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Articles 1 - 20 of 20
Full-Text Articles in Law
Toward A National Research Agenda On Violence Against Women: Continuing The Dialogue On Research And Practice [Part Two], Carol E. Jordan
Toward A National Research Agenda On Violence Against Women: Continuing The Dialogue On Research And Practice [Part Two], Carol E. Jordan
Office for Policy Studies on Violence Against Women Publications
No abstract provided.
Intimate Partner Violence And The Justice System: An Examination Of The Interface, Carol E. Jordan
Intimate Partner Violence And The Justice System: An Examination Of The Interface, Carol E. Jordan
Office for Policy Studies on Violence Against Women Publications
Women entering the court system face a challenging experience, in part, because a courtroom can be an intimidating and difficult place for any person, and in part because women victimized by crimes in which the offender is known to them face distinctive difficulties when they seek the court’s remedies. The interface is also made more challenging for women as the literature offers disparate findings as to the efficacy of criminal justice responses and civil remedies. This article briefly explores the unique characteristics of intimate partner violence cases that influence the interface of these victims with the court system.Areviewis provided of …
Toward A National Research Agenda On Violence Against Women: Continuing The Dialogue On Research And Practice [Part One], Carol E. Jordan
Toward A National Research Agenda On Violence Against Women: Continuing The Dialogue On Research And Practice [Part One], Carol E. Jordan
Office for Policy Studies on Violence Against Women Publications
No abstract provided.
Broken Scales: Obesity And Justice In America, Adam Benforado, Jon Hanson, David Yosifon
Broken Scales: Obesity And Justice In America, Adam Benforado, Jon Hanson, David Yosifon
Faculty Publications
This Article is not so much about the scales we use to measure weight, but the scales we use to infer causation and assign responsibility-including the scales of justice. Ultimately, the problem we face is not obesity itself. Obesity is only a symptom of the problem. When scientists and public health experts point to various environmental agents-whether larger portion sizes, corn subsidies, video games, or urban sprawl-they, too, overlook the deeper source of our troubles. Our real problem is that we have an extremely difficult time seeing and understanding the role of unseen features in our environment and within us …
7. The Supreme Court And Reluctant Witnesses: Crawford V. Washington., Thomas D. Lyon
7. The Supreme Court And Reluctant Witnesses: Crawford V. Washington., Thomas D. Lyon
Thomas D. Lyon
The Personality Of U.S. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas, Aubrey Immelman, Jamie Thielman
The Personality Of U.S. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas, Aubrey Immelman, Jamie Thielman
Psychology Faculty Publications
This paper presents the results of an indirect assessment of the personality of U.S. Supreme Court associate justice Clarence Thomas, from the conceptual perspective of Theodore Millon.
Information concerning Justice Thomas was collected from biographical sources, speeches, and published reports and synthesized into a personality profile using the second edition of the Millon Inventory of Diagnostic Criteria (MIDC), which yields 34 normal and maladaptive personality classifications congruent with Axis II of DSM-IV.
The personality profile yielded by the MIDC was analyzed on the basis of interpretive guidelines provided in the MIDC and Millon Index of Personality Styles manuals. Justice …
Plea Bargaining Outside The Shadow Of Trial, Stephanos Bibas
Plea Bargaining Outside The Shadow Of Trial, Stephanos Bibas
All Faculty Scholarship
Plea-bargaining literature predicts that parties strike plea bargains in the shadow of expected trial outcomes. In other words, parties forecast the expected sentence after trial, discount it by the probability of acquittal, and offer some proportional discount. This oversimplified model ignores how structural distortions skew bargaining outcomes. Agency costs; attorney competence, compensation, and workloads; resources; sentencing and bail rules; and information deficits all skew bargaining. In addition, psychological biases and heuristics warp judgments: overconfidence, denial, discounting, risk preferences, loss aversion, framing, and anchoring all affect bargaining decisions. Skilled lawyers can partly counteract some of these problems but sometimes overcompensate. The …
Does Criminal Law Deter? A Behavioral Science Investigation, Paul H. Robinson
Does Criminal Law Deter? A Behavioral Science Investigation, Paul H. Robinson
All Faculty Scholarship
Having a criminal justice system that imposes sanctions no doubt does deter criminal conduct. But available social science research suggests that manipulating criminal law rules within that system to achieve heightened deterrence effects generally will be ineffective. Potential offenders often do not know of the legal rules. Even if they do, they frequently are unable to bring this knowledge to bear in guiding their conduct, due to a variety of situational, social, or chemical factors. Even if they can, a rational analysis commonly puts the perceived benefits of crime greater than its perceived costs, due to a variety of criminal …
Casting Health Messages In Terms Of Responsibility For Dietary Change: Increasing Fruit And Vegetable Consumption, Pamela Williams-Piehota, Ashley R. Cox, Stephanie A. Navarro Silvera, Linda Z. Mowad, Sharon Garcia, Nicole A. Katulak, Peter Salovey
Casting Health Messages In Terms Of Responsibility For Dietary Change: Increasing Fruit And Vegetable Consumption, Pamela Williams-Piehota, Ashley R. Cox, Stephanie A. Navarro Silvera, Linda Z. Mowad, Sharon Garcia, Nicole A. Katulak, Peter Salovey
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
Objective
To compare the effectiveness of messages emphasizing the importance of either personal or social responsibility for dietary behavior change in increasing fruit and vegetable intake.
Design/Setting
Randomly assigned individually or socially oriented messages were delivered at baseline, 1 week, and 2 and 3 months later. Telephone surveys were conducted at baseline and 1 and 4 months later.
Participants
528 callers to a cancer information hotline who were not meeting the “5 A Day” dietary recommendation.
Interventions
A brief telephone-delivered message and 3 mailings of pamphlets and promotional items encouraging fruit and vegetable intake that emphasized either personal or social …
Cognitive Ability Testing And Selection: A Review Of Court Decisions Since 1991, Leslie Pedigo
Cognitive Ability Testing And Selection: A Review Of Court Decisions Since 1991, Leslie Pedigo
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Cognitive ability testing is utilized by many organizations in the selection process. Historically, cognitive ability testing has resulted in group differences in scores, particularly between Caucasians and African-Americans. Such group differences can result in adverse impact. This impact can lead to legal ramifications for the organization utilizing the cognitive ability test. The present study examined ten factors to determine their relationship to the findings of the courts in cases involving cognitive ability tests. The factors examined were gender of the plaintiff, reason for the lawsuit, workplace setting, group or individual plaintiffs, standardadized versus unstandardized tests, validation of the tests, development …
Biotechnology And The Law: A Consideration Of Intellectual Property Rights And Related Social Issues, Michael D. Mehta
Biotechnology And The Law: A Consideration Of Intellectual Property Rights And Related Social Issues, Michael D. Mehta
The University of New Hampshire Law Review
[Excerpt] “Recent advances in biotechnology are expected by many to improve crop yield, reduce reliance on agricultural inputs like pesticides and herbicides, alleviate world hunger, improve the safety and effectiveness of pharmaceuticals, assist in the discovery of genes that trigger diseases like cancer, and make more efficient our legal institutions through DNA testing. Clearly, innovations in biotechnology are a powerful force for social change, and they pose unique challenges and opportunities for legal scholars and institutions. This section of the Pierce Law Review focuses on the interface between law and technology by examining how innovations in biotechnology accelerate debates about …
The Relationship Between Juvenile Delinquency And Family Unit Structure, Angela D. Mullens
The Relationship Between Juvenile Delinquency And Family Unit Structure, Angela D. Mullens
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parental absence and juvenile delinquency and to determine if a link exists between the two variables. Data was collected from male juveniles who were alleged to have committed status or delinquent offenses between 1996 and 2004. Each offense was categorized according to the family unit (e.g., intact, father only, mother only, etc.), offense type (e.g., underage consumption, petit larceny, breaking and entering, etc.), offense level (e.g., status misdemeanor, and felony), the victim (e.g., crimes against the person, crimes against property, etc.) and the juvenile’s age at the time the …
The Virtues Of Uncertainty In Law: An Experimental Approach, Tom Baker, Alon Harel, Tamar Kugler
The Virtues Of Uncertainty In Law: An Experimental Approach, Tom Baker, Alon Harel, Tamar Kugler
All Faculty Scholarship
Predictability in civil and criminal sanctions is generally understood as desirable. Conversely, unpredictability is condemned as a violation of the rule of law. This paper explores predictability in sanctioning from the point of view of efficiency. It is argued that, given a constant expected sanction, deterrence is increased when either the size of the sanction or the probability that it will be imposed is uncertain. This conclusion follows from earlier findings in behavioral decision research and the results of an experiment conducted specifically to examine this hypothesis. The findings suggest that, within an efficiency framework, there are virtues to uncertainty …
The Psychology Of Hindsight And After-The-Fact Review Of Ineffective Assistance Of Counsel, Stephanos Bibas
The Psychology Of Hindsight And After-The-Fact Review Of Ineffective Assistance Of Counsel, Stephanos Bibas
All Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Generalizing Disability, Michael Ashley Stein
Generalizing Disability, Michael Ashley Stein
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
An Exploration Of The Impact Of The Family Court Process On 'Invisible' Stepparents, Natalie Gately
An Exploration Of The Impact Of The Family Court Process On 'Invisible' Stepparents, Natalie Gately
Theses : Honours
The increase of divorce in Australia is creating a social phenomenon for family researchers. Many families resolve disputes regarding children in the Family Courts, however due to the protracted litigation process many partners will have repartnered. Little is understood about how bureaucratic systems impact upon the experience of stepparents. These decisions might very well impact on the stepparents own new lifestyle and relationship, placing an additional burden on themselves and the stepfamily. The purpose of this review is to explore the literature pertaining to the issues surrounding repartnering and the Family Court process in order to illustrate how this invisibility …
Mental Disorder Labelling As An Extralegal Variable In Mock Jury Deliberations, Kristin B. Wallengren
Mental Disorder Labelling As An Extralegal Variable In Mock Jury Deliberations, Kristin B. Wallengren
Theses: Doctorates and Masters
Previous research has shown that a number of characteristics of trial participants (extralegal variables) can and do influence juror’s judgements. This is of importance as only the legally relevant facts of the case should be considered during a trial. The present study investigates the influence of victim characteristics on the juror decision making process during deliberation and the judgements made about the victim, crime and defendant in a mock jury setting, as well as investigating mock juror gender differences. A representative sample of people eligible for jury duty in Western Australia viewed a video vignette depicting a trial, in which …
Mock Jurors' Judgements Of The Victim, Crime And Defendant As A Function Of Victim Race And Deliberation, Lynley V. Poli
Mock Jurors' Judgements Of The Victim, Crime And Defendant As A Function Of Victim Race And Deliberation, Lynley V. Poli
Theses: Doctorates and Masters
Extra-legal variables are factors within a trial that are logically irrelevant to the determination of a verdict. They are deemed extra-legal they are extra to the law and are not prescribed in the relevant statutes upon which the relevant issue must be decided. Research investigating judicial decision-making, however, demonstrates that extra-legal variables often affect jurors' judgements and improperly influence their decision-making. Examples of extra-legal variables include the personal attributes of trial participants, e.g., the victim's physical attractiveness, socio-economic status, and age. Studies conducted in North America indicate that the race of the victim and defendant inappropriately influences jurors' decision-making. However, …
6. Educating The Public Through The Michael Jackson Case., Thomas D. Lyon
6. Educating The Public Through The Michael Jackson Case., Thomas D. Lyon
Thomas D. Lyon
The Ethical Dilemmas Of Communicating A University's Job Placement Rate: Legal Obligation Or Moral Responsibility, Oscar T. Mcknight, Ronald Paugh, Karen Hagans
The Ethical Dilemmas Of Communicating A University's Job Placement Rate: Legal Obligation Or Moral Responsibility, Oscar T. Mcknight, Ronald Paugh, Karen Hagans
Oscar T McKnight Ph.D.
The purpose of this research is to investigate one area of ethical concern in higher education, specifically the reporting of job placement rates. The research discovered such dramatic variations in the way job placement rates were calculated and reported that job placement data become suspect. The ethical concerns of reporting job placement data are discussed in relationship to institutional policies and practices and student expectations