Law Commons^™

Table Annexed To Article: Counting ‘Sled Dog’ Adjectives Deployed In The Early Constitution (1787-1804), Peter Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

When a vocabulary of 49 adjectives – cardinals, ordinals, pronomials, and so forth – what OCL calls the ‘sled dog’ adjectives are tested against the target vocabulary – all 5,224 words in the Early Constitution (1787-1804), a total of 485 hits are recorded. OCL surveys these results and draws conclusions.

Table Annexed To Article: Color Me Adverb: How The Convention Painted The Text Of The Philadelphia Constitution, Peter Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

Adverbs are one of the principal – and most readily trackable – means by which writers of the English language color their output. Relying on ‘-ly’ adverbs (out of 3,732 total adverbs), adverb usage in the Philadelphia constitution is measured.

Table Annexed To Article: Counting Adjectives Deployed In The Early Constitution (1787-1804), Peter Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

How many adjectives were deployed by the authors of the Early Constitution (1787-1804)? Counting adjectives in the target vocabulary, the computation returns 114 different adjectives with 531 total deployments in the 5,224 words of the Early Constitution. Why do adjectives matter in English (or in any IE language)? Why do these counts matter?

Speeches And Essays On The Jay Treaty Funding Bill (1796), Peter Aschenbrenner

Peter J. Aschenbrenner

William Vans Murray challenged James Madison on the floor of the House to take up the mantle of “oracle” of the constitution. James Madison refused and returned that it was the ratifiers, not the writers, of the constitution whose opinion mattered. Hamilton, having had his say and taunted Murray into the fray, is quoted in full (and for good) measure. The year is 1796 and we still don’t know the answer to the question ‘Why do we have a constitution.’ OCL explores these issues.

Eu 경쟁당국의 기습현장조사, Hee-Eun Kim

Hee-Eun Kim

No abstract provided.

Brazil, Lucas Abreu Barroso

Lucas Abreu Barroso

No abstract provided.

Child Consumption And Food (In)Security In Brazil, Lucas Abreu Barroso

Lucas Abreu Barroso

No abstract provided.

Le Pattuizioni Di Co-Vendita Quali Limiti Alla Circolazione Di Azioni E Quote, Valerio Sangiovanni

Valerio Sangiovanni

No abstract provided.

Asociacionismo Y Teoría De Los Actos Propios, Daniel Echaiz Moreno

Daniel Echaiz Moreno

No abstract provided.

El Renacimiento Del Gobierno Corporativo, Daniel Echaiz Moreno

Daniel Echaiz Moreno

No abstract provided.

Altísima Especialización Más Atención Personalizada, Daniel Echaiz Moreno

Daniel Echaiz Moreno

No abstract provided.

El Forward Desde La Perspectiva De Las Cajas Municipales De Ahorro Y Crédito, Daniel Echaiz Moreno

Daniel Echaiz Moreno

No abstract provided.

Regulación De La Universidad Pública Y Control Constitucional, Daniel Soria Luján

Daniel Soria Luján

No abstract provided.

Liberty, Equality, Diversity: States, Cultures And International Law, Ana Filipa Vrdoljak

Ana Filipa Vrdoljak

This chapter explores how culture is addressed by contemporary international law, with particular reference to human rights law norms. The first part covering freedom focuses on the rise of the modern state and its conscious reimagining of ties with its citizens through the promotion of tolerance and a secular, national identity. The shift is explored through the prisms of the freedom of religion, the right to participate in (national) cultural life, and the limitations on freedom of expression including prohibition of hate speech and domestic blasphemy laws. The second part on equality centres on the relationship between the state, the …

La Patentes Como Límite A La Innovación Tecnológica, Alejandro Pérez Y Soto Dominguez, Katherine Flórez Pinilla

Alejandro Pérez y Soto Dominguez

El presente artículo analiza, desde el marco de la Escuela Austriaca, la propiedad intelectual reflejada en las patentes, entendidas como un mecanismo del legislador para incentivar una conducta empresarial que propenda por la innovación y el desarrollo tecnológico. Se tomó como caso las patentes en el sector farmacéutico, obteniendo a partir de éste evidencia empírica la corroboración de las hipótesis de la escuela, por medio de un análisis teórico a la luz de los problemas identificados alrededor de la patente, tales como: discriminación de precios, investigación parcializada en ciertas enfermedades, poder de mercado ilimitado, barreras al desarrollo tecnológico nacional, altos …

Strategic Default In Joint Liability Groups: Evidence From A Natural Experiment In India, Xavier Gine, Karuna Krishnaswamy, Alejandro Ponce

Alejandro Ponce

Despite the high repayment rates claimed by microcredit programs around the world, some groups of borrowers eventually default and are subsequently disbanded. Exposure to common shocks and strategic default are reasons for the deterioration in group repayment but identification of the precise mechanism is difficult. In this paper we exploit an announcement issued by the Anjuman Committee of a town in southern India banning all Muslims from repaying their microfinance loans. Using administrative data we find that borrowers in Muslim-dominated groups have higher default rates after the announcement compared to the same borrowers with loans in Hindu-dominated groups. We conclude …

The Killer Idea: How Some Gunslinging Anarchists Held Freedom Of Speech At Gunpoint, Gert A. Van Vugt Msc

Gert A van Vugt MSc

In May 2013, the first all-plastic, 3D printed gun was fired. This paper offers a detailed description of the origins and development of the printable gun. It elucidates the transformation of the principal narrative in the increasing media coverage from circumventing arms regulation to defending free speech, highlighting the role of Defense Distributed and their strategic framing of the printable gun. Finally, the uptake of the latter narrative by early popular and scholarly contributions is discussed. The paper highlights the political impact of narrative formation in debates about regulating 3D printing and the communication of printable designs, and suggests an …

Become A Rulemaking Ninja: Exploring The Oira Web Portal, Robert R.M. Verchick

Robert R.M. Verchick

No abstract provided.

La Natura E L'Onere Di Motivazione Delle Sanzioni Pecuniarie In Materia Edilizia, Valentina Gastaldo

Valentina Gastaldo

Gli artt. 135 e 128 della legge provinciale del Trentino Alto Adige n. 22 del 1991, modificati con legge provinciale 4 marzo 2008, n. 1, nel prevedere la possibilità per il Comune di applicare le sanzioni pecuniarie ‘‘previste dai commi 4 e 5 dell’art. 135’’ se le opere abusive ‘‘non contrastino con rilevanti interessi urbanistici’’ (art. 128, comma 8), non prevedono affatto l’obbligo della motivazione dei provvedimenti sanzionatori, i quali sono sempre vincolati anche ai sensi della normativa statale, ovvero della ragione della specifica determinazione della sanzione pecuniaria. Il complesso delle norme introdotte ai fini della sanatoria degli abusi edilizi …

The International Criminal Court And Lubanga: The Feminist Critique And Jus Cogens, Eric Allen Engle

Bocconi Legal Papers

The Lubanga decision, despite procedural missteps, further anchors the prohibition of child soldiers and child auxiliaries under international law. Feminist criticisms of Lubanga misapprehend the potential of Lubanga to attain the types of legal victories feminists strive for. While one can criticize Lubanga as a matter of procedure, Lubanga methodically strengthens the prohibition of child soldiery. The prohibition of child soldiers, like the prohibition of wartime rape, forced prostitution, and child sex-tourism are or are becoming jus cogens norms. Lubanga contributes to this coherence of jus cogens and sets the stage for extension of its logic into other wrongs committed …

Patentes Como Límite A La Innovación Tecnológica, Katherine Florez Pinilla, Alejandro Perez Y Soto Domínguez

KATHERINE FLOREZ PINILLA

El presente artículo pretende analizar, desde el marco de la Escuela Austriaca, la propiedad intelectual reflejada en las patentes, entendidas como un mecanismo del legislador para incentivar una conducta empresarial que propenda por la innovación y el desarrollo tecnológico. Se tomó como caso las patentes en el sector farmacéutico, obteniendo a partir de éste evidencia empírica la corroboración de las hipótesis de la escuela, por medio de un análisis teórico a la luz de los problemas identificados alrededor de la patente, tales como: discriminación de precios, investigación parcializada en ciertas enfermedades, poder de mercado ilimitado, barreras al desarrollo tecnológico nacional, …

An Economic Approach To Collective Rights And Their Means Of Supply: The Case Of Right To "The Enjoyment Of A Healthy Environment" And The Right To "Rational Management And Use Of Natural Resources" [En Español], Daniel A. Monroy

Daniel A Monroy C

This paper has two main objectives (i) Demonstrate that the defining characteristic of collective rights related to non-excludable of the benefits derived from the "means" of supply and the material "objects" of rights, is consistent with the microeconomic defining characteristic of so-called "public goods" and "commons " (together we call these as non-excludable resources). On the other hand, (ii) Demonstrate that when we analyze the collective rights as non-excludable resources this aims important omitted challenges by traditional legal doctrine related with the adequate supply of collective rights, this happens because the problems of the -Olsonian- logic of collective action. For …

Il Primo Scoglio Del Diritto Di Iniziativa Dei Cittadini Europei, Andrea Simoncini Prof.

Erik Longo

In the next few months the General Court of the European Union will rule on the issue of the admissibility of an European Citizens’ Initiative (hereinafter ECI) rejected on 6th September 2012 by the European Commission. This judgment is expected as one of the first assessment of the brand new instrument for participatory democracy introduced in the Lisbon Treaty (Article 11 of TUE). ECI is designed to allow the citizens to take an active role within the lawmaking process of the EU. One million citizens who fulfill a petition to call on the Commission have the right to propose a …

Activismo Judicial. Un Marco Para La Discusión, Sergio Verdugo Sverdugor@Udd.Cl, José Francisco García

Sergio Verdugo R.

No abstract provided.

Challenges For China's Outward Fdi, Karl P. Sauvant

Karl P. Sauvant

Karl P. Sauvant, "Challenges for China's Outward FDI,” op. ed., China Daily, 31 October 2013.

Efficient Breach In The Common European Sales Law (Cesl), Wenqing Liao

Wenqing Liao

In the classic economic theory, it is suggested that contract law should be structured in such a way that efficient breaches (i.e. those increasing social welfare) would be promoted. The default remedy of expectation damages was justified on this cognition. Nowadays, more and more suspects and critiques are raised against the so called simple efficient breach model. The aim of this paper is to re-sketch the theory of efficient breach and to compare the consequences resulting from economic analysis with the remedy rules of the Common European Sales Law (CESL). It is proposed that the doctrine of efficient breach has …

Efficient Breach In The Common European Sales Law (Cesl), Wenqing Liao

Wenqing Liao

In the classic economic theory, it is suggested that contract law should be structured in such a way that efficient breaches (i.e. those increasing social welfare) would be promoted. The default remedy of expectation damages was justified on this cognition. Nowadays, more and more suspects and critiques are raised against the so called simple efficient breach model. The aim of this paper is to re-sketch the theory of efficient breach and to compare the consequences resulting from economic analysis with the remedy rules of the Common European Sales Law (CESL). It is proposed that the doctrine of efficient breach has …

Not So Unprecedented: A Review Of Unprecedented: The Constitutional Challenge To Obamacare By Josh Blackman, Randall Kelso

Randall Kelso

In his book, Unprecedented: The Constitutional Challenge to Obamacare (2013), Professor Josh Blackman presents a detailed account of the battle to defeat the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, giving us an inside-look at the strategy choices, and the highs and lows, of events surrounding the multiple cases involved in the ACA litigation. The book is very well-written, with lively, engaging prose, while taking the reader through the tumultuous events surrounding the ACA’s initial drafting, legislative maneuvering, and eventual passage on March 23, 2010, through the Supreme Court’s decision on its constitutionality on June 28, 2012.

Professor Blackman’s …

The Tbt Agreement And Tobacco Control Regulations, Lukasz A. Gruszczynski

Lukasz A Gruszczynski

The article analyses reports issued by the panel and the Appellate Body in the US – Measures Affecting the Productions and Sale of Clove Cigarettes dispute and attempts to assess their broader consequences for national tobacco control policies. Both reports are particularly important because they clarify the limits existing under WTO law, in particular the TBT Agreement, in this policy space. In this context, the article investigates whether the WTO dispute settlement bodies interpreted relevant rules of the TBT Agreement in a manner that provides countries with sufficient regulatory autonomy while ensuring at the same time that their technical measures …

The Who Protocol To Eliminate Illicit Trade In Tobacco Products: A Next Step In International Control Of Tobacco Products, Lukasz A. Gruszczynski

Lukasz A Gruszczynski

This report discusses the main provisions of the recently adopted WHO Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products. While recognizing the remarkable achievement of the global community in its efforts to curb illicit trade in tobacco products at the international level, the report also highlights those aspects of the Protocol that may undermine its effectiveness in the long-term perspective. In this context the enforcement capabilities of developing countries are cited as a main concern.