Law Commons^™

Preface To Protecting The Environment Through Land Use Law: Standing Ground, John R. Nolon

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

Protecting the Environment Through Land Use Law: Standing Ground takes a close look at the historical struggle of local governments to balance land development with natural resource conservation. This book updates and expands on his four previous books, which established a comprehensive framework for understanding the many ways that local land use authority can be used to preserve natural resources and environmental functions at the community level. Standing Ground describes in detail how localities are responding to new challenges, including the imperative that they adapt to and help mitigate climate change and create sustainable neighborhoods. This body of work emphasizes …

Disaggregating Disasters, Ronnell Anderson Jones, Lisa Grow Sun

Utah Law Faculty Scholarship

In the years since the September 11 attacks, scholars and commentators have criticized the emergence of both legal developments and policy rhetoric that blur the lines between war and terrorism. Unrecognized, but equally as damaging to democratic ideals—and potentially more devastating in practical effect—is the expansion of this trend beyond the context of terrorism to a much wider field of nonwar emergencies. Indeed, in recent years, war and national security rhetoric has come to permeate the legal and policy conversations on a wide variety of natural and technological disasters. This melding of disaster and war for purposes of justifying exceptions …

Corporations As Ships: An Inquiry Into Personal Accountability And Institutional Legitimacy , Art Wolfe

Pepperdine Law Review

No abstract provided.

Human Flotsam, Legal Fallout: Japan's Tsunami And Nuclear Meltdown, Robert B. Leflar, Ayako Hirata, Masayuki Murayama, Shozo Ota

Robert B Leflar

We report on our field research in Fukushima Prefecture in July 2011. We interviewed legal professionals and community leaders in Fukushima City and in towns inundated by the March 2011 tsunami and within a few kilometers of Fukushima No. 1 nuclear reactor. We catalogued many of the extensive variety of problems faced by Fukushima residents, both evacuees and those who remained in their homes. Many of these problems, both legal and non-legal, arose from government actions as the disaster unfolded and afterwards, including the administration of the initial program for provisional compensation for disaster victims. We learned that in the …

Law In The Time Of Cholera: Teaching Disaster Law As A Research Course, Neal R. Axton

Faculty Scholarship

Disaster law is fun to teach but it has a serious purpose. Emergencies will inevitably arise but how society responds to them will determine whether or not they become full-blown disasters. Training law students to adapt to dynamic situations will give them the skills they need in a world facing global warming, resource depletion, and a burgeoning population. By creating a more robust legal system, we can create a more resilient society.

Originally published in the May 2011 issue of AALL Spectrum.

Crude Defenses? Liability Limits For Offshore Drilling Accidents And Oil Spills, Richard Faulk

Richard Faulk

All those who participate in realizing the benefits of exploration – including those who use the resulting products and depend on their safe handling to avoid harm – are subject to their dangers. When the risks are enormous, and when society’s demands are extraordinary, the situation is ripe for political compromise. The products of that compromise may not be popular at this time of crisis, but that does not lessen their importance as anchors of reason during difficult times. The Limitation Act and the OPA, as well as the procedures under Supplemental Rule F, form a foundation that enables the …

Stretching The Boom? Limiting Liability For Offshore Drilling Disasters, Richard Faulk

Richard Faulk

Offshore drilling is a tremendously complicated and potentially lucrative process. Unfortunately, it is also dangerous. Harvesters of fossil fuels face massive risks, not only to their lives and properties, but also to our environment and the livelihoods of all those who depend upon it. On balance, our “modern” sense of justice might insist that those who realize wealth should bear the risks that their exploration and production poses to others. But when a product, like petroleum, is inextricably woven into our national fabric, legislators sometimes reach surprising compromises. So, it seems, the owner of the Deepwater Horizon will argue in …

Participation And Disintermediation In A Risk Society, Robert J. Rhee

Robert Rhee

The chapter argues that financing extreme catastrophic loss will become more problematic as catastrophes become more frequent and severe. An effective strategy must increase the level of participation in the spreading of risk and loss. Currently, risk spreading is done largely through insurers and government as they are the default aggregators of private and public capital. An enlargement of participation may mean the disintermediation of the traditional insurance and public compensation functions, thus allowing more direct and efficient participation between those are exposed to risk and those who are willing to bear it. This chapter also argues that tax policy …

A Tale Of Two Cities: Lessons Learned From New Orleans To The District Of Columbia For The Protection Of Vulnerable Populations From The Consequences Of Disaster, Laurie A. Morin

University of the District of Columbia Law Review

Like Paris before the French Revolution, New Orleans is a city of extremes. Visitors from around the world visit "the Big Easy" to sip chicory coffee and eat beignets in the French Quarter, listen to some of the country's best music at the jazz festival, and join one of the world's most famous parties during Mardi Gras. When Hurricane Katrina struck New Orleans in August 2005, it exposed the soft underbelly of New Orleans-the other side of the city where thousands of people, mostly African Americans, live in pockets of concentrated poverty unable to escape the consequences of decades of …

Natural Is Not In It: Disaster, Race, And The Built Environment, Thomas W. Joo

Thomas W Joo

Hurricane Katrina was not a “natural” disaster; rather it illustrates the role that human choices play in many arenas we tend to think of as governed by chance natural occurrence. This essay explores this theme on three different levels.

First, insights from the legal analysis of the built environment illuminate the disaster as an example of the influence of human choices on the shape of the environment, including urban planning and flood control policy

Second, Katrina underscores the role of race-based choices in the fate of Americans. Like environmental decisions, deliberate racial segregation and neglect were as critical as chance …

Participation And Disintermediation In A Risk Society, Robert J. Rhee

Faculty Scholarship

The chapter argues that financing extreme catastrophic loss will become more problematic as catastrophes become more frequent and severe. An effective strategy must increase the level of participation in the spreading of risk and loss. Currently, risk spreading is done largely through insurers and government as they are the default aggregators of private and public capital. An enlargement of participation may mean the disintermediation of the traditional insurance and public compensation functions, thus allowing more direct and efficient participation between those are exposed to risk and those who are willing to bear it. This chapter also argues that tax policy …

Losing Ground: Nation On Edge, John R. Nolon

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

The primary objective of our book is to refocus attention on the mitigation element of this enduring debate. The chapters in this edited volume grow out of our multiyear program entitled Nation on Edge. The purpose of this program was to draw together leading scholars and practitioners in a collective conversation on the subject of disaster mitigation; that is, on questions of how government can better manage private and public decisionmaking and can more effectively regulate the use of private property in order to curtail damage from inevitable disasters. Our book stands alongside the expanding collection of government reports, essays, …

Large-Scale Disasters Attacking The American Dream: How To Protect And Empower Homeowners And Lenders, Matthew D. Ekins

Matthew D Ekins

The 2005 hurricane season reminded the world that such catastrophes can and do occur anywhere at anytime. Recovery efforts continue long after tides recede and after-shocks cease. In the context of Hurricane Katrina, this article examines the homeowner-lender relationship to determine risks natural disasters pose to the mortgage industry, likely repercussions a fallout in the mortgage industry may have on the health of the general economy, and what preventative steps have been and may be taken to prevent further economic suffering in a post-catastrophe environment.

The Law Of International Disaster Response: Overview And Ramifications For Military Actors, David Fisher

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

Global Disasters: Pakistan's Experience, Ikram Ul Haq

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

How Do We Deal With This Mess? A Primer For State And Local Governments On Navigating The Legal Complexities Of Debris Issues Following Mass Disasters, Ryan M. Seidemann, Megan K. Terrell, Christopher D. Matchett

ExpressO

The devastation wrought by the 2005 hurricane season brought into bold relief the need for comprehensive debris management plans in the United States. As cleanup efforts commenced following Hurricane Katrina, it became abundantly apparent that the local governments were not prepared to deal with the massive scope of the debris problem.

Disasters will occur. It is not a matter of if, but a matter of when. The entire nation is at risk of being struck by some type of disaster at some time. The best way to deal with the outfall from these disasters is to be prepared for them …

A Tale Of Two Imperiled Rivers: Reflections From A Post-Katrina World, Sandra Zellmer

Nebraska College of Law: Faculty Publications

Hurricanes are a natural, predictable phenomenon, yet the Gulf Coast communities were devastated by the hurricanes of 2005. One year after Hurricane Katrina struck, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers responded to a congressional request for an accounting by admitting culpability for the destruction of New Orleans. Its structural defenses failed not because Congress had authorized only moderate Category 3 protection, which in turn let floodwaters overtop the city's levees, but because levees and floodwalls simply collapsed. The so-called network of federal and local structures was a haphazard system in name only, where floodwalls and levees of varying heights utilized …

Evaluating Katrina: A Snapshot Of Renters’ Rights Following Disasters, Olympia Duhart, Eloisa C. Rodriguez-Dod

Faculty Scholarship

Hurricane Katrina destroyed the homes of many people living in parts of the Gulf Region. The storm displaced as many as 800,000 victims and it is still difficult for them to return home. Consequently, many homeowners have turned to renting because of the slow recovery process. Renters face added difficulties; they are often the last in line for government benefits and other assistance. There is much hostility towards the rights of renters, creating even more difficulties for them. This article focuses on the difficulties facing evacuee renters in New Orleans following the disaster. These renters face such obstacles as scarcity …

The Flood: Political Economy And Disaster, Mari J. Matsuda

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

As summer faded to fall in 2005, a hurricane hit New Orleans, a city so unique in its history that it has more history than many American cities. It was nonetheless an American city in these telling parameters: a city of luxury alongside squalor, two-thirds Black, one-fourth poor, with the gap between its rich and poor growing at a gallop as the waters of lake and river lapped gently along aging, grass-covered levees.

Freeze the frame before the waters rise, and what do you see? A devastated public school system, where Black children are labeled “failing,” along with their schools. …

Evaluating Katrina: A Snapshot Of Renters’ Rights Following Disasters, Eloisa Rodriguez-Dod, Olympia Duhart

Faculty Publications

Hurricane Katrina destroyed the homes of many people living in parts of the Gulf Region. The storm displaced as many as 800,000 victims and it is still difficult for them to return home. Consequently, many homeowners have turned to renting because of the slow recovery process. Renters face added difficulties; they are often the last in line for government benefits and other assistance. There is much hostility towards the rights of renters, creating even more difficulties for them.

This article focuses on the difficulties evacuee renters faced in New Orleans following the disaster. This article discusses legislation and attempted legislation …

Did Nepa Drown New Orleans? The Levees, The Blame Game, And The Hazards Of Hindsight, Thomas O. Mcgarity, Douglas A. Kysar

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

This Article highlights the hazards of hindsight analysis of the causes of catastrophic events, focusing on theories of why the New Orleans levees failed during Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and particularly on the theory that the levee failures were "caused" by a 1977 National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) lawsuit that resulted in a temporary injunction against the Army Corps of Engineers' hurricane protection project for New Orleans. The Article provides a detailed historical reconstruction of the decision process that eventuated in the New Orleans storm surge protection system, focusing both on the political and legal factors involved and on the …

National Survey Evidence On Disasters And Relief: Risk Beliefs, Self-Interest, And Compassion, W. Kip Viscusi, Richard J. Zeckhauser

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

A nationally representative sample of respondents estimated their fatality risks from four types of natural disasters, and indicated whether they favored governmental disaster relief. For all hazards, including auto accident risks, most respondents assessed their risks as being below average, with one-third assessing them as average. Individuals from high-risk states, or with experience with disasters, estimate risks higher, though by less than reasonable calculations require. Four-fifths of our respondents favor government relief for disaster victims, but only one-third do for victims in high-risk areas. Individuals who perceive themselves at higher risk are more supportive of government assistance.

Blurring The Lines Of Environmental Responsibility: How Corporate And Public Governance Was Circumvented In The Ok Tedi Mining Limited Disaster, Judith M. Marychurch, Natalie P. Stoianoff

Faculty of Law - Papers (Archive)

This paper will present the preliminary findings of a research project into the impact of legislative legitimation of environmental damage on corporate governance in multinational companies and on public governance in the nation state. The environmental devastation of the Ok Tedi mine in Papua New Guinea (PNG) will be the focus of the paper.

Relief From The Rubble: Tax Assistance For Victims Of The 2005 Hurricane Season, Francine J. Lipman

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

Anatomy Of A Disaster Under The Internal Revenue Code, Francine J. Lipman

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

Pro Bono In Times Of Crisis: Looking Forward By Looking Back, Deborah Rhode

Fordham Urban Law Journal

Thousands of lawyers donated their time in response to the crisis of 9/11, but many did not. A remaining challenge is to ensure that the vast majority of the legal profession views public service as an essential professional responsibility. This essay examines previous studies on the pro bono contributions of those in the legal profession and how the findings of those studies show what motivations and sustains lawyers' public service. Specifically, this essay examines pro bono legal assistance in response to the 9/11 crisis. The author explains that it is essential to give law students a sense of obligation in …

A Practitioner's Reflections: The Ongoing Relevance Of The Pro Bono Response To 9/11, Ronald J. Tabak

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This article discusses the pro bono response to the horrendous events of 9/11 and its ongoing importance. This is not simply because these efforts could replicated or improved on as a response in the event of another catastrophe. More importantly, what was and was not accomplished and by whom, plus the spillover effects of 9/11-related pro bono efforts, all have great significance to efforts to increase "regular” pro bono activities.

Public Service In A Time Of Crisis: A Report And Retrospective On The Legal Community's Response To The Events Of September 11, 2001

Fordham Urban Law Journal

The attacks on September 11, 2001 were unprecedented in scope, and the legal needs that grew out of the attacks were varied and far-reaching. This report summarizes the response of the legal community to these needs. The response was fast, thoughtful, comprehensive, and creative. And as a result, thousands of people were helped and thousands of lawyers were able to use their professional talents and skills in a manner that both led to important services being provided to people in need and resulted in great personal satisfaction. In response to 9/11, the institutions that make up the New York area …

Preparing For The Worst: Re-Envisioning Disaster Legal Relief In The Era Of Homeland Security, Martha F. Davis

Fordham Urban Law Journal

The New York legal community's response to the September 11th disaster provides an excellent example of pro bono assistance in a time of crisis. The New York response featured many well-trained lawyers with extensive resources and organizational efforts from the New York City bar. However, not all communities have the same resources and ability to mobilize for a large pro bono effort in response to a disaster. While the New York response was impressive, a lasting effect on pro bono participation or an improvement in the public's perception of the legal profession has not resulted. This essay explores whether, despite …

Normalcy After 9/11: Public Service As The Crisis Fades, Russell Engler

Fordham Urban Law Journal

The legal community's response to 9/11 was fast, thoughtful, comprehensive, creative, and collaborative. The success of the legal community's efforts must be measured not only by analysis of the response to the 9/11 crisis itself, but also by consideration of whether the lessons learned paved the way for an improved response for the legal community to the legal crises facing families every day. The Report on the New York City Bar's response to 9/11 outlined unmet legal needs, many of which still remain unmet. There is also a risk that those responding to the crisis were diverted from attending to …