic announces winners of 2025 Global Human Rights Practice Writing Competition

Faculty Briefs

• Sadie Blanchard …

Ndls Communicator: Week Of 06.02.25, Notre Dame Law School

NDLS Communicator

The Latest News

• Celebrating the Commencement of Notre Dame Law School's Class of 2025
• Notre Dame Law School announces awards for 2025 graduating class
• Kate Maxwell '25 J.D. receives 2025 NAWL Outstanding Law Student Award
• Notre Dame Law School launches new Veterans Law Clinic
• ND Law's Program on Church, State & Society names three 2025 Summer Fellows
• Ukrainian Catholic University students enrich Notre Dame Law School classrooms through ongoing exchange
• Notre Dame Law School and Indiana Justice Project Collaborate on Senate Bill 142 to Expand Access to Eviction Expungement

Faculty Briefs

• Jimmy Gurulé was featured on a Bloomberg Businessweek podcast …

The Special International Peace Zone: From History, Through Practice, Toward An End To Armed Conflict In Ukraine, Tom W. Bell

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

This paper presents the special international peace zone as both an observed and ideal institution. Such a zone quells military conflict in an area over which sovereigns make conflicting territorial claims. It operates through an interim administration, governed by its own rules, independent of any single sovereign. Past examples include the Free City of Danzig (1920-39), the Free Territory of Trieste (1947-54), and United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (1999-2008). Despite proven successes, these zones have suffered from an undue reliance on multi-national organizations—first the League of Nations and now the United Nations. Warring sovereigns seldom agree about the …

Whose Truth Commission, Lehlohonolo January

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

It is often said that the victor always dictates the narrative and thus dictates how history is represented. The end of Apartheid in South Africa wasn’t a result of an outright victorious defeat of the Apartheid State together with its institutions of coercion but rather came about as a result of a culmination of a series of events. If this adage holds true, then why is it that the narrative seems to paint a picture of a victor’s perspective? This assertion is not made lightly but is no less reflective of how the facts seem to portray themselves in that …

Letter From The Editor-In-Chief, Justin Vickers

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

Legitimacy Throughlines In The Structural Design Of International & "Internationalized" Criminal Tribunals, Michael J. Kelly

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

Today, the rather surprising and sudden surfeit of prosecutions for international crimes by states utilizing universal jurisdiction as we open the second decade of the 21^st Century may represent a preference for domestic over international criminal prosecution altogether. Yet, the legitimacy quotient remains a key part of the discussion. For example, as discussed in section V below, with respect to the crime of Russian aggression against Ukraine, opinion is divided as to whether prosecution for this crime should proceed from a newly created international tribunal or from an “internationalized” court within the Ukrainian judicial system.[1] Ukraine backs the …

Beautiful Means For Nefarious Ends, Eric Wahoff

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

This note will attempt to address the laws of art dealers and banks in a way that draws parallels with the past struggles of banks and today’s struggle in the art world to keep bad actors out. It will begin with surveying how art is currently used as a tool of criminals and the current regulatory regimes in the EU, New York, and California – the states with the most art brokers.Then the note will analyze relevant laws from the US banking industry. Finally, the note will discuss ways that banking laws that have been used to address money -laundering …

Volume 15, Issue 1 - Full Issue, Notre Dame Journal Of International & Comparative Law Volume 15

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

Building Open Finance, Douglas W. Arner, Ross P. Buckley, Christine M. Wang, Dirk A. Zetzsche

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

As one of the most digitalized sectors of the economy, finance is increasingly dependent on data. Over the past decade, the implementation of Open Banking and Open Finance in an increasing number of major jurisdictions around the world, including the European Union (EU), the United Kingdom (UK), Australia, Brazil, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), seeks to break down data silos, empower consumers, and increase competition among financial service providers, aiming to maximize the value of financial data for innovation, growth, and competitiveness. In addition to mandatory requirements, other governance approaches to Open Finance, including collaborative arrangements and voluntary initiatives, …

Commencement 2025: Dean Marcus Cole's Charge To The Graduating Class, Marcus Cole

2019–Present: G. Marcus Cole

Joseph A. Matson, Dean and Professor of Law, G. Marcus Cole delivered this charge to Notre Dame Law School’s Class of 2025 during the Law School’s Hooding Ceremony on May 17, 2025, in Purcell Pavilion.

Ndls Communicator: Week Of 05.19.25, Notre Dame Law School

NDLS Communicator

The Latest News

• Different Kind of Lawyers: Stories of the Class of 2025 Parts 2 & 3
• More Commencement Coverage
• Adjunct Professor Robert Gerberry '91 named President-Elect Designate of American Health Law Association

Faculty Briefs

• Jimmy Gurulé was quoted in articles by Ink Free News and The Indiana Lawyer about the Exoneration Justice Clinic's third successful exoneration for client Kara Beaty.
• Earlier this month, Emily Bremer served as a senior commenter at the annual spring workshop in Washington, DC hosted by ABA Administrative Law Section.
• Gerry Bradley was appointed to the White House Religious Liberty Commission as an advisory board …