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Articles 1771 - 1800 of 9084
Full-Text Articles in Law
The Misuse Of Product Misuse: Victim Blaming At Its Worst, Andrew F. Popper, Robert Adler
The Misuse Of Product Misuse: Victim Blaming At Its Worst, Andrew F. Popper, Robert Adler
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
This Paper addresses the legal consequences that surface when a consumer uses a product in a manner not specifically in- tended by that product's designer or manufacturer. If a product is used in a reasonably foreseeable manner, the fact that the use is at odds with a manufacturer's intention should not be a basis to deny tort liability or limit the regulatory options of the Consumer Product Safety Commission. If a product proves to be unsafe, defective, dangerous, or otherwise hazardous to users and consumers, use patterns should not be the primary determinant in assessing regulatory and common law sanctions …
Defining Detention: The Intervention Of The European Court Of Human Rights In The Detention Of Involuntary Migrants, Anita Sinha
Defining Detention: The Intervention Of The European Court Of Human Rights In The Detention Of Involuntary Migrants, Anita Sinha
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
This Article examines the European Court of Human Rights' intervention in the detention of involuntary migrants. It analyzes the use of "carceral migration control" in response to a migration "crisis," and argues that the actual crisis in the region is one of politics and policies rather than the magnitude of migration. It explores the consequences of a crisis moniker for migration, including shortsighted migration policies, entrenched caricatures of migrants as threatening, and excessive emphasis on punitive rather than humanitarian responses. Responding to migration as a crisis has led states in Europe and elsewhere to shift the movement of people across …
Eitc For All: A Universal Basic Income Compromise Proposal, Benjamin Leff
Eitc For All: A Universal Basic Income Compromise Proposal, Benjamin Leff
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
Universal Basic Income ("UBI") is a concept that has recently begun to enter the popular political consciousness in the United States. It is defined as "a regular cash income paid to all, on an individual basis, without means test or work requirement." It is invoked for a wide variety of political and social purposes, but is almost always presented as radically different from existing governmental welfare and transfer systems. Once a UBI is disaggregated into discrete policy components, it is possible to imagine to what degree existing programs share the benefits (and detriments) of a UBI to a greater or …
Visibility And Accountability: Shining A Light On Proceedings In Misdemeanor Two-Tier Court Systems, Binny Miller
Visibility And Accountability: Shining A Light On Proceedings In Misdemeanor Two-Tier Court Systems, Binny Miller
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
No abstract provided.
Accused And Unconvicted: Fleeing From Wealth-Based Pretrial Detention, Cynthia E. Jones
Accused And Unconvicted: Fleeing From Wealth-Based Pretrial Detention, Cynthia E. Jones
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
No abstract provided.
Multilateral Development Banks, Their Member States And Public Accountability: A Proposal, Daniel D. Bradlow
Multilateral Development Banks, Their Member States And Public Accountability: A Proposal, Daniel D. Bradlow
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
More than 25 years ago the multilateral development banks (MDBs) began establishing independent accountability mechanisms (IAMs), such as the World Bank’s Inspection Panel, to address concerns about MDB accountability to those communities and groups who were harmed by their decisions and actions. This essay argues that these mechanisms need updating. In the interests of promoting new and creative thinking about these mechanisms, it makes an ambitious two-part proposal designed to improve the efficacy of the IAMs, while also respecting the sovereignty of their member states and protecting an appropriate level of immunity for the MDBs. First, the MDBs should jointly …
Why Central Banks Need To Take Human Rights More Seriously, Daniel D. Bradlow
Why Central Banks Need To Take Human Rights More Seriously, Daniel D. Bradlow
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
Most central bankers think that there is a tenuous connection between the operations of central banks and human rights. Their responsibility is to concentrate on the relatively narrow set of macro-economic variables that are relevant to their mandates and to leave to their country’s political leadership the decisions dealing with the complex and politically sensitive variables that affect the functioning of the economy and society.
This position is no longer tenable. Climate change is forcing the central banking community to rethink their view of their responsibilities. The recent release of the Network for Greening, the Financial System’s first comprehensive report …
Human Rights Heroes: The Challengers Of Free Speech, Stephen Wermiel
Human Rights Heroes: The Challengers Of Free Speech, Stephen Wermiel
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
The U.S. Supreme Court's jurisprudence on freedom of speech and press spans little more than 100 years, during which justices from Oliver Wendell Holmes to John Roberts have weighed in on the development of the law. But perhaps more than in some other areas of constitu- tional law, the evolution and growth of free speech have required the courage, sacrifice, determination, and commitment of hundreds, maybe thousands, of litigants over the years who have waged heroic struggles for their rights.
Perjury By Omission, Ira P. Robbins
Perjury By Omission, Ira P. Robbins
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
“Do you swear to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth?” There are few legal phrases that the layperson can repeat verbatim; this is one of them. But how many people truly understand the nuances and ramifications of testifying under oath? Many assume that if they do not provide the “whole truth” under oath, they will face a perjury charge. However, perjury is a charge often threatened but rarely used. The offense requires that the defendant willfully and knowingly make a false statement, under oath, regarding a material fact.
The federal perjury statute does not contemplate …
Speech Across Borders, Jennifer Daskal
Speech Across Borders, Jennifer Daskal
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
As both governments and tech companies seek to regulate speech online, these efforts raise critical, and contested, questions about how far those regulations can and should extend. Is it enough to take down or delink material in a geographically segmented way? Or can and should tech companies be ordered to takedown or delink unsavory content across their entire platforms—no matter who is posting the material or where the unwanted content is viewed? How do we deal with conflicting speech norms across borders? And how do we protect against the most censor-prone nation effectively setting global speech rules? These questions were …
Privacy And Security Across Borders, Jennifer Daskal
Privacy And Security Across Borders, Jennifer Daskal
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
Three recent initiatives -by the United States, European Union, and Australiaare opening salvos in what will likely be an ongoing and critically important debate about law enforcement access to data, the jurisdictional limits to such access, and the rules that apply. Each of these developments addresses a common set of challenges posed by the increased digitalization of information, the rising power of private companies delimiting access to that information, and the cross-border nature of investigations that involve digital evidence. And each has profound implications for privacy, security, and the possibility of meaningful democratic accountability and control. This Essay analyzes the …
Gundy And The Civil-Criminal Divide, Jenny M. Roberts
Gundy And The Civil-Criminal Divide, Jenny M. Roberts
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
It could have been the case that declared “most of Government ... unconstitutional,” by reviving a robust application of the doctrine that prohibits Congress from delegating its law-making power to the other branches. At least that is what many awaiting the Court’s widely-anticipated 2019 decision in Gundy v. United States believed, after the Court agreed to decide whether “Congress unconstitutionally delegated legislative power when it authorized the Attorney General to ‘specify the applicability’ of [the federal Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act]’s registration requirements to pre-Act offenders.” Gundy did not deliver on its potential to upend the administrative state. Instead, …
Five Principles For Vertical Merger Enforcement Policy, Jonathan Baker, Steven Salop, Fiona M. Scott Morton, Nancy Rose
Five Principles For Vertical Merger Enforcement Policy, Jonathan Baker, Steven Salop, Fiona M. Scott Morton, Nancy Rose
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
There seems to be consensus that the Department of Justice’s 1984 Vertical Merger Guidelines do not reflect either modern theoretical and empirical economic analysis or current agency enforcement policy. Yet widely divergent views of preferred enforcement policies have been expressed among agency enforcers and commentators. Based on our review of the relevant economic literature and our experience analyzing vertical mergers, we recommend that the enforcement agencies adopt five principles: (i) The agencies should consider and investigate the full range of potential anticompetitive harms when evaluating vertical mergers; (ii) The agencies should decline to presume that vertical mergers benefit competition on …
Accommodating Competition: Harmonizing National Economic Commitments, Jonathan Baker
Accommodating Competition: Harmonizing National Economic Commitments, Jonathan Baker
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
This article shows how the norm supporting governmental action to protect and foster competitive markets was harmonized with economic rights to contract and property during the 19th century, and with the development of the social safety net during the 20th century. It explains why the Constitution, as understood today, does not check the erosion of the entrenched but threatened national commitment to assuring competitive markets.
Who Is The Client? Rethinking Professional Responsibility For Benefit Corporations, Joseph Pileri
Who Is The Client? Rethinking Professional Responsibility For Benefit Corporations, Joseph Pileri
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
A growing social enterprise movement has led companies to increasingly opt into the benefit corporation form, and those companies are hiring lawyers. Benefit corporations challenge the notion that corporate law’s primary focus is on furthering shareholder interests. While many have written about the benefit corporation with respect to corporate fiduciary law, this Article is the first to explore the form’s ethical implications for lawyers. Ethical obligations necessarily reflect substantive law governing client organizations; changes to the corporate form presented by benefit corporation legislation should reverberate in legal ethics. The legal profession, however, has not addressed how to lawyer to a …
Who Owns The Rules Of War In Today's Post-Post-Cold War?, Kenneth Anderson
Who Owns The Rules Of War In Today's Post-Post-Cold War?, Kenneth Anderson
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
Professor Gabriella Blum's The Paradox of Power observes that international humanitarian law (IHL) has been in a long. term evolution toward putting the principle of "humanitarianism" and civilian protection at its normative and legal center. The Lecture (on which this essay is a commentary) identifies several reasons for this, in particular (within and across liberal democratic societies) social acceptance of IHL as law but also as socially internalized norms that give IHL broad moral legitimacy. Accepting The Paradox of Power's main propositions as cor rect, this Commentary extends its account in several ways. First, The Paradox of Power's combination of …
Copyright And The Progress Of Science: Why Text And Data Mining Is Lawful, Michael Carroll
Copyright And The Progress Of Science: Why Text And Data Mining Is Lawful, Michael Carroll
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
This Article argues that U.S. copyright law provides a competitive advantage in the global race for innovation policy because it permits researchers to conduct computational analysis — text and data mining — on any materials to which they have access. Amendments to copyright law in Japan, and the European Union’s recent addition of limitations on copyright to legalize some TDM research, implicitly acknowledge the competitive benefits provided by the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Focusing only on U.S. law, this Article makes two general contributions to the literature on fair use: (1) in cases involving archiving, the user’s …
Use Of Force In Humanitarian Crises: Addressing The Limitations Of U.N. Security Council Authorization, Paul Williams, Sophie Pearlman
Use Of Force In Humanitarian Crises: Addressing The Limitations Of U.N. Security Council Authorization, Paul Williams, Sophie Pearlman
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
The original 2001 United Nations (UN) codification of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) granted the UN Security Council exclusive control over authorizing use of force in sovereign states. Unfortunately, as demonstrated over the past 20 years, the need for humanitarian intervention has not changed and the use of force in the name of humanitarian intervention has not always occurred even when the need for such intervention was dire. When the UN Security Council is deadlocked, and a humanitarian crisis is at hand, it is necessary to have a means of using low-intensity military force to prevent mass atrocity crimes. In …
Talking Foreign Policy: North Korea Summit, Paul Williams, Shannon French, Michael P. Scharf, Milena Sterio, Tim Webster
Talking Foreign Policy: North Korea Summit, Paul Williams, Shannon French, Michael P. Scharf, Milena Sterio, Tim Webster
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
No abstract provided.
Cracking The Copyright Dilemma In Software Preservation: Protecting Digital Culture Through Fair Use Consensus, Peter Jaszi, Patricia Aufderheide, Brandon Butler, Krista L. Cox
Cracking The Copyright Dilemma In Software Preservation: Protecting Digital Culture Through Fair Use Consensus, Peter Jaszi, Patricia Aufderheide, Brandon Butler, Krista L. Cox
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
Copyright problems may inhibit the crucially important work of preserving legacy software. Such software is worthy of study in its own right because it is critical to accessing digital culture and expression. Preservation work is essential for communicating across boundaries of the past and present in a digital era. Software preservationists in the United States have addressed their copyright problems by developing a code of best practices in employing fair use. Their work is an example of how collective action by users of law changes the norms and beliefs about law, which can in turn change the law itself insofar …
Using The Ada's 'Integration Mandate' To Disrupt Mass Incarceration, Robert Dinerstein
Using The Ada's 'Integration Mandate' To Disrupt Mass Incarceration, Robert Dinerstein
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
As a result of the disability rights movement's fight for the development of community-based services, the percentage of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD) and mental illness living in institutions has significantly decreased over the last few decades. However, in part because of government failure to invest properly in community-based services required for a successful transition from institutions, individuals with disabilities are now dramatically overrepresented in jails and prisons. The Americans with Disabilities Act's (ADA) "integration mandate" -- a principle strengthened by the Supreme Court's 1999 Olmstead v. L.C. decision, entitling individuals with disabilities to receive services in the …
The Clinical Law Review At 25 - What Have We Wrought, Robert Dinerstein
The Clinical Law Review At 25 - What Have We Wrought, Robert Dinerstein
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
No abstract provided.
Manufactured Emergencies, Robert Tsai
Manufactured Emergencies, Robert Tsai
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
Emergencies are presumed to be unusual affairs, but the United States has been in one state of emergency or another for the last forty years. That is a problem. The erosion of democratic norms has led to not simply the collapse of the traditional conceptual boundary between ordinary rule and emergency governance, but also the emergence of an even graver problem: the manufactured crisis. In an age characterized by extreme partisanship, institutional gridlock, and technological manipulation of information, it has become exceedingly easy and far more tempting for a President to invoke extraordinary power by ginning up exigencies. To reduce …
Considerations Of History And Purpose In Constitutional Borrowing, Robert Tsai
Considerations Of History And Purpose In Constitutional Borrowing, Robert Tsai
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
This essay is part of a symposium issue dedicated to "Constitutional Rights: Intersections, Synergies, and Conflicts" at William and Mary School of Law. I make four points. First, perfect harmony among rights might not always be normatively desirable. In fact, in some instances, such as when First Amendment and Second Amendment rights clash, we might wish to have expressive rights consistently trump gun rights. Second, we can't resolve clashes between rights in the abstract but instead must consult history in a broadly relevant rather than a narrowly "originalist" fashion. When we do so, we learn that armed expression and white …
The Bemba Appeals Chamber Judgment: Impunity For Sexual And Gender-Based Crimes?, Susana Sacouto, Patricia Viseur Sellers
The Bemba Appeals Chamber Judgment: Impunity For Sexual And Gender-Based Crimes?, Susana Sacouto, Patricia Viseur Sellers
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
On June 8, 2018, a majority of the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Court (ICC) reversed the conviction of former military commander Jean-Pierre Bemba for the crimes against humanity of rape and murder and the war crimes of rape, murder, and pillaging committed by his troops in the Central African Republic (CAR) between October 2002, and March 2003. The decision was clearly a disappointment for the victims of the crimes committed by Bemba’s troops, who have been waiting for more than fifteen years for a measure of justice. Significantly, the acquittal also means that sixteen years after the Rome …
Accidental Scholar: Navigating Academia As A Clinician And Reflecting On Intergenerational Change, Binny Miller
Accidental Scholar: Navigating Academia As A Clinician And Reflecting On Intergenerational Change, Binny Miller
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
No abstract provided.
Right To A Healthy Prison Environment: Health Care In Custody Under The Prism Of Torture, Juan E. Mendez
Right To A Healthy Prison Environment: Health Care In Custody Under The Prism Of Torture, Juan E. Mendez
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
No abstract provided.
Contracts Are Like Snowflakes, David Spratt
Contracts Are Like Snowflakes, David Spratt
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
No abstract provided.
Take Inventory Each Year, David Spratt
Take Inventory Each Year, David Spratt
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
No abstract provided.
A Tribute To Judge Patricia Wald, Jeffrey Lubbers
A Tribute To Judge Patricia Wald, Jeffrey Lubbers
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
No abstract provided.