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Articles 2731 - 2760 of 2873
Full-Text Articles in Law
The Meaning Of Equality And The Interpretive Turn, Robin West
The Meaning Of Equality And The Interpretive Turn, Robin West
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
The turn to hermeneutics and interpretation in contemporary legal theory has contributed at least two central ideas to modern jurisprudential thought: first, that the "meaning" of a text is invariably indeterminate -- what might be called the indeterminacy claim -- and second, that the unavoidably malleable essence of texts -- their essential inessentiality -- entails that interpreting a text is a necessary part of the process of creating the text's meaning. These insights have generated both considerable angst, and considerable excitement among traditional constitutional scholars, primarily because at least on first blush these two claims seem to inescapably imply a …
Virtues And Voices, Lawrence B. Solum
Virtues And Voices, Lawrence B. Solum
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
This essay explores two ideas that have recently played an important role in discourse about the American constitutional order. The first idea has emerged from the revival of civic republicanism. The republican revival has focused our attention on the classical conception of civic virtue. Our basic social arrangements ought to nourish a citizenry with the characteristics of mind and will that promote human flourishing. The second idea, expressed in critical race theory and feminist jurisprudence, is that we have an obligation as a society and as scholars to attend to excluded voices. The juxtaposition of these two themes offers an …
Green Property, J. Peter Byrne
Green Property, J. Peter Byrne
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
This essay begins an effort to imagine legal principles that further ecological values and to criticize extant principles that embody the antithetical values of exploitation and consumption. I will focus on the transformation of property law inherent in adopting an environmentally sustainable land use program.
Our Rights And Obligations To Future Generations For The Environment, Edith Brown Weiss
Our Rights And Obligations To Future Generations For The Environment, Edith Brown Weiss
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
We read every day about the desecration of our environment and the mismanagement of our natural resources. We have always had the capacity to wreck the environment on a small or even regional scale. Centuries of irrigation without adequate drainage in ancient times converted large areas of the fertile Tigris-Euphrates valley into barren desert. What is new is that we now have the power to change our global environment irreversibly, with profoundly damaging effects on the robustness and integrity of the planet and the heritage that we pass to future generations.
Pure Politics, Girardeau A. Spann
Pure Politics, Girardeau A. Spann
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
The present Supreme Court has been noticeably unreceptive to legal claims asserted by racial minorities. Although it is always possible to articulate nonracial motives for the Court's civil rights decisions, the popular perception is that a politically conservative majority wishing to cut back on the protection minority interests receive at majority expense now dominates the Supreme Court. In reviewing the work of the Court during its 1988 Term, The United States Law Week reported that "[a] series of civil rights decisions by a conservative majority of the U.S. Supreme Court making it easier to challenge affirmative action programs and more …
The Internal And External Analysis Of Concepts, Randy E. Barnett
The Internal And External Analysis Of Concepts, Randy E. Barnett
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
In Abstract Right and the Possibility of a Nondistributive Conception of Contract: Hegel and Contemporary Contract Theory, Peter Benson criticizes the authors presentation of a consent theory of contract, in part, on the ground that it "refers only to the empirical facts of the requirements of human needs and fulfillment. Like [Charles] Fried's [account], his conception of the consensual basis of a contract does not preserve the required standpoint of abstraction. " On this basis Professor Benson concludes that the author's approach fails to "provide an adequate elucidation of a nondistributive conception of contract.
By explaining contractual obligation …
Equality Theory, Marital Rape, And The Promise Of The Fourteenth Amendment, Robin West
Equality Theory, Marital Rape, And The Promise Of The Fourteenth Amendment, Robin West
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
During the 1980s a handful of state judges either held or opined in dicta what must be incontrovertible to the feminist community, as well as to most progressive legal advocates and academics: the so-called marital rape exemption, whether statutory or common law in origin, constitutes a denial of a married woman's constitutional right to equal protection under the law. Indeed, a more obvious denial of equal protection is difficult to imagine: the marital rape exemption denies married women protection against violent crime solely on the basis of gender and marital status. What possibly could be less rational than a statute …
A Decade Of A Maturing Epidemic: An Assessment And Directions For Future Public Policy, Lawrence O. Gostin
A Decade Of A Maturing Epidemic: An Assessment And Directions For Future Public Policy, Lawrence O. Gostin
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
The author's goal in this article, is not merely to propose public health strategies for the future, but also to examine why government has been so slow, so equivocal, in its public health response to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. He argues that there has been a fundamental ambivalence in perceptions of the epidemic. For some, AIDS is perceived as a disease, with sympathy for sufferers. Once AIDS is viewed as a disease, like other catastrophic diseases, it follows that public policy will be based upon science and epidemiology--health education, research and treatment.
For others, AIDS is caused …
A ‘Non-Power’ Looks At Separation Of Powers, Alan B. Morrison
A ‘Non-Power’ Looks At Separation Of Powers, Alan B. Morrison
Philip A. Hart Memorial Lecture
On April 6, 1989, Dean, Alan B. Morrison of George Washington Law, delivered the Georgetown Law Center’s ninth Annual Philip A. Hart Memorial Lecture: "A ‘Non-Power’ Looks at Separation of Powers."
Dean Morrison is the Lerner Family Associate Dean for Public Interest & Public Service at GW Law. He is responsible for creating pro bono opportunities for students, bringing a wide range of public interest programs to the law school, encouraging students to seek positions in the non-profit and government sectors, and assisting students find ways to fund their legal education to make it possible for them to pursue careers …
Constitutional Bait And Switch: Executive Reinterpretation Of Arms Control Treaties, David A. Koplow
Constitutional Bait And Switch: Executive Reinterpretation Of Arms Control Treaties, David A. Koplow
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
A new constitutional crisis has been thrust upon the American body politic. The crisis arises from a dispute concerning the allocation of legal authority for the interpretation, and especially for the reinterpretation, of international agreements. Once a sleepy backwater reserved for specialized scholars, the issue of treaty interpretation has drawn the President and Congress into stark confrontation and generated splashy headlines.
Law, Literature, And The Celebration Of Authority, Robin West
Law, Literature, And The Celebration Of Authority, Robin West
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
Richard Posner's new book, Law and Literature: A Misunderstood Relation, is a defense of “liberal legalism” against a group of modern critics who have only one thing in common: their use of either particular pieces of literature or literary theory to mount legal critiques. Perhaps for that reason, it is very hard to discern a unified thesis within Posner's book regarding the relationship between law and literature. In part, Posner is complaining about a pollution of literature by its use and abuse in political and legal argument; thus, the “misunderstood relation” to which the title refers. At times, Posner suggests …
Two Conceptions Of The Ninth Amendment, Randy E. Barnett
Two Conceptions Of The Ninth Amendment, Randy E. Barnett
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
The Ninth Amendment has been largely ignored by the Supreme Court of the United States. Because the Ninth Amendment is unquestionably a part of our written Constitution, ignoring it would not have been possible without some theory that renders it without any function. This paper will first examine this theory, which is based on what the author calls the "rights-powers conception" of constitutional rights, a conception of constitutional rights that is applied only to the Ninth Amendment. Then he describes an alternative to this view of the Ninth Amendment, one that is based on what I call the "power-constraint conception" …
Bioethics And Law: The Second Stage – Balancing Intelligent Consent And Individual Autonomy, Judith C. Areen
Bioethics And Law: The Second Stage – Balancing Intelligent Consent And Individual Autonomy, Judith C. Areen
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
The principle that government rests on the consent of the governed eventually spread beyond the political arena to alter such private behavior as the relationship between physician and patient. This Article examines the successive transformations of the principle of consent as it has developed in the field of law and bioethics from bare consent to informed consent, and then, more strikingly, to beyond informed consent. This most recent form of the principle may prove to be every bit as revolutionary as the idea of popular sovereignty in 17th century England.
Contract Scholarship And The Reemergence Of Legal Philosophy, Randy E. Barnett
Contract Scholarship And The Reemergence Of Legal Philosophy, Randy E. Barnett
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
It has been thirty years since Arthur Corbin's eight-volume treatise on contracts appeared in condensed form as a one-volume edition. No scholarly book on contract law of comparable scope has been published since. This void in contract law scholarship has been filled only by the occasional law review article, by books discussing particular aspects of contract law, and by the ongoing revisions of the Restatement of Contracts that culminated in the publication of the Restatement (Second) of Contracts in 1979.
The dominant legal climate has not been friendly to any form of literature that attempts to explicate legal doctrine systematically, …
The Politics Of Aids: Compulsory State Powers, Public Health, And Civil Liberties, Lawrence O. Gostin
The Politics Of Aids: Compulsory State Powers, Public Health, And Civil Liberties, Lawrence O. Gostin
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
This article argues that compulsory public powers are justified only if they meet the following criteria: there is a significant risk of transmission of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus; the public health response is efficacious in preventing a primary mode of transmission of the virus; the economic, practical, or human rights burdens are not disproportionate to the public health benefits; and the public health power is the least restrictive alternative that would prevent viral transmission.
The author carefully examines the levels of risk posed by behavior which can potentially transmit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and demonstrates that compulsory …
Hospitals, Health Care Professionals, And Aids: The "Right To Know" The Health Status Of Professionals And Patients, Lawrence O. Gostin
Hospitals, Health Care Professionals, And Aids: The "Right To Know" The Health Status Of Professionals And Patients, Lawrence O. Gostin
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
This article addresses why patients and health care professionals (HCPs) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) should have autonomy and privacy rights to choose whether to consent to an HIV test and to disclose their serologic status. It also demonstrates that the risk of HIV transmission in health care settings is exceedingly low, that it is probably lower than other well-accepted risks taken by patients and professionals, and that there are other less intrusive ways to further reduce the risk. The article concludes that knowledge of a patient's serologic status is unlikely to reduce risk, since no effective action could be …
A Critical Legal Studies Perspective On Contract Law And Practice, Girardeau A. Spann
A Critical Legal Studies Perspective On Contract Law And Practice, Girardeau A. Spann
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
The critical legal studies movement is often viewed as highly theoretical, characterized by impenetrable scholarship that makes frequent reference to the work of"famous dead Europeans." Indeed, the theoretical detachment of critical legal studies from real-world concerns has led some to speculate that the methodologies of the movement are so abstract and stylized that they could be used to deny the validity of distinctions that we commonly rely upon in everyday life-even something as basic as the distinction between up and down. Given the level of abstraction at which most critical legal studies analysis occurs, one might wonder why a critical …
Freedom Of Communicative Action: A Theory Of The First Amendment Freedom Of Speech, Lawrence B. Solum
Freedom Of Communicative Action: A Theory Of The First Amendment Freedom Of Speech, Lawrence B. Solum
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
We are still searching for an adequate theory of the first amendment freedom of speech. Despite a plethora of judicial opinions and scholarly articles, there are fundamental conflicts over the meaning of the words "Congress shall make no law ... abridging the freedom of speech." This Article examines the possibility that recent developments in social theory can aid our understanding of the freedom of speech. My thesis is that Jiirgen Habermas' theory of communicative action can serve as the basis for an interpretation of the first amendment that fits the general contours of existing first amendment doctrine and provides a …
Of Chickens And Eggs−−The Compatibility Of Moral Rights And Consequentialist Analyses, Randy E. Barnett
Of Chickens And Eggs−−The Compatibility Of Moral Rights And Consequentialist Analyses, Randy E. Barnett
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
Philosophers are accustomed to thinking of moral rights and consequentialist analyses as fundamentally incompatible. They frequently debate cases--both hypothetical and real--in which rights and consequences are in conflict. For example, suppose an innocent child knows the whereabouts of a terrorist who has planted a nuclear bomb in a city. Would it be permissible to violate the child's moral right to be free from torture, if this was the only way to save millions of innocent lives? If this is permissible, then do not moral rights yield to concerns about consequences? Or suppose that a community incorrectly believes that an innocent …
Two Conceptions Of The Ninth Amendment, Randy E. Barnett
Two Conceptions Of The Ninth Amendment, Randy E. Barnett
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
The Ninth Amendment has been largely ignored by the Supreme Court of the United States. Because the Ninth Amendment is unquestionably a part of our written Constitution, ignoring it would not have been possible without some theory that renders it without any function. This paper will first examine this theory, which is based on what I call the "rightspowers conception" of constitutional rights, a conception of constitutional rights that is applied only to the Ninth Amendment. Then I will describe an alternative to this view of the Ninth Amendment, one that is based on what I call the "powerconstraint conception" …
Academic Freedom: A ‘Special Concern Of The First Amendment’, J. Peter Byrne
Academic Freedom: A ‘Special Concern Of The First Amendment’, J. Peter Byrne
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
The First Amendment protects academic freedom. This simple proposition stands explicit or implicit in numerous judicial opinions, often proclaimed in fervid rhetoric. Attempts to understand the scope and foundation of a constitutional guarantee of academic freedom, however, generally result in paradox or confusion. The cases, shorn of panegyrics, are inconclusive, the promise of their rhetoric reproached by the ambiguous realities of academic life.
Originalism As Transformative Politics, Lawrence B. Solum
Originalism As Transformative Politics, Lawrence B. Solum
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
One might easily paint a picture in which the central question debated in constitutional jurisprudence in recent years was whether originalism is the correct theory of constitutional interpretation. This portrait of a constitutional debate could be quite dramatic. Prominent among the figures on the originalist side stand former Judge Robert Bork, Chief Justice William Rehnquist, former Attorney General Edwin Meese, and scholar Raoul Berger. Their opponents, the nonoriginalists, include Senator Joseph Biden, Associate Justice William Brennan, and a host of constitutional scholars. The stakes of the debate seem high: will the legacy of the Warren Court be dismantled by the …
Section 1983 And Constitutional Torts, Charles F. Abernathy
Section 1983 And Constitutional Torts, Charles F. Abernathy
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
We have long recognized that the resurrection of section 1983 converted the fourteenth amendment from a shield into a sword by providing a civil action for vindication of constitutional rights and, to the extent that damages have gradually become the authorized remedy for section 1983 violations, we have easily come to think of such actions as constitutional torts-civil damage remedies for violations of constitutionally defined rights. There is, however, a subtler and greater reality to what has transpired, for the mere procedural vehicle of constitutional enforcement has, in retrospect, changed the substance of constitutional law itself. Section 1983 has not …
The Serpent Strikes: Simulation In A Large First-Year Course, Philip G. Schrag
The Serpent Strikes: Simulation In A Large First-Year Course, Philip G. Schrag
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
Simulation in legal education has come of age. Once confined to moot court exercises and trial practice offerings, simulation is now accepted, in principle, as a legitimate method of instruction in many types of courses. Every recent volume of the Journal of Legal Education has included at least one article on simulation, and in the past few years published works have offered the community of law teachers advice on using simulation to teach administrative law, contracts, constitutional law, bankruptcy, civil procedure, pretrial litigation, legislation, the "lawyering" process, and, of course, negotiation. These writings have helped to make simulation an accessible …
The Early Role Of The Attorney General In Our Constitutional Scheme: In The Beginning There Was Pragmatism, Susan Low Bloch
The Early Role Of The Attorney General In Our Constitutional Scheme: In The Beginning There Was Pragmatism, Susan Low Bloch
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
This article attempts to accomplish two distinct but related objectives. First, it initiates the proposed systematic study of the Office of the Attorney General by examining its early role. Second, it explores how these early experiences help to answer today's questions. To those ends, part I examines the establishment of the Office of the Attorney General. Studying the genesis of the office and contrasting it to the other significant offices created by the First Congress, such as the Secretaries of Foreign Affairs, War, and Treasury, reveals the priorities and concerns of these early legislators, many of whom had been instrumental …
Post-Chicago Law And Economics, Randy E. Barnett
Post-Chicago Law And Economics, Randy E. Barnett
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
This is not another "law-and-econ" bashing symposium. Nor is the symposium's title intended to denigrate Chicago School law and economics any more than the term "Post-Keynesian economics" was intended to denigrate the work of John Maynard Keynes. Instead, this symposium marks the fact that many practitioners of law and economics have moved well beyond the stereotypes familiar to most legal academics. Rather than designating an entirely new school of thought, the term "Post-Chicago law and economics" refers to a new era in which a variety of new questions about law and lawmaking is being asked and a variety of promising …
Faith And Justice, Lawrence B. Solum
Faith And Justice, Lawrence B. Solum
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
What is the relationship between faith and justice? In particular, this Article will address the question of what a Justice of the United States Supreme Court should do, when her religious faith suggests that a case should be resolved in a way that is either inconsistent with the law or not justified by nonreligious, public reasons. May she rely on her religious beliefs to resolve a hard case? May she write an opinion that uses religious grounds to justify her decision?
In this Article, I will undertake to elaborate and defend a distinctively liberal position concerning faith and justice. My …
The Fifth Amendment: If An Aid To The Guilty Defendant, An Impediment To The Innocent One, Peter W. Tague
The Fifth Amendment: If An Aid To The Guilty Defendant, An Impediment To The Innocent One, Peter W. Tague
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
The fifth amendment's privilege not to answer, critics carp, insulates the guilty defendant from revealing his complicity. While this is true, ironically it also can shackle the innocent defendant from attempting to prove that another person committed the crime. If that other person asserts the fifth amendment in response to questions designed to substitute him for the defendant, the innocent defendant can neither surmount that person's assertion nor benefit therefrom.
Consider this set of facts. A murder is committed. Defendant, charged with the crime, has evidence that Witness killed the victim. The prosecution believes only one person committed the crime. …
Needed: A Rewrite, Paul F. Rothstein
Needed: A Rewrite, Paul F. Rothstein
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
Proposed far-reaching changes in the Federal Rules of Evidence are of major practical significance to every lawyer involved in the criminal justice process. The proposed changes are contained in a recent report by the American Bar Association Criminal Justice Section's Rules of Criminal Procedure and Evidence Committee. The report was selected for publication in Federal Rules Decisions, 120 F.R.D. 299 (1988), because of its interest to federal practitioners and judges. More than 40 judges, lawyers, and scholars were involved in the four-year study, and experts on each particular rule acted as "reporters" to the committee on those areas.
The report …
Arms Control Inspection: Constitutional Restriction On Treaty Verification In The United States, David A. Koplow
Arms Control Inspection: Constitutional Restriction On Treaty Verification In The United States, David A. Koplow
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
The United States and the Soviet Union recently signed a treaty that eliminates an entire class of nuclear arms, and allows more intrusive verification procedures than ever before. As technology improves and verification becomes even more central in arms control negotiations, Professor Koplow warns that the United States Constitution limits the types of verification procedures to which the United States can agree. After reviewing existing United States-Soviet Union arms control treaties and agreements, Professor Koplow examines potential verification procedures in light of the fourth amendment's protection of United States citizens from government intrusion. He argues that although many contemplated verification …