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Articles 31 - 60 of 337
Full-Text Articles in Law
Educational Malpractice: A Tort En Ventre, Frank D. Aquila
Educational Malpractice: A Tort En Ventre, Frank D. Aquila
Cleveland State Law Review
This article explores the policy reasons which courts have adopted to deny a private cause of action holding educators legally liable for deficiencies in a student's education. The introductory section provides the background on the basic issue of malpractice in education. Section two examines educational malpractice case law focusing first on cases involving negligence in basic academic skill instruction, then looking at negligence in special education. Section three explores the various duty of care arguments while section four discusses three alternate theories for recovery. Section five analyzes the policy reasons for denial of the tort of educational malpractice. New directions …
Section 1983 And The Parratt Doctrine After Zinermon V. Burch: Ensuring Due Process Rights Or Turning The Fourteenth Amendment Into A Font Of Tort Law, Paul F. Wingenfeld
Section 1983 And The Parratt Doctrine After Zinermon V. Burch: Ensuring Due Process Rights Or Turning The Fourteenth Amendment Into A Font Of Tort Law, Paul F. Wingenfeld
Cleveland State Law Review
Over the last thirty years, the Court has decided a number of cases which illustrate an on-going struggle to find the proper place for section 1983 in the federal court system and, consequently, what ultimately qualifies as adequate procedural due process within the context of the statute. This note will examine the history of Court decisions involving section 1983 in order to provide the proper background for examining the Court's most recent decision in Zinermon v. Burch, a case which itself has added to an already confusing field of legal study. Within this historical background, however, the Court has actually …
Educational Malpractice: A Tort En Ventre, Frank D. Aquila
Educational Malpractice: A Tort En Ventre, Frank D. Aquila
Cleveland State Law Review
This article explores the policy reasons which courts have adopted to deny a private cause of action holding educators legally liable for deficiencies in a student's education. The introductory section provides the background on the basic issue of malpractice in education. Section two examines educational malpractice case law focusing first on cases involving negligence in basic academic skill instruction, then looking at negligence in special education. Section three explores the various duty of care arguments while section four discusses three alternate theories for recovery. Section five analyzes the policy reasons for denial of the tort of educational malpractice. New directions …
From Hannola To Albain: The Rise And Fall Of Ohio's Hospital Agency By Estoppel Doctrine, David J. Wigham
From Hannola To Albain: The Rise And Fall Of Ohio's Hospital Agency By Estoppel Doctrine, David J. Wigham
Cleveland State Law Review
The role of the hospital in the field of medicine has evolved significantly in recent decades. Now hospitals privately distance themselves as far as possible from the acts of the negligent physician. Courts have intervened in recent years and expanded the scope of vicarious hospital liability. This Note will begin with a brief history of vicarious hospital liability. Next, it will examine the elements of two doctrines which are being used to impute such liability to hospitals - agency by estoppel and ostensible agency - and determine how each has been applied by courts across the nation to the hospital …
The Indeterminate Defendant In Products Liability Litigation And A Suggested Approach For Ohio, Rebecca J. Greenberg
The Indeterminate Defendant In Products Liability Litigation And A Suggested Approach For Ohio, Rebecca J. Greenberg
Cleveland State Law Review
The problems created by mass marketing, unequal bargaining power, and hidden product hazards have necessitated major changes in products liability law during the past thirty years. Correspondingly, considerations of cost reduction, injury avoidance, and fair risk distribution are generally advanced as the policies behind the widespread acceptance gained by strict liability in the 1960's. A decade later, these considerations were applied to the problem of proof of causation faced by plaintiffs who could not identify the specific defendant who caused their injuries. A limited version of this problem had been considered earlier in the seminal case of Summers v. Tice, …
Educational Malpractice: A Tort Is Born, Johnny C. Parker
Educational Malpractice: A Tort Is Born, Johnny C. Parker
Cleveland State Law Review
This article examines the judicial justification for the nonrecognition of educational malpractice as a theory of tort liability. Section I focuses on the various factual contexts in which educational malpractice claims have arisen and analyzes the concept of duty and proximate cause in the different factual contexts. Section II discusses the common law principles which demonstrate that the analytical problems associated with educational malpractice are not new to the law. Section III examines public policy as a distinct component of the duty-proximate cause inquiry. Section IV also focuses on public policy as expressed by various state legislatures regarding the teaching …
Section 1983 And The Parratt Doctrine After Zinermon V. Burch: Ensuring Due Process Rights Or Turning The Fourteenth Amendment Into A Font Of Tort Law, Paul F. Wingenfeld
Section 1983 And The Parratt Doctrine After Zinermon V. Burch: Ensuring Due Process Rights Or Turning The Fourteenth Amendment Into A Font Of Tort Law, Paul F. Wingenfeld
Cleveland State Law Review
Over the last thirty years, the Court has decided a number of cases which illustrate an on-going struggle to find the proper place for section 1983 in the federal court system and, consequently, what ultimately qualifies as adequate procedural due process within the context of the statute. This note will examine the history of Court decisions involving section 1983 in order to provide the proper background for examining the Court's most recent decision in Zinermon v. Burch, a case which itself has added to an already confusing field of legal study. Within this historical background, however, the Court has actually …
At What Cost Will The Court Impose A Duty To Preserve The Life A Child, David S. Lockemeyer
At What Cost Will The Court Impose A Duty To Preserve The Life A Child, David S. Lockemeyer
Cleveland State Law Review
The purpose of this Note is to explore the issues surrounding parental consent for a surgical invasion of one child to save the life of a sibling. This Note focuses on the courts role in permitting organ transplantation. In addition, it will discuss the new developments in medical science regarding living donors and the concept of transplantation of regenerative organs and the possible impact on the court. Next, this Note analyzes the elements of duty to rescue, best interest and substituted judgment and the court's use of the various tests to justify invasion of a child's body. This Note examines …
Who Decides - Community Safety Conventions At The Heart Of Tort Liability, Patrick J. Kelley
Who Decides - Community Safety Conventions At The Heart Of Tort Liability, Patrick J. Kelley
Cleveland State Law Review
What we need is a uniformly accepted theory that explains the tort liability system in terms of its ultimate social function. The reason we don't have one, I will argue, is that our understanding of the tort liability system has been skewed by an earlier, flawed attempt at descriptive theory. Before embarking on a new search for a descriptive theory, we first ought to formulate a search plan, sometimes called, forbiddingly, a "theoretical methodology." Using John Finnis's social science methodology, we can identify the two halves of the focal case of tort liability: intentional battery and negligent infliction of personal …
Man Bites Dog With Ohio's Vicious Dog Statute, Diane K. Hale
Man Bites Dog With Ohio's Vicious Dog Statute, Diane K. Hale
Cleveland State Law Review
This article discusses Ohio’s vicious dog statute, ORC 955.11, signed into law in July 1987. Section II provides background information on pit bulls and their general reputation in society. Section III explains how dogs and dog ownership were regulated under the old law, and then Section IV delves into how the new law operates to regulate dogs. Section V moves into issues of Constitutionality, and Sections VI and VII discuss alternative options and proposes changes to the new law.
Punishment: The Civil Perspective Of Punitive Damages, Bailey Kuklin
Punishment: The Civil Perspective Of Punitive Damages, Bailey Kuklin
Cleveland State Law Review
Punitive, or exemplary damages, have been recognized in the Anglo-American common law systems for two centuries. This Article explores the consequences of treating punitive damages as a private means of punishment. Light is shed on the controversies surrounding, first, the attempt to adopt a standard of punishment, private or public, and second, to apply such a standard. The concentration on punitive damages for this exploratory undertaking, instead of criminal sanctions, avoids the need to account for additional imputed public penal purposes, such as rehabilitation and isolation. As a preliminary matter, the emphasis of this Article should be made clear. The …
State Of The Art Evidence Under Ohio Strict Products Liability Law, Chris L. Hurlbut
State Of The Art Evidence Under Ohio Strict Products Liability Law, Chris L. Hurlbut
Cleveland State Law Review
While the evolution of strict products liability has not generated as much jurisprudence in Ohio as it has in other states, the Ohio law that has evolved clearly reflects the national confusion. Frequently, the confusion both nationally and in Ohio results from the courts' failure to adequately separate the many issues that arise in a strict products liability action. The purpose of this Note is to focus on one narrow issue in Ohio strict products liability law-the admissibility of state of the art evidence. The Ohio Supreme Court has never addressed this question, and other jurisdictions are split on the …
De-Coupling The Military/Industrial Complex - The Liability Of Weapons Makers For Injuries To Servicemen, Barry Kellman
De-Coupling The Military/Industrial Complex - The Liability Of Weapons Makers For Injuries To Servicemen, Barry Kellman
Cleveland State Law Review
This Article is about the military contractor defense: the legal doctrine which insulates weapons makers from liability to servicemen for injuries caused by defectively designed weapons. Essentially, the military contractor defense shields weapons makers from state product liability law because of fears that operation of that law will cause the judiciary to trespass into the military sphere. This Article suggests that the military contractor defense constitutes a rejection of the judicial role in regulating procurement. This rejection is an unwarranted step in favor of an overgrown military establishment. The theme of this Article is that military policy is something which …
Surrogate Motherhood And Tort Liability: Will The New Reproductive Technologies Give Birth To A New Breed Of Prenatal Tort, Nancy Hansbrough
Surrogate Motherhood And Tort Liability: Will The New Reproductive Technologies Give Birth To A New Breed Of Prenatal Tort, Nancy Hansbrough
Cleveland State Law Review
It seems inevitable that new causes of action will evolve as more childless couples resort to the use of the new reproductive methodologies. The prenatal tort claims abounding in precedent today lay a firm foundation for the recognition of a new form of tort liability. This Note will first examine briefly the history of prenatal torts, and present the status of recovery today. The Note will then examine the history and current status of the doctrine of parent-child immunity in the United States. Concentrating on these two concepts, the nature of a tort claim by an injured child for prenatal …
Loosing The Shackles Of No-Fault In Strict Liability: A Better Approach To Comparative Fault, Nick Satullo
Loosing The Shackles Of No-Fault In Strict Liability: A Better Approach To Comparative Fault, Nick Satullo
Cleveland State Law Review
Products liability law in America has crossed a new threshold. The current trend toward comparative fault in strict products actions moves with such force that it is only a question of time before it assumes majority status. The fundamental question of what comparative fault means to products liability law has yet to be answered. Of the courts that have ruled on comparative fault and strict liability, none have offered elaborate rationales for their position; those in favor maintain that "equity" demands comparative fault, while those against stress that fault and strict liability are incapable of comparison. As this Note shall …
Asbestos: The Private Management Of A Public Problem, Harry H. Wellington
Asbestos: The Private Management Of A Public Problem, Harry H. Wellington
Cleveland State Law Review
Under the existing judicial system in America, asbestos litigation has reached epidemic proportions. It is extravagantly expensive and grotesquely inefficient. Conceivably billions of dollars are at stake in this group effort, and the fair treatment of thousands of very sick people, and thousands more who one day will be ill as a result of asbestos, may turn on the success of this private initiative (the Wellington Group) to design a private agency that will fairly and effectively manage the bulk of asbestos claims and asbestos product liability litigation. Section I provides background information on the asbestos problem: from the material …
The Discovery Rule: Fairness In Toxic Tort Statutes Of Limitations, Bill Shaw, Pat Cihon, Malcolm Myers
The Discovery Rule: Fairness In Toxic Tort Statutes Of Limitations, Bill Shaw, Pat Cihon, Malcolm Myers
Cleveland State Law Review
The costs associated with the disposal of toxic waste can be classified in two ways. The first category is made up of environmental losses such as the contamination of rivers, lakes, and ground water with the resulting destruction of aquatic life, wildlife, and vegetation and includes expenses incurred in cleanup. The second category is comprised of losses sustained by individuals and includes both property damage and physical injury resulting from direct or indirect contact with hazardous wastes. Injured individuals have two options in their pursuit of compensation: statutory and common law. This Article argues that statutory recourse is not only …
Asbestos: The Private Management Of A Public Problem, Harry H. Wellington
Asbestos: The Private Management Of A Public Problem, Harry H. Wellington
Cleveland State Law Review
Under the existing judicial system in America, asbestos litigation has reached epidemic proportions. It is extravagantly expensive and grotesquely inefficient. Conceivably billions of dollars are at stake in this group effort, and the fair treatment of thousands of very sick people, and thousands more who one day will be ill as a result of asbestos, may turn on the success of this private initiative (the Wellington Group) to design a private agency that will fairly and effectively manage the bulk of asbestos claims and asbestos product liability litigation. Section I provides background information on the asbestos problem: from the material …
Asbestos: The Private Management Of A Public Problem, Harry H. Wellington
Asbestos: The Private Management Of A Public Problem, Harry H. Wellington
Cleveland State Law Review
Under the existing judicial system in America, asbestos litigation has reached epidemic proportions. It is extravagantly expensive and grotesquely inefficient. Conceivably billions of dollars are at stake in this group effort, and the fair treatment of thousands of very sick people, and thousands more who one day will be ill as a result of asbestos, may turn on the success of this private initiative (the Wellington Group) to design a private agency that will fairly and effectively manage the bulk of asbestos claims and asbestos product liability litigation. Section I provides background information on the asbestos problem: from the material …
The Discovery Rule: Fairness In Toxic Tort Statutes Of Limitations, Bill Shaw, Pat Cihon, Malcolm Myers
The Discovery Rule: Fairness In Toxic Tort Statutes Of Limitations, Bill Shaw, Pat Cihon, Malcolm Myers
Cleveland State Law Review
The costs associated with the disposal of toxic waste can be classified in two ways. The first category is made up of environmental losses such as the contamination of rivers, lakes, and ground water with the resulting destruction of aquatic life, wildlife, and vegetation and includes expenses incurred in cleanup. The second category is comprised of losses sustained by individuals and includes both property damage and physical injury resulting from direct or indirect contact with hazardous wastes. Injured individuals have two options in their pursuit of compensation: statutory and common law. This Article argues that statutory recourse is not only …
The Duty To Warn In Toxic Tort Litigation, Robert C. Maynard, George S. Crisci
The Duty To Warn In Toxic Tort Litigation, Robert C. Maynard, George S. Crisci
Cleveland State Law Review
Subsequent to the landmark case of Greenman v. Yuba Power Products, Inc., the American judicial system has become encumbered by a staggering number of products liability actions. A significant number of these cases involve allegations of inadequate or nonexistent warnings. Given society's increasing reliance on chemical products, the potential for additional claims from accidental exposure to or improper use of toxic chemicals in the home, the workplace, and the environment is immense, notwithstanding the best efforts of the chemical industry to minimize the risk of injury. The result is a huge cost to manufacturers -both from paying damage claims and …
The Rise And Fall Of Sovereign Immunity In Ohio, Frank D. Celebrezze, Karen B. Hull
The Rise And Fall Of Sovereign Immunity In Ohio, Frank D. Celebrezze, Karen B. Hull
Cleveland State Law Review
The doctrine of sovereign immunity for municipal corporations has long reigned in Ohio. Although the judiciary and the General Assembly have imposed limitations, the doctrine has survived as a principle of Ohio law for over 140 years. However, the Supreme Court of Ohio reversed the trend and abrogated the doctrine in a series of cases in December 1982 and in the spring of the 1983 term. This comment examines the historical development of sovereign immunity for tort claims in Ohio, the limitations subsequently imposed on the immunity and its abrogation in those recent supreme court cases.
Garland V. Herrin: Surviving Parents' Remedies For A Child's Wrongful Death - The Pecuniary-Loss Rule And Reckless Infliction Of Emotional Distress, Kathleen Keogh Miller
Garland V. Herrin: Surviving Parents' Remedies For A Child's Wrongful Death - The Pecuniary-Loss Rule And Reckless Infliction Of Emotional Distress, Kathleen Keogh Miller
Cleveland State Law Review
The parents of Bonnie Garland are only two of the innumerable third-party victims who have suffered from the wrongful death of a child. Because the "emotional distress" suffered by the Garlands was comprised of so many elements, the wrongful death of their child provides a framework for analyzing all the harms engendered within the term "emotional distress" and the availability of civil remedies for each of those "separable" harms. The tragedy of the Garlands will be used as a vehicle to assess the success of legislatures and courts in enacting and interpreting wrongful death statutes. The important question becomes whether …
Cancer And Toxic Substances: The Problem Of Causation And The Use Of Epidemiology, Junius C. Mcelveen Jr., Pamela S. Eddy
Cancer And Toxic Substances: The Problem Of Causation And The Use Of Epidemiology, Junius C. Mcelveen Jr., Pamela S. Eddy
Cleveland State Law Review
This article seeks to illuminate the difficulties in finding causation between cancer development and toxic substances. Section II gives a brief history of cancer in society as well as an introduction to the biological cancer mechanism, and highlights our general lack of knowledge about cancer. Section III takes a brief look at some occupations and environmental factors that have been suggested causes of cancer. Section IV discusses in depth the problems with establishing association between toxic substances and cancer, especially in establishing causal significance. Section V analyzes how the epidemiology of disease and toxic substances is treated by courts. Section …
The Need For Workers' Compensation Reform In Ohio's Definition Of Injury: Szymanski V. Halle's Department Store, Ellen L. Knight
The Need For Workers' Compensation Reform In Ohio's Definition Of Injury: Szymanski V. Halle's Department Store, Ellen L. Knight
Cleveland State Law Review
This Note begins with a background of Ohio Supreme Court limitations on the General Assembly's definition of injury in workers' compensation law. Part IV(C) of this Note will analyze other jurisdiction's approaches to the compensability of physical injury caused by mental stimulus and will discuss other aspects and refinements of personal injury in the course of employment. It is proposed that there is a need for reform in Ohio's construction of "any injury"'-one that will embrace the nationwide trends of "uniformly" compensating workers for both physical and mental injury caused by mental stimulus. Ohio currently excludes both types of injuries. …
What You Don't Know Will Hurt You: Physicians' Duty To Warn Patients About Newly Discovered Dangers In Previously Initiated Treatment, Barbara Eileen Calfee
What You Don't Know Will Hurt You: Physicians' Duty To Warn Patients About Newly Discovered Dangers In Previously Initiated Treatment, Barbara Eileen Calfee
Cleveland State Law Review
This Note will explore the newly recognized duty to warn a patient when the health care provider subsequently learns that previous non-negligent treatment is or may be harmful to him. The Note begins by discussing the need for a duty to follow up on medical treatment. The proposed duty is analogized to existing forms of liability involving obligations to inform, to correct and to continue acting within a special relationship. The Note then outlines the prima facie case for, and defenses to, an action for breach of the proposed duty to follow up. It then considers objections that may be …
The Professional Bondsman: A State Action Analysis, Jim Michael Hansen
The Professional Bondsman: A State Action Analysis, Jim Michael Hansen
Cleveland State Law Review
Principals who have been subjected to illegal or excessive arrest procedures by the bondsman have secured only minimal redress in state judicial forums upon initiating tort actions founded upon false imprisonment, trespass and assault and battery. This Article will explore how an abused principal can attempt to secure legal redress in the federal forum, utilizing 42 U.S.C. § 1983.
Alienation Of Affection And Defamation: Similar Interests - Dissimilar Treatment, Richard G. Zeiger
Alienation Of Affection And Defamation: Similar Interests - Dissimilar Treatment, Richard G. Zeiger
Cleveland State Law Review
This Note will discuss the historical development of the actions of alienation of affection and defamation of character in an effort to determine why they have been accorded dissimilar treatment, and whether such treatment is justified. Consideration will be given to the individual and societal interests which each action serves. The effect of changing social policies on these actions throughout history will be examined. Finally, suggestions will be made concerning the future treatment of the alienation of affection action.
Judicial Recognition Of Hospital Independent Duty Of Care To Patients: Hannola V. City Of Lakewood, David A. Beal
Judicial Recognition Of Hospital Independent Duty Of Care To Patients: Hannola V. City Of Lakewood, David A. Beal
Cleveland State Law Review
This Note will examine the court's rationale in Hannola v City of Lakewood and the previous leading Ohio case on emergency room care, Cooper v. Sisters of Charity. This Note will similarly examine "control" tests of employment, the concept of apparent authority and the series of cases on independent duty of care which have been decided in the eleven years between Cooper and Hannola. It is the conclusion of this Note that the Hannola decision is more consistent with the realities of employment and service in the health care industry, and that the public policy arguments presented by the court …
The Proposed Product Liability Statute In Ohio - Its Purpose And Probable Results, George D. Roscoe
The Proposed Product Liability Statute In Ohio - Its Purpose And Probable Results, George D. Roscoe
Cleveland State Law Review
This note will deal with the effects of proposed Senate Bill No. 67 on product liability law as it is now practiced in Ohio, including:1) The types of claims the proposed legislation would preclude due to a time lag between the date of purchase and the date of injury; 2) the effects this proposed legislation would have upon lawsuits whose out-comes depend upon technical applications of the various statutes of limitations now in effect, which depend on whether the claim is based on written or oral contract, tort, implied or express warranty, or professional malpractice; 3) the legislation's consideration of …