Law Commons^™

Taking A Breath: Lessons For The Port Of Oakland From The Clean Trucks Program At The Ports Of Los Angeles And Long Beach, Julia Chernova

Golden Gate University Environmental Law Journal

This article first discusses and explains the laws that govern air quality at the major California ports. Then, it explores the Clean Truck Program (CTP) implemented by the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach to improve port-related air quality and address public health issues in low-income areas caused by drayage trucks emissions. Next, it discusses a comparison of truck air pollution regulations at the ports of Los Angeles, Long Beach, and Oakland. Finally, this article argues that it is necessary for the port of Oakland to adopt measures used by the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach to …

Powering Mary Jane: Marijuana And Electric Public Utilities, Ryan Dadgari

Golden Gate University Environmental Law Journal

The discourse surrounding legalizing marijuana use and cultivation is full of political, legal, and economic voices. While some discussions address the high electricity consumption of marijuana grow operations and their effects on the energy grid, few—if any—discuss whether or not public utilities could be held federally liable for supplying power to marijuana grows and incentivizing growers to use more energy efficient methods. Just as banks, doctors and lawyers could be at risk for providing their services to this emerging industry, so too could public utilities. In some cases, utilities that refuse to provide service to state-legal marijuana grow operations experience …

A Battle Over Oysters: Drakes Bay Oyster Co. V. Jewell And Its Aftermath, Elena Idell

Golden Gate University Environmental Law Journal

This comment summarizes the saga of Drakes Bay Oyster Company (DBOC), located in Point Reyes National Seashore (Seashore) in Marin County, California, just north of San Francisco. Owned and operated by the Lunny family, DBOC battled the National Park Service (NPS) in an attempt to compel the NPS to renew its special use permit (SUP). The SUP allowed DBOC to operate within Point Reyes National Seashore. This conflict pitted environmentalists against each other. Supporters of local, sustainable agriculture were on one side of the environmental debate. Traditional environmentalists, representing the other side, advocated for returning uninhabited areas to an untouched …

Cherishing The Coast: California Goes Long, Ariel Rubissow Okamoto, Nate Seltenrich, Lisa Owens Viani, Jonathon Gurish

Golden Gate University Environmental Law Journal

This article focuses on the California Coastal Conservancy. It explores the Conservancy’s uniquely proactive approach to coastal zone management through both oral history (collected via telephone interviews) and literature research. In general, being proactive has involved the Conservancy in activities such as identifying coastal areas or wildlife habitats in need of protection; developing plans and priorities for acquisition or restoration; assembling and supporting local stewards and partners; leading and shepherding collaborative projects to fruition; and often providing significant funding.

Front Matter

Golden Gate University Environmental Law Journal

Front Matter includes Masthead, list of faculty and staff, and Table of Contents.

Integrating Evidence-Based Practices Into Judicial Sentencing In The Wake Of Realignment’S Split Sentencing, Camille Frausto

Golden Gate University Law Review

Part I of this comment discusses the Supreme Court cases that led to the passage of the Realignment Act, along with a review of some of the major reform changes. Part I also highlights the gaps in creating a fair and consistent process across counties for managing the effects of Realignment. Part II discusses split sentencing and some of the issues it was designed to address as well as investigating how judges have reacted to and used split sentencing. Part III introduces the RNR (Risk Needs Responsivity) model of risk assessments and argues why it should be a mandatory aspect …

The Unseen Harm: U.S.-Indian Relations & Tribal Sovereignty, George Emmons

Golden Gate University Law Review

This article explores tribal sovereignty through the lens of the Standing Rock Sioux and its opposition to the DAPL. The DAPL situation is a symptom of the larger problem of a lack of tribal consultation, which diminishes tribal sovereignty and tribal rights.

Part I discusses the history of tribal sovereignty through an explanation of the domestic dependent status of Indian tribes and the two historic canons of Indian treaty interpretation. The Court’s interpretation and application of these canons in the cases of Winters, Dion, and Bourland have a direct relation to the amount of protection given to Indian tribes.

Part …

International Mother Of Mystery: Protecting Surrogate Mothers’ Participation In International Commercial Surrogacy Contracts, Jamie Cooperman

Golden Gate University Law Review

The lack of uniform international laws regarding surrogacy exposes all parties involved in surrogacy arrangements to a variety of problems. Challenges include determining the status of children, the rights of intended parents, and the protection of surrogates. Issues regarding the citizenship of babies born to surrogacy agreements tend arise when the child leaves the birth country and enters the intended country of citizenship.

Overall, international surrogacy arrangements present three central problems: (1) the citizenship of children, (2) the rights of intended parents, and (3) the rights and protection of women who serve as surrogates. This Comment focuses on the third …

Lack Of “Purposefulness” & “Flagrancy” Or Simply Turning A Blind Eye To The Current State Of Affairs?: The Need For Statistical Data, Renei Caballes

Golden Gate University Law Review

This Comment argues that the Court misapplied the attenuation doctrine in Strieff, specifically in its application and interpretation of the language “purposeful and flagrant” and explores the possible implications of this decision. First, Section I explains the Fourth Amendment and the basic principles of law regarding searches and seizures, including the exclusionary rule and attenuation doctrine. Then, Section II examines the circuit court split prior to Utah v. Strieff and how each circuit interpreted the language “purposeful and flagrant.” Finally, Section III analyzes the issues with the Supreme Court’s interpretation of “purposeful and flagrant” in Utah v. Strieff and …

The Most Determined Lawyer You Will Ever Meet, Danny Wang

Golden Gate University Law Review

Interview of Danny Wang by George Emmons, Executive Articles Editor, Golden Gate University Law Review, in San Francisco, Cal. (Feb. 6, 2018).

California Needs An Environmental Lawyer Like Him, Darryl Gruen

Golden Gate University Law Review

Interview of Darryl Gruen by George Emmons, Executive Articles Editor, Golden Gate University Law Review, in San Francisco, Cal. (Jan. 19, 2018). This article represents the commentary of Darryl Gruen and does not necessarily represent opinions of the California Public Utilities Commission.

An Entertainment Lawyer From Coast To Coast, Tony Berman

Golden Gate University Law Review

Telephone Interview of Tony Berman by George Emmons, Executive Articles Editor, Golden Gate University Law Review, in San Francisco, Cal. (Nov. 29, 2017).

A True Pioneer Of The Legal Profession And The San Francisco Bench, Lee Baxter

Golden Gate University Law Review

Interview of The Honorable Lee Baxter by George Emmons, Executive Articles Editor, Golden Gate University Law Review, in San Francisco, Cal. (Nov. 7, 2017).

Front Matter

Golden Gate University Law Review

Front Matter includes Masthead, Faculty Advisors, Preface and Table of Contents.

Nordstrom V. Ryan: Inmate’S Legal Correspondence Between His Or Her Attorney Is Still Constitutionally Protected, Christina Ontiveros

Golden Gate University Law Review

Prison administrations have been given much deference as to the limitations of prisoners’ rights. Still, even though the courts have shown regard to the prison administration, they have also recognized that there are two important interests at play: those of the prison administration and that of the prisoners’ constitutional rights. Because there are two important interests at play when an issue arises as to a prison’s regulation and its effect on a prisoner’s constitutional right, the courts turn to the Turner standard to determine the regulation’s constitutionality. Recently, the Ninth Circuit used this standard in Nordstrom v. Ryan to determine …

State V. Trump: Trump Fails In The ‘Art Of The Deal’ Securing A Victory For Travel Ban 2.0, Elizabeth Macayan

Golden Gate University Law Review

The Ninth Circuit affirmed the District Court of Hawaii’s modification of the preliminary injunction against sections 2 and 6 of President Trump’s Executive Order 13780, in accordance with the Supreme Court’s decision in Trump v. International Refugee Assistance Project.

A Job For Congress: Medical Marijuana Patients’ Fight For Second Amendment Rights, Kenneth Seligson

Golden Gate University Law Review

This Note begins with Part I section (A), describing the administrative rule and factual background, leading up to the suit in Wilson v. Lynch. Part I section (B) explains the arguments made at the U.S. District Court in Nevada and how the case progressed from the district court to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. Then, Part I section (C) analyzes the Ninth Circuit’s application of the two-step test for Second Amendment challenges established in Chovan.

After evaluating the application of the two-step test in Wilson v. Lynch, Part II section (A) reviews the history of cannabis …

The Flores Settlement: Ripping Families Apart Under The Law, Natalie Lakosil

Golden Gate University Law Review

This Note focuses on families’ experiences in immigration detention centers, specifically how they are affected by the government practice of releasing children without simultaneously releasing their parents.

Section I provides the procedural and factual background of Flores v. Lynch, the recent history of family detention centers, and discusses the Ninth Circuit’s ruling of the case. Section II provides the argument that, although the Ninth Circuit’s holding is correct, the government refusing to release parents with their children is unconstitutional because it violates the parents’ fundamental right to custody over their biological child and family unity. Furthermore, this Note urges …

Reyes V. Lewis: A Missed Opportunity For Minors And Miranda, Jessica Bennett

Golden Gate University Law Review

The controversial debate—whether minors understand the complexity of Miranda rights—has prevented lawmakers from producing laws that assist minors in comprehending these warnings. As a protected class, minors should be provided with extra counseling if they are faced with criminal charges in order to save judicial resources and help keep innocent minors out of the criminal justice system. A law mandating that minors consult with a pro tem attorney prior to questioning could reduce the number of cases awaiting adjudication, relieve the court of having to investigate whether the minor was coerced, threatened, intimidated, tricked, or falsely promised, and would create …

Introduction, Sidney R. Thomas

Golden Gate University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Judges Of The Ninth Circuit

Golden Gate University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Front Matter

Golden Gate University Law Review

Front Matter includes Masthead, Faculty Advisors, Preface and Table of Contents.

Combating Domestic Violence In Bangladesh: Law, Policy And Other Relevant Considerations, Dr. Zakia Afrin

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

In 2011, an incident involving Professor Rumana Manzur of Dhaka University brought the topic of domestic violence in Bangladesh into main stream discussions. Professor Manzur’s husband of ten years, Hasan Syeed Sumon, had tried to gauge out both of her eyes by using his fingers, bit her nose and left her severely injured while they fought in her father’s residence in Dhaka. This incident shocked the whole country as well as diasporas abroad and forced the society to address the legal and societal loopholes to effectively combat this issue. Bangladesh has displayed an understanding of and respect for women’s rights …

Human Rights Abuse And Violations In Nigeria: A Case Study Of The Oil-Producing Communities In The Niger Delta Region, Dr. Ifeanyi I. Onwuazombe

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

Human rights abuses and violations in Nigeria in general and in the oilproducing communities in particular cut across the entire spectrum of rights. The abuses come in different forms and could be direct or indirect. The inhabitants of the Niger Delta region are subjected to regular rights abuses and violations by the state security agents and the oil corporations. The perpetrators of rights violations are hardly or never held accountable or brought to justice due to the myriad of problems besetting the judicial institutions. Besides, there is an apparent lack of trust and confidence in the courts and general apathy …

Theoretical Underpinnings Of Trust Investment Law: Juxtaposing Nigerian Law With Current Trends In Other Common Law Jurisdictions, Dr. Larry O.C. Chukwu

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

Over the centuries, common law jurists and scholars have propounded theories and principles which underpin the conduct of the investment duty of trustees. This article offers a comparative analysis of the theoretical underpinnings of trust investment law as applicable in Nigeria vis-a-vis the current trends in other jurisdictions. It concludes that the Nigerian law is hopelessly lagging behind and proffers recommendations for reform.

Accountability Of International Ngos: Human Rights Violations In Healthcare Provision In Developing Countries And The Effectiveness Of Current Measures, Sharmeen Ahmed

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

In recent years, the number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) working in the international arena has vastly increased, generally making a positive impact. But, as this influence has deepened, governments in the developing world and scholars have scrutinized the work and accountability of NGOs given they are mostly independent and not subjected to international law. While NGOs must adhere to the domestic laws of the places within which they work, adherence is dependent upon the strength of enforcement of those laws. Proponents argue that this independence is essential for NGOs to effectively carry out their work. However, a review of healthcare …

Responding To Homegrown Terrorism: The Case Of Boko Haram, Dr. Elimma C. Ezeani

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

If terrorism as it is known from history is changing, should the response to it change as well? This paper reflects on the rise and activities of Boko Haram in Northern Nigeria and the hesitation of domestic, regional and international efforts in stemming its spread. It finds that the rise and impact of homegrown terrorist groups like Boko Haram deserve closer attention than they have previously received particularly with regard to legal responses by domestic governments and the international community. The activities of Boko Haram in Nigeria have brought to the fore challenges faced by law and governments in tackling …

Table Of Contents

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

Acknowledgment

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

Editorial, Christian N. Okeke

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.