Law Commons^™

Consensual Amorous Relationships Between Faculty And Students: The Constitutional Right To Privacy, Elisabeth A. Keller

Elisabeth Keller

Surveys of college students in the United States revealed that a significant number of students thought they had been victims of some form of sexual harassment. Growing awareness of the magnitude, dimensions, and effects of sexual harassment at educational institutions and the potential for institutional liability have prompted educators to adopt policies to avert such problems. The policies typically prohibit sexual harassment of employees and students and alert the university community to the serious effects of sexual harassment and the potential for student exploitation. Some universities have gone beyond establishing regulations directed at widely litigated problems of sexual harassment and …

Migrating Lawyers And The Ethics Of Conflict Checking, Paul R. Tremblay

Paul R. Tremblay

Lawyers often leave a practice setting and move to a new practice as their career paths advance or change. The incidence of lawyer migration has increased dramatically in the past decade, as law firms recruit more lateral hires and offer fewer partnership opportunities to their associates. As a lawyer prepares to change employment settings, her prospective new law firm asks her about the clients she has represented in the past. The new law firm must insist on this information, for without it the firm could not screen for possible conflicts of interest. Were the firm to hire a lawyer without …

Rebellious Lawyering, Regnant Lawyering, And Street-Level Bureaucracy, Paul R. Tremblay

Paul R. Tremblay

This Article explores the professional responsibilities of progressive lawyers representing the poor and disadvantaged. The author argues that lawyers representing the poor are generally good, energetic lawyers committed to social justice and lessening the pain of poverty. Subsequently, the defects found in poverty lawyering are structural, institutional, political, economic, and ethical. Therefore, the author posits that the mission of teachers and practitioners should be to develop practice patterns and proposals that account for the street-level experiences of legal services lawyers on the front lines. By examining the notions of rebellious and regnant lawyering, the author seeks to illuminate how these …

Professional Ethics In Interdisciplinary Collaboratives: Zeal, Paternalism And Mandated Reporting, Alexis Anderson, Lynn Barenberg, Paul R. Tremblay

Paul R. Tremblay

In this Article, the authors, two clinical law teachers and a social worker teaching in the clinic, wrestle with some persistent questions that arise in cross-professional, interdisciplinary law practice. In the past decade much writing has praised the benefits of interdisciplinary legal practice, but many sympathetic skeptics have worried about the ethical implications of lawyers working with nonlawyers, such as social workers and mental health professionals. Those worries include the difference in advocacy stances between lawyers and other helping professionals, and the mandated reporting requirements that apply to helping professionals but usually not to lawyers. This Article addresses those concerns …

Toward A Community-Based Ethic For Legal Services Practice, Paul R. Tremblay

Paul R. Tremblay

This Article is concerned with legal services lawyers and how they ethically might allocate their time and resources among their clients. Part I of this Article describes the institutional terrain of legal services practice and introduces the concept of the lawyer as street-level bureaucrat, operating within a complex, high demand human services bureaucracy. Part II discusses the problems inherent in attempts to ration care within a subsidized law practice. The purpose of Part II is to reveal the practice tensions that establishment professional ethics fail to accommodate, and that form an underlying justification for a discussion of triage principles. Part …

Lawyers And Professional Autonomy: Reflections On Corporate Lawyering And The Doctrine Of Informed Consent, Mark Spiegel

Mark Spiegel

No abstract provided.

Zacharias’S Prophecy: The Federalization Of Legal Ethics Through Legislative, Court, And Agency Regulation, Daniel R. Coquillette, Judith A. Mcmorrow

Daniel R. Coquillette

In his 1994 seminal article on Federalizing Legal Ethics, Prof. Fred Zacharias examined the need for a national and uniform code of ethics for attorneys. Prof. Zacharias was correct that there has been increasing pressure to federalize legal ethics, but that process is occurring not through articulation of national norms but rather through decentralized contextualization of attorney conduct norms. Federal agencies that direct securities practice, immigration, tax, patent, labor and many other areas of federal practice are increasingly supplementing state regulations to specifically regulate the attorneys who appear before their agencies. Targeted substantive federal law and treaty obligations also increasingly …

Toward An Ecclesiastical Professional Ethic: Lessons From The Legal Profession, Daniel R. Coquillette, Judith A. Mcmorrow

Daniel R. Coquillette

As the Catholic Church struggles with the aftermath of the clergy sexual abuse crisis, some have explored the possibility of an ecclesiastical code of professional conduct. Lawyers' long and storied history with professional codes offers a cautionary tale to those exploring an ecclesiastical code of ethics. As priests to our secular religion of law, lawyers are called forth and mandated by a competent authority to function in a defined role, the specifics of which are reflected, in part, in lawyer codes. As lawyers moved from Canons of Ethics (1908) to a Code of Professional Responsibility (1969) to Rules of Professional …

Hard Lessons: The Role Of Law Schools In Addressing Prosecutorial Misconduct, Lara Bazelon

Lara A. Bazelon

This Article approaches prosecutorial misconduct from a pedagogical perspective by exploring the ways in which law school clinicians can teach their students how to confront the problem proactively and in-the-moment, with an eye toward reducing its rate of occurrence and blunting its corrosive effect. Prosecutorial misconduct is a serious problem that strikes at the heart of a criminal defendant’s constitutional right to a fair trial. More broadly, it has the potential to impact the integrity of the criminal justice system as a whole. Educating law school students in criminal clinics about this issue before they become prosecutors and criminal defense …

On Butlers, Architects, And Lawyers: The Professionalism Of "The Remains Of The Day" And Of "The Fountainhead", Susan Daicoff

Susan Daicoff

Several commentators have explored the relationship of a fictional character of the butler, Stevens, in Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel, The Remains of the Day, to the proper professional role of the lawyer, since the novel was published. The professionalism of Stevens is here compared to that of another fictional character, the architect, Roark, in Ayn Rand’s novel, The Fountainhead, as they might be applied in the legal profession. The relationship of empirical research on lawyers’ values, wellbeing, and decisionmaking preferences to these divergent approaches to professionalism is then explored. A diversity of approaches to professional role is proposed as most appropriate, …

Fred Zacharias And A Lawyer's Attempt To Be Guided By Justice: Flying With Harry Potter And Understanding How Lawyers Can Prosecute The People They Represent, Randy Lee

Randy Lee

No abstract provided.

Chasing The Atticus Code: Preserving Adjudication Integrity In Local Administrative Hearings, Michael N. Widener

Michael N. Widener

There are thousands of local governments in America, with estimates ranging to upwards of 90,000 such jurisdictions. Substantial numbers of attorneys act as hearing officers in those communities in a variety of roles. Some are independent contractors; others volunteer their services. Irrespective of compensation, I argue in this essay that, in a “non-counselor” role, Atticus is essentially ungoverned by codes of attorney professional conduct. Thus, potential for mischief abides, a circumstance worsened by the failure of many communities to impose standards of ethical behavior on these contractors or volunteers. I argue that in many instances the lone governing ethic affecting …

Disapproving Dishonesty: The Florida Supreme Court's Increased Intolerance For Lawyers' Fraud And Misrepresentations In Personal Business, Daniel J. Cohn

Daniel J. Cohn

No abstract provided.

Character Degradation By Depression In The Career Environment And Preventive Measurements For Michigan Lawyers, Taras Zenyuk

Taras Zenyuk

No abstract provided.

Educating Lawyers To Meditate? From Exercises To Epistemology To Ethics: The Contemplative Practice In Law Movement As Legal Education Reform, Rhonda V. Magee

Rhonda V Magee

This Article argues that the contemplative practice in law movement assists in answering the call for reform of legal education and the development of professional identity highlighted by the Carnegie Foundation in its "Education Lawyers" analysis and others, presenting the outlines of the pathway to effective reform so far missing from the mainstream critique. The author argues that the contemplative practices movement does much more than merely specify skills missing from traditional legal education that are crucial to effective and sustainable lawyering, including the capacity for self-reflection, emotional intelligence, and moral discernment. Going further, it suggests a new approach to …

Book Review Of Daniel Markovits' A Modern Legal Ethics, Dorothy M. Hong

Dorothy M Hong

Modern Legal Ethics demands lawyerly virtue of fidelity to limit liability and avoid cost by lawyer's occupying a role with skill and expertise for each client for each case each time embracing cosmopolitanism and realist approach to lawyering to describe understanding of human condition that would tend to favor client without portraying an understandable scenario that would seem appropriate for his audience betraying nastalgia.

Legal Professionalism: Utilizing Poverty Law’S Theory Of Client Empowerment For Elderly Clients With Diminished Capacity, Lauren E. Palmer

Lauren E Palmer

Legal Professionalism: Utilizing Poverty Law’s Theory of Client Empowerment for Elderly Clients with Diminished Capacity

Author: Lauren E. Palmer (J.D. Candidate 2011, Albany Law School)

Research shows that the elderly community in the United States is growing fast. In fact, people are living longer and requiring more diversified services as they age. As many are well aware, one problem that comes with advanced aging is the diminishment of cognitive ability.

This article will address several ethical questions that arise when attorneys attempt to balance their own interests with the interests of clients with diminished capacity. By using the theory of …

Peer Editing: A Comprehensive Pedagogical Approach To Maximize Assessment Opportunities, Integrate Collaborative Learning, And Achieve Desired Outcomes, Cassandra Hill

Cassandra L. Hill

This Article examines an underused teaching strategy—collaborative peer editing—through the lens of student learning outcomes and assessment measures. The American Bar Association (“ABA”) recently proposed sweeping changes to law school accreditation standards that focus less on input measures, such as the school’s facility, faculty size and budget, and more on output measures, such as the school’s bar passage and employment rates. This shift will require law schools—and law professors—to articulate student learning goals and assess their achievement. To do so, law professors must find efficient techniques to assess students’ performance. Peer editing presents such an opportunity.

This Article shows how …

Teaching The Ethical Values Governing Mediator Impartiality Using Short Lectures, Buzz Group Discussions, Video Clips, A Defining Features Matrix, Games, And An Exercise Based On Grievances Filed Against Florida Mediators, Paula M. Young Prof.

Paula Marie Young Prof.

Teaching Professional Ethics To Lawyers And Mediators Using Active Learning Techniques, Paula M. Young

Paula Marie Young Prof.

Public Funding Of Judicial Campaigns: The North Carolina Experience, Paul D. Carrington

Paul D. Carrington

This addresses the constitutional crises created in numerous states by Supreme Court decisions bearing on campaign finance and professional ethics of judges. North Carolina was the first state to employ public financing of judicial campaigns. This is an account of how that came to be and an evaluation of the North Carolina experience that may be especially instructive to those states that have recently enacted similar laws, most recently Wisconsin and West Virginia.

Presidential Ambitions Of U.S. Supreme Court Justices: A History And An Ethical Warning, William G. Ross

William G. Ross

A remarkably large number of U.S. Supreme Court justices have had presidential aspirations while serving on the Court. Several have conducted covert presidential campaigns, and a few nineteenth century justices even campaigned openly from the bench. In at least three quarters of the elections between 1832 and 1956, one or more justices attempted to obtain a presidential or vice presidential nomination or were prominently mentioned as possible candidates. During the past half century, no Supreme Court justice appears to have entertained serious presidential ambitions, probably because no justice who has been appointed during the past fifty years has held any …

Portraits Of Resistance: Lawyer Responses To Unjust Proceedings, Alexandra Lahav

Alexandra D. Lahav

This Article considers a question rarely addressed: what is the role of the lawyer in a manifestly unjust procedural regime? Many excellent studies have considered the role of the judge in unjust regimes, but the lawyer’s role has been largely ignored. This Article draws on two case studies: that of lawyers representing civil rights leaders during protests in Birmingham, Alabama in 1963 and that of lawyers representing detainees facing military commission proceedings in Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. These portraits illuminate the role of the lawyer in a procedurally unjust tribunal operating within a larger liberal legal regime such as our own. …

The Context Of Ideology: Law, Politics, And Empirical Legal Scholarship, Carolyn Shapiro

Carolyn Shapiro

No abstract provided.

Pro-Prosecution Judges: "Tough On Crime," Soft On Strategy, Ripe For Disqualification, Keith Swisher

Keith Swisher

In this Article, I take the most extensive look to date at pro-prosecution judges and ultimately advance the following, slightly scandalous claim: Particularly in our post-Caperton, political-realist world, “tough on crime” elective judges should recuse themselves from all criminal cases. The contextual parts to this claim are, in the main, a threefold description: (i) the "groundbreaking" Caperton v. A.T. Massey Coal decision, its predecessors, and its progeny; (ii) the judicial ethics of disqualification; and (iii) empirical and anecdotal evidence of pro-prosecution (commonly called "tough on crime") campaigns and attendant electoral pressures. Building on this description and the work of empiricists, …

Upjohn Warnings, The Attorney-Client Privilege, And Principles Of Lawyer Ethics: Achieving Harmony, Grace M. Giesel

Grace M. Giesel

Individuals who are related to an entity such as a corporation sometimes claim that when they communicated with the entity lawyer, they honestly and reasonably believed that the lawyer represented them. Thus, they claim that the attorney-client privilege applies and protects their statements from disclosure even when the entity has waived its privilege with regard to the communications. Many courts have given privilege claims by entity individuals harsh treatment. These courts, in the interest of protecting the entity, have required individuals to make proofs beyond that required by the traditional definition of the attorney-client privilege. In addition, these courts have …

Prosecuting Doctors For Trusting Patients, Deborah Hellman

Deborah Hellman

In an escalating phase of our country’s war on drugs, doctors treating patients in pain are being prosecuted for drug trafficking under the Controlled Substances Act. While doctors surely can be guilty of drug trafficking when they sell drugs for money, lately some doctors have been prosecuted for violations of a statute that requires knowingly distributing or dispensing controlled substances in an unauthorized manner for simply being willfully blind to the fact that their patients were reselling the drugs. While willful blindness may be an apt substitute for knowledge in the traditional drug courier scenario, doctors in these cases are …

Betraying Truth: The Abuse Of Journalistic Ethics In Middle East Reporting, Kenneth Lasson

Kenneth Lasson

In a world at once increasingly chaotic and historically interconnected, the news media have come to play unprecedented roles both in the virtually instantaneous recording of fast-moving events and in influencing the occurrence and evolution of those events themselves. The media, of course, are not beyond reproach. Freedom of the press does not mean immunity from criticism. Reputable journalists abide by standards which, though largely self-imposed, are presumed to be honestly applied. When these principles are abrogated, violators should be taken to task. Nowhere has this responsibility been more tested than in the Middle East, where for over a half-century …

The Economics Of The Attorney-Client Privilege: A Comprehensive Review And A New Justification, Keith A. Kendall

Keith A Kendall

The attorney-client privilege is one of the fundamental aspects of legal professional practice in the United States. Despite this central importance, there have been many calls over the centuries for the privilege’s abolition. A relatively recent trend is for such criticisms to be based on an economic analysis of the privilege’s mechanics, including incentives for rent seeking behavior, signaling problems faced by clients and incentives to overinvest in litigation. Responses to these criticisms that also utlize economic reasoning center on the economics of information production, recognizing that the privilege serves a useful function, notwithstanding the critiques. In addition to these …

Judging By Appearances: Professional Ethics, Expressive Government, And The Moral Significance Of How Things Seem, Deborah Hellman

Deborah Hellman

No abstract provided.