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Articles 1111 - 1140 of 8932
Full-Text Articles in Law
An Ideological Odyssey: Evolution Of A Reformer, Rob Warden
An Ideological Odyssey: Evolution Of A Reformer, Rob Warden
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.
Remembering Disputed Sexual Encounters: A New Frontier For Witness Memory Research, Deborah Davis, Elizabeth F. Loftus
Remembering Disputed Sexual Encounters: A New Frontier For Witness Memory Research, Deborah Davis, Elizabeth F. Loftus
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
This paper reviews sources of distortion in memory for sexual encounters, particularly those between intoxicated participants. We review factors leading to initial misinterpretations of sexual consent including the indirect nature of sexual consent communications, misleading cultural sexual scripts, misinterpretation of passivity, and others. In this context, we consider the way in which alcohol can both contribute to initial misunderstanding and promote specific distortions in memory over time. Finally, we discuss additional influences on memory, including motivations related to self-esteem, self-concept maintenance, or litigation, and the effects of social influence from sources such as friends, forensic interviewers or therapists.
The Unindicted Co-Ejaculator And Necrophilia: Addressing Prosecutors' Logic-Defying Responses To Exculpatory Dna Results, Jacqueline Mcmurtrie
The Unindicted Co-Ejaculator And Necrophilia: Addressing Prosecutors' Logic-Defying Responses To Exculpatory Dna Results, Jacqueline Mcmurtrie
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
This article addresses a prosecutor’s development of new and bizarre theories, particularly in cases involving confession evidence, to explain away exculpatory DNA results. In Juan Rivera’s case, the prosecutor’s theory for why sperm found inside the 11-year-old victim on the day she was murdered did not belong to Rivera was that she had sex with someone before Rivera came along and raped (but did not ejaculate) and murdered her. The unnamed-lover theory is used so often by prosecutors that it has a moniker: “the unindicted co-ejaculator.” In the case of the Dixmoor Five, teenagers convicted of the rape and murder …
The Chronic Failure To Discipline Prosecutors For Misconduct: Proposals For Reform, Thomas P. Sullivan, Maurice Possley
The Chronic Failure To Discipline Prosecutors For Misconduct: Proposals For Reform, Thomas P. Sullivan, Maurice Possley
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
While most prosecutors adhere to the maxim that their primary task is to obtain just results, there are some who violate their ethical responsibilities in order to rack up convictions. This article describes the distressing, decades-long absence of discipline imposed on prosecutors whose knowing misconduct has resulted in terrible injustices being visited upon defendants throughout the country. Many honorable lawyers have failed to speak out about errant prosecutors, thus enabling their ethical breaches. The silent accessories include practicing lawyers and judges of trial and reviewing courts who, having observed prosecutorial misconduct, failed to take corrective action. Fault also lies with …
Who Could It Be Now? Challenging The Reliability Of First Time In-Court Identifications After State V. Henderson And State V. Lawson, Aliza B. Kaplan, Janis C. Puracal
Who Could It Be Now? Challenging The Reliability Of First Time In-Court Identifications After State V. Henderson And State V. Lawson, Aliza B. Kaplan, Janis C. Puracal
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
Despite the recent advances in assessing the reliability of eyewitness identifications, the focus to date has largely been identifications made pretrial. Little has been written about identifications made for the first time in the courtroom. While in-court identifications have an extraordinarily powerful effect on juries, all such identifications are potentially vulnerable to post-event memory distortion and decay. Absent an identification procedure that effectively tests the witness’s memory, it is impossible to know if the witness’s identification of the defendant is a product of his or her original memory or a product of the extraordinarily suggestive circumstances created by the in-court …
Prohibition, Stare Decisis, And The Lagging Ability Of Science To Influence Criminal Procedure, Wesley M. Oliver
Prohibition, Stare Decisis, And The Lagging Ability Of Science To Influence Criminal Procedure, Wesley M. Oliver
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
Science has revealed that, contrary to longstanding intuitions, eyewitnesses are sometimes mistaken and false confessions do occur. The methods police use to obtain identifications and confessions can affect their reliability. Yet criminal procedure does not deter investigatory methods that produce unreliable evidence as thoroughly as it does those methods that produce reliable evidence. If an officer conducts an illegal search of a car trunk, the evidence is excluded and subsequently officers know that they must follow the rules if they hope to admit the fruits of such searches. If, however, an officer creates a suggestive lineup—which risks a false conviction—the …
Prosecutors And Victims: Why Wrongful Convictions Matter, Jeanne Bishop, Mark Osler
Prosecutors And Victims: Why Wrongful Convictions Matter, Jeanne Bishop, Mark Osler
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
Often, discussions of wrongful convictions focus almost entirely on the wrongfully convicted and ignore two important constituencies: prosecutors and crime victims. Both constituencies have unique connections to wrongful convictions and should be recognized as potentially powerful allies for change. Prosecutors are deeply committed to justice and to the outcomes of their cases; they can help identify and correct wrongful convictions and introduce policies to avoid wrongful convictions in the first place. Wrongful convictions matter to crime victims because convicting the wrong person leaves the real perpetrator free to commit more crimes, creates a new, innocent victim, and drains resources that …
Paternal Incarceration And Adolescent Well-Being: Life Course Contingencies And Other Moderators, Raymond R. Swisher, Unique R. Shaw-Smith
Paternal Incarceration And Adolescent Well-Being: Life Course Contingencies And Other Moderators, Raymond R. Swisher, Unique R. Shaw-Smith
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.
The Sound Of Silence: Evidentiary Analyses Of Precustodial Silence In Light Of Salinas V. Texas, Lukas Mansour
The Sound Of Silence: Evidentiary Analyses Of Precustodial Silence In Light Of Salinas V. Texas, Lukas Mansour
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
In the recent Supreme Court case Salinas v. Texas, the Court declined to answer whether precustodial silence should be admissible as evidence of a defendant’s guilt. This Comment uses the case as an example from which it argues that courts should take a different approach to precustodial silence. Rather than examining a defendant’s precustodial silence from a constitutional perspective, as many courts, including the Supreme Court, have done, this Comment argues that courts would be better served examining this type of silence from an evidentiary perspective instead.
Missing The Mark: Gun Control Is Not The Cure For What Ails The U.S. Mental Health System, Carolyn Reinach Wolf, Jamie A. Rosen
Missing The Mark: Gun Control Is Not The Cure For What Ails The U.S. Mental Health System, Carolyn Reinach Wolf, Jamie A. Rosen
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.
Some Sources Of Crime Guns In Chicago: Dirty Dealers, Straw Purchasers, And Traffickers, Philip J Cook, Richard J. Harris, Jens Ludwig, Harold A. Pollack
Some Sources Of Crime Guns In Chicago: Dirty Dealers, Straw Purchasers, And Traffickers, Philip J Cook, Richard J. Harris, Jens Ludwig, Harold A. Pollack
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.
Forward: The Past And Future Of Guns, James Lindgren
Forward: The Past And Future Of Guns, James Lindgren
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.
Accentuating The Positive Or Eliminating The Negative? Paternal Incarceration And Caregiver-Child Relationship Quality, Sara Wakefield
Accentuating The Positive Or Eliminating The Negative? Paternal Incarceration And Caregiver-Child Relationship Quality, Sara Wakefield
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.
The Current And Future State Of Gun Policy In The United States, William J. Vizzard
The Current And Future State Of Gun Policy In The United States, William J. Vizzard
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.
Ties That Bind? The Questionable Consent Justification For Hosanna-Tabor, Jessie Hill
Ties That Bind? The Questionable Consent Justification For Hosanna-Tabor, Jessie Hill
Northwestern University Law Review
Arguments in favor of religious sovereignty often emphasize the benefits of autonomy for religious institutions while ignoring the civil rights of individuals who belong to or work for those institutions. To justify intrusions on individual civil rights, proponents of strong religious autonomy generally rely on the concept of implied consent. According to this rationale, individuals willingly give up the protection of civil rights laws when they voluntarily join religious organizations. This Essay responds to one scholar’s account of the consent rationale as undergirding the Supreme Court’s recognition of the ministerial exception: Christopher Lund’s excellent article, Free Exercise Reconceived: The Logic …
Supplemental Standing For Severability, Erik R. Zimmerman
Supplemental Standing For Severability, Erik R. Zimmerman
Northwestern University Law Review
The Supreme Court has recently insisted that plaintiffs must have standing for every claim that they raise. But this claim-specific approach to standing is at odds with established practice in several contexts, including rulings on the severability of statutes. Courts often permit plaintiffs to claim that statutory provisions should be invalidated pursuant to severability doctrine, without requiring that they have standing for those claims. This Article argues that existing practice for severability is a form of “supplemental standing.” Supplemental standing is analogous to supplemental jurisdiction. It allows a plaintiff with standing for one claim to raise related claims, even if …
The Indian Child Welfare Act's Waning Power After Adoptive Couple V. Baby Girl, Kathleena Kruck
The Indian Child Welfare Act's Waning Power After Adoptive Couple V. Baby Girl, Kathleena Kruck
Northwestern University Law Review
In the 1970s, state authorities began removing Indian children from their homes by the thousands and placing them into foster care, institutional housing, and with white families. To counteract this forced assimilation, Congress passed the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) in 1978. The ICWA conferred many powers previously held by the states to tribal courts and created a preference for Indian children to be placed with their extended family, other members of their tribe, or other Indian families. Despite congressional efforts, the practice of removing Indian children from their homes still persists. Many states resist the ICWA through judicially created …
Unavoidable Aesthetic Judgments In Copyright Law: A Community Of Practice Standard, Robert Kirk Walker, Ben Depoorter
Unavoidable Aesthetic Judgments In Copyright Law: A Community Of Practice Standard, Robert Kirk Walker, Ben Depoorter
Northwestern University Law Review
Aesthetic judgments are “dangerous undertakings” for courts, but they are unavoidable in copyright law. In theory, copyright does not distinguish between works on the basis of aesthetic values or merit (or lack thereof), and courts often go to great lengths to try to avoid artistic judgments. In practice, however, implicit aesthetic criteria are deeply embedded throughout copyright case law. The questions “What is art?” and “How should it be interpreted?” are inextricably linked to the questions “What does copyright protect?,” “Who is an author?,” “What is misappropriation?,” and many other issues essential to copyright. Although courts rarely (if ever) explicitly …
Protecting Title Vii's Antiretaliation Provision In The Wake Of University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center V. Nassar, Kimberly A. Pathman
Protecting Title Vii's Antiretaliation Provision In The Wake Of University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center V. Nassar, Kimberly A. Pathman
Northwestern University Law Review
No abstract provided.
Apple Pie Propaganda? The Smith–Mundt Act Before And After The Repeal Of The Domestic Dissemination Ban, Weston R. Sager
Apple Pie Propaganda? The Smith–Mundt Act Before And After The Repeal Of The Domestic Dissemination Ban, Weston R. Sager
Northwestern University Law Review
For over sixty years, the Smith–Mundt Act prohibited the U.S. Department of State and the Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG) from disseminating government-produced programming within the United States over fears that these agencies would “propagandize” the American people. However, in 2013, Congress abolished the domestic dissemination ban, which has led to a heated debate about the role of the federal government in free public discourse. Although the 2013 repeal of the domestic dissemination ban promotes greater government transparency and may help counter anti-American sentiment at home, it also gives the federal government great power to covertly influence public opinion. To …
Inventing Around Copyright, Dan L. Burk
Inventing Around Copyright, Dan L. Burk
Northwestern University Law Review
Patent law has long harbored the concept of “inventing around,” under which competitors to a patent holder may be expected, and even encouraged, to design their technologies so as to skirt the boundaries defined by patent claims. It has become increasingly clear that, for better or for worse, copyright also fosters inventing around. Copyright is not based on written claims, but because copyright links exclusive rights to technological actions such as reproduction, distribution, or transmission, the language of the copyright statute, and judicial readings of the statute, create boundaries around which potential infringers may technologically navigate. For example, the Aereo …
How Not To Apply Actavis, Michael A. Carrier
“Single Point Of Entry”: The Promise And Limits Of The Latest Cure For Bailouts, John Crawford
“Single Point Of Entry”: The Promise And Limits Of The Latest Cure For Bailouts, John Crawford
NULR Online
No abstract provided.
Ties That Bind? The Questionable Consent Justification For Hosanna-Tabor, Jessie Hill
Ties That Bind? The Questionable Consent Justification For Hosanna-Tabor, Jessie Hill
NULR Online
No abstract provided.
Patent Imperialism, Bernard Chao
Inventing Around Copyright, Dan L. Burk
Forced Decryption As Equilibrium—Why It’S Constitutional And How Riley Matters, Dan Terzian
Forced Decryption As Equilibrium—Why It’S Constitutional And How Riley Matters, Dan Terzian
NULR Online
No abstract provided.
Is Resistance To Foreign Law Rooted In Racism?, Sheldon Bernard Lyke
Is Resistance To Foreign Law Rooted In Racism?, Sheldon Bernard Lyke
NULR Online
No abstract provided.
The Ceo And The Hydraulics Of Campaign Finance Deregulation, Sarah Jane C. Haan
The Ceo And The Hydraulics Of Campaign Finance Deregulation, Sarah Jane C. Haan
NULR Online
No abstract provided.
Mini-Domas As Political Process Failures: The Case For Heightened Scrutiny Of State Anti-Gay Marriage Amendments, Steve Sanders
Mini-Domas As Political Process Failures: The Case For Heightened Scrutiny Of State Anti-Gay Marriage Amendments, Steve Sanders
NULR Online
No abstract provided.