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Articles 12211 - 12240 of 14181

Full-Text Articles in Law

Perspectives On Human Nature And Their Implications For Business Organizations, Lewis D. Solomon Jan 1996

Perspectives On Human Nature And Their Implications For Business Organizations, Lewis D. Solomon

Fordham Urban Law Journal

Employing psychological principles to reform the structure and agendas of business organizations increases employee fulfillment. This Essay proposes changes in corporate structure in order to nurture employee's mental health in a way that also benefits companies by resulting in greater employee productivity. This Essay argues that the decentralization of business organizations and greater employee involvement in decision-making will improve both quality of life and the environment.

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An Executive's Lesson In The Law From A Typical Business Encounter, Harold A. Segall Jan 1996

An Executive's Lesson In The Law From A Typical Business Encounter, Harold A. Segall

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This Article recommends that business executives consider potential legal problems when entering into business transactions. It argues that the American civil legal system is unsatisfactorily costly, slow and risky. The Article provides examples of the perils of litigation and explains that business executives can avoid these perils by anticipating potential legal problems. The Article argues that the successful business executive must find a way to balance an optimistic, entrepreneurial spirit with a lawyerlike way of considering potential future problems. Similarly, the proper role of a commercial lawyer is to provide judgment and practical advice, as well as legal expertise.

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What If? The Legal Consequences Of Marriage And The Legal Needs Of Lesbian And Gay Male Couples, David L. Chambers Jan 1996

What If? The Legal Consequences Of Marriage And The Legal Needs Of Lesbian And Gay Male Couples, David L. Chambers

Articles

Laws that treat married persons in a different manner than they treat single persons permeate nearly every field of social regulation in this country - taxation, torts, evidence, social welfare, inheritance, adoption, and on and on. In this article I inquire into the patterns these laws form and the central benefits and obligations that marriage entails, a task few scholars have undertaken in recent years. I have done so because same-sex couples, a large group not previously eligible to marry under the laws of any American jurisdiction, may be on the brink of securing the opportunity to do so in …

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The Rhythms Of Hope And Disappointment In The Language Of Judging (St. John's University School Of Law: Rededication Symposia), James Boyd White Jan 1996

The Rhythms Of Hope And Disappointment In The Language Of Judging (St. John's University School Of Law: Rededication Symposia), James Boyd White

Articles

I want to talk today about a certain aspect or dimension of the language of judging. From one point of view the quality I mean can be seen as a kind of idealism inherent in legal lan­guage; from another, as a kind of fundamental hypocrisy; from still another, as a simultaneously tragic and comic element in le­gal life.

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Gatekeeping In Texas: The Practical Impact Of Full Implementation Of The Texas Rules Of Civil Evidence Regarding Experts., Suzanne B. Baker Jan 1996

Gatekeeping In Texas: The Practical Impact Of Full Implementation Of The Texas Rules Of Civil Evidence Regarding Experts., Suzanne B. Baker

St. Mary's Law Journal

Abstract Forthcoming.

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Free Trade Agreements And The Federal Courts: Emerging Issues., Robert P. Deyling Jan 1996

Free Trade Agreements And The Federal Courts: Emerging Issues., Robert P. Deyling

St. Mary's Law Journal

The United States and Canada, and more recently Mexico, have tried to resolve certain types of international trade disputes through a unique process. Under the United States-Canada Free Trade Agreement (CFTA) and its successor, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), disputing parties may choose binational panels to review disputes over antidumping and countervailing duty determinations. Binational panel review entirely replaces national judicial review for each case in which the parties choose the panel process. Panels are convened on a case-by-case basis from a list of trade experts submitted by disputing countries. Panels must follow relevant national trade law in …

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Adarand Constructors, Inc. V. Pena: The Lochnerization Of Affirmative Action Recent Development., Patricia A. Carlson Jan 1996

Adarand Constructors, Inc. V. Pena: The Lochnerization Of Affirmative Action Recent Development., Patricia A. Carlson

St. Mary's Law Journal

The Supreme Court’s decision in Adarand will lead to the invalidation of many federal programs because the decision requires strict scrutiny for all affirmative action programs, including federal programs. The Court ignores both constitutional strictures and American history by resorting to Lochner era rulings of striking down federal socio-economic regulations. Overturning the clear precedent of Fullilove undermines stare decisis by valuing the language of the Court’s decision over its meaning.   The Court in Adarand presumes that the Constitution is color-blind. This presumption ignores the history leading up to the Reconstruction Amendments, the purpose of the Reconstruction Amendments, and the intentions …

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Nafta And The Environment: A Proposal For Free Trade In Hazardous Waste Between The United States And Mexico Symposium - The Environment And The United States-Mexico Border., David W. Eaton Jan 1996

Nafta And The Environment: A Proposal For Free Trade In Hazardous Waste Between The United States And Mexico Symposium - The Environment And The United States-Mexico Border., David W. Eaton

St. Mary's Law Journal

Over the past decade, the transboundary movement of hazardous waste has become an important issue. Because of its geographic proximity to the United States and its desire to attract foreign investment, Mexico has become one of the United States-owned maquiladoras’ favorite dumping grounds. The recent North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) may only exacerbate matters. Because the health and environmental risks associated with the inappropriate disposal of hazardous waste knows no boundaries, it is important NAFTA signatories jointly address waste issues. While NAFTA has had a positive impact on environmental protection in the United States and Mexico, the NAFTA debate …

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Hopwood V. Texas: A Victory For Equality That Denies Reality - An Afterword Recent Development., Barbara Bader Aldave Jan 1996

Hopwood V. Texas: A Victory For Equality That Denies Reality - An Afterword Recent Development., Barbara Bader Aldave

St. Mary's Law Journal

Abstract Forthcoming.

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Afterword: New "Truths" And The Old First Amendment, David Skover, Ronald Collins Jan 1996

Afterword: New "Truths" And The Old First Amendment, David Skover, Ronald Collins

Faculty Articles

Written as an afterword to a Symposium on The Death of Discourse, this piece replies to commentaries on the relationship between "Noble Lies" and the First Amendment authored by Professors Shadia Drury (political science), Robert Hariman (rhetoric & communication studies), David Nyberg (philosophy), Loyal Rue (religion & philosophy), and Richard Stivers (sociology).

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The Anatomy Of Emtala: A Litigator's Guide., Alicia K. Dowdy, Gail N. Friend, Jennifer L. Rangel Jan 1996

The Anatomy Of Emtala: A Litigator's Guide., Alicia K. Dowdy, Gail N. Friend, Jennifer L. Rangel

St. Mary's Law Journal

The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) prohibits hospitals from inappropriately transferring or refusing medical care to persons with emergency medical conditions. EMTALA was passed in response to the practice of “dumping” seriously ill patients from private hospitals into public ones, to ensure all patients receive medical treatment in emergency situations. Plaintiffs have attempted to pursue EMTALA claims against non-hospital defendants, but courts have consistently disallowed such claims under the statute. By limiting the scope of its coverage to hospitals, EMTALA creates a situation unique from ordinary medical malpractice. Although hospitals may be held liable for negligent credentialing …

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A Fair Day's Pay For A Fair Day's Work: Time To Raise And Index The Minimum Wage., William P. Quigley Jan 1996

A Fair Day's Pay For A Fair Day's Work: Time To Raise And Index The Minimum Wage., William P. Quigley

St. Mary's Law Journal

Millions of people are working for a living but not receiving a living wage in return for their work. The value of the minimum wage continues to erode, with the Congressional Research Service estimating the minimum wage would have to rise to $6.75 per hour in 1996 to equal the purchasing power it represented in 1978. It is not in the common interest, nor in the interest of justice, for people to work full-time, yet remain mired in poverty. Reforming the minimum wage by raising it and indexing it for inflation is a critical step toward attaining Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s …

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Intellectual Property Pirates: Congress Raises The Stakes In The Modern Battle To Protect Copyrights And Safeguard The United States Economy Comment., Timothy D. Howell Jan 1996

Intellectual Property Pirates: Congress Raises The Stakes In The Modern Battle To Protect Copyrights And Safeguard The United States Economy Comment., Timothy D. Howell

St. Mary's Law Journal

Intellectual property pirates menace the industry by hijacking audio recordings, movies, television broadcasts, and software—posing an economic threat and accounting for billions of dollars in losses annually. This Comment examines legislative attempts to combat information piracy through criminalization of copyright infringement—focusing on the proposed Criminal Copyright Improvement Act of 1995 (Improvement Act). The Improvement Act contemplates expansion of criminal copyright infringement law, attempting to close the legal “loophole” exposed by United States v. LaMacchia, and providing a more effective means for deterring copyright piracy. Part II of this Comment provides a historical overview of United States copyright laws and introduces …

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Principles Of Governmental Immunity In Texas: The Texas Government Waives Sovereign Immunity When It Contracts - Or Does It Comment., Renna Rhodes Jan 1996

Principles Of Governmental Immunity In Texas: The Texas Government Waives Sovereign Immunity When It Contracts - Or Does It Comment., Renna Rhodes

St. Mary's Law Journal

When the government causes injury through negligence or by breaching a contract, the injured party must face the obstacle of governmental immunity. The doctrine of governmental immunity can act as a total bar to recovery, especially in Texas. Over the years, governmental immunity increasingly has faced attack from courts and commentators. Some states, including Texas, have revised the common-law doctrine, allowing the government to be sued in certain situations. In Texas, principles of governmental immunity are often misconstrued. Which principles of governmental immunity apply to a particular situation in Texas depends on whether the defendant is a state entity or …

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Scientific Evidence Under Daubert., John H. Mansfield Jan 1996

Scientific Evidence Under Daubert., John H. Mansfield

St. Mary's Law Journal

The controversy over the proper standard for the admissibility of scientific evidence is an argument over the value of a jury trial compared with a bench trial or decisions by scientists. The argument has both a constitutional dimension in the provisions relating to a jury trial, compulsory process and due process, and a nonconstitutional dimension in the ordinary law of evidence. In the recent case of Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., the United States Supreme Court took a different approach, basing its decision almost entirely on an interpretation of the particular words used in Rule 702 of the Federal …

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Speaking The Language Of Exclusion: How Equal Protection And Fundamental Rights Analyses Permit Language Discrimination Comment., Donna F. Coltharp Jan 1996

Speaking The Language Of Exclusion: How Equal Protection And Fundamental Rights Analyses Permit Language Discrimination Comment., Donna F. Coltharp

St. Mary's Law Journal

In the summer of 1995, the en banc Texas Court of Criminal Appeals in Flores v. State upheld a lower court’s ruling to give a drunk-driving (DWI) offender a year in prison as opposed to probation. The trial judge denied the defendant probation due to his inability to speak English. The county in which the defendant was arrested and convicted did not provide a DWI rehabilitation program in Spanish, leading the judge to determine the defendant would not benefit from probation. In his appeal, Mr. Flores claimed the lower court violated his equal protection and due process rights under the …

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Changing The Nature Of Corporate Representation: Attorney Liability For Aiding And Abetting The Breach Of Fiduciary Duty Comment., Stanley Pietrusiak Jr. Jan 1996

Changing The Nature Of Corporate Representation: Attorney Liability For Aiding And Abetting The Breach Of Fiduciary Duty Comment., Stanley Pietrusiak Jr.

St. Mary's Law Journal

In 1983, the American Bar Association (ABA) comprehensively defined corporate counsel’s ethical duties in situations where a corporate officer engages in conduct which could substantially harm the organization. In such cases, the nature of the corporate attorney’s duties depends on whether the officer’s conduct is illegal or whether the officer made a policy decision which falls short of illegality. Rule 1.13 of the Model Rules of Professional Conduct imposes the duty on corporate counsel to take steps to stop corporate officers from engaging in illegal conduct which is likely to result in substantial injury to the organization. Conversely, counsel is …

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Same-Sex Harassment - The Next Step Up In The Evolution Of Sexual Harassment Law Under Title Vii Comment., Regina L. Stone-Harris Jan 1996

Same-Sex Harassment - The Next Step Up In The Evolution Of Sexual Harassment Law Under Title Vii Comment., Regina L. Stone-Harris

St. Mary's Law Journal

Women sexually harassed by male co-workers are protected by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. Yet, men are not protected because the federal courts in the Fifth Circuit do not protect men who are sexually harassed by other men. Male victims of sexual harassment are protected if they live in another district which does offer Title VII protection to same-sex victims. But should geography dictate protection? The federal courts are currently split as to whether a claim of sexual harassment between members of the same gender is actionable under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. In the absence …

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What Juvenile Court Abolitionists Can Learn From The Failures Of Sentencing Reform, David Yellen Jan 1996

What Juvenile Court Abolitionists Can Learn From The Failures Of Sentencing Reform, David Yellen

Articles

No abstract provided.

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The Sounds Of Silence: Charter Application When The Legislature Declines To Speak, Dianne Pothier Jan 1996

The Sounds Of Silence: Charter Application When The Legislature Declines To Speak, Dianne Pothier

Dianne Pothier Collection

On first impression, the title of the Simon and Garfunkle hit classic hit "The Sounds of Silence" may seem like an oxymoron. But it does not take too much reflection to realize that silence can indeed be very expressive and therefore quite telling. While that can be true in any number of contexts, for the specific purpose of this article, I will examine only one: legislative silence. What is the legal significance of the legislature declining to speak on one particular aspect of a legal issue otherwise addressed in the legislation? More specifically, can the Charter be engaged to challenge …

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The Politics Of Pediatric Aids, Jennifer Cooper Jan 1996

The Politics Of Pediatric Aids, Jennifer Cooper

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The article argues that mandatory HIV testing for pregnant women is crucial to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV, emphasizing that political and social barriers, rather than medical limitations, hinder effective prevention. It advocates for routine HIV screening as part of prenatal care, supported by the success of treatments like zidovudine, and addresses ethical and constitutional concerns while asserting the state's compelling interest in public health.

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German Unification And The Reform Of Abortion Law, Rosemarie Will Jan 1996

German Unification And The Reform Of Abortion Law, Rosemarie Will

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

The article examines the legal and political challenges surrounding abortion law reform in Germany following unification, highlighting the tension between East Germany's liberal "stipulated period" model and West Germany's more restrictive "grounds for termination" approach. It argues that the unification process necessitated a compromise balancing the constitutional protection of fetal life with women's rights to self-determination, ultimately resulting in a hybrid model emphasizing counseling and limited legal access to abortion.

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Third World Texas: Nafta, State Law, And Environmental Problems Facing Texas Colonias Symposium - The Environment And The United States-Mexico Border - Comment., David L. Hanna Jan 1996

Third World Texas: Nafta, State Law, And Environmental Problems Facing Texas Colonias Symposium - The Environment And The United States-Mexico Border - Comment., David L. Hanna

St. Mary's Law Journal

The horrendous conditions along the Texas-Mexico border stem from factors on both sides of the Rio Grande River, including maquiladoras, migrant farms, poverty, poor land development, and bureaucracy. The adverse living conditions in Texas’s third world border region have resulted in immense health and safety problems. The United States government promised the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) would bring new environmental prosperity to the border region. Yet, aside from one sentence in the preamble, NAFTA does not directly address environmental protection. The United States and Mexico, as part of a series of environmental side agreements, created the Border Environmental …

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Nafta And The Environment: Dealing With Abnormally High Birth Defect Rates Among Children Of Texas-Mexico Border Towns Symposium - The Environment And The United States-Mexico Border - Comment., Kelly L. Reblin Jan 1996

Nafta And The Environment: Dealing With Abnormally High Birth Defect Rates Among Children Of Texas-Mexico Border Towns Symposium - The Environment And The United States-Mexico Border - Comment., Kelly L. Reblin

St. Mary's Law Journal

Along the 868-mile Texas-Mexico border thousands of young women live in fear as deadly birth defects with unknown causes threaten the lives of their unborn children. A total of ninety cases of the birth defect anencephaly, meaning the fetus has no brain, were reported in the fourteen Texas border counties between 1986 and 1991. The cause of these birth defects has yet to be determined officially; yet, researchers and residents along the Texas-Mexico border blame poor environmental conditions caused by the maquiladora industry and inadequate sewage facilities. The Texas Department of Health and the Centers for Disease Control investigated the …

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Giving Texas Lawyers Their Dues: The State Bar's Liability Under Hudson And Keller For Political And Ideological Activities., Ralph H. Brock Jan 1996

Giving Texas Lawyers Their Dues: The State Bar's Liability Under Hudson And Keller For Political And Ideological Activities., Ralph H. Brock

St. Mary's Law Journal

The State Bar must provide information for members to assess the propriety of mandatory dues and establish a procedure for members to challenge improper expenditures, however, the Texas State Bar provides no such procedure. Although most states have unified bars, opposition to compulsory bar membership is steady—due largely, to using membership dues to lobby state legislatures in favor of positions which some members may oppose. Chicago Teachers Union v. Hudson and Keller v. State Bar of California are the culmination of labor union and unified bar cases which uphold compulsory membership but establish constitutional limits on the uses of mandatory …

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Hopwood V. Texas: A Victory For Equality That Denies Reality Recent Development., Robert A. Lauer Jan 1996

Hopwood V. Texas: A Victory For Equality That Denies Reality Recent Development., Robert A. Lauer

St. Mary's Law Journal

Abstract Forthcoming.

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Punitive Damages In Ancient Roman And Contemporary American Tort Law, Esther Julia Sonntag Jan 1996

Punitive Damages In Ancient Roman And Contemporary American Tort Law, Esther Julia Sonntag

LLM Theses and Essays

Both ancient Roman and contemporary American tort law recognize a type of damages that, instead of compensating the plaintiff for harm suffered, punishes the wrongdoer. In American law, courts can award two distinct amounts of money: compensatory damages for the plaintiff’s loss, and punitive damages as punishment and deterrence. Ancient Roman law had more extreme forms of remedies. In both legal systems there has been a trend to restrict punitive damages over time. The United States made efforts in the 1980s to place caps on punitive damages, which were referred to as “relics of the past,” and enhance requirements for …

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The Color Of Truth: Race And The Assessment Of Credibility, Sheri Lynn Johnson Jan 1996

The Color Of Truth: Race And The Assessment Of Credibility, Sheri Lynn Johnson

Michigan Journal of Race and Law

This article will address specifically the relationship between race and credibility in legal cases, while acknowledging that broader bias issues are often, though sometimes imperceptibly, intertwined in racially biased credibility determinations. Part I will survey race and credibility issues that have arisen in courts, with particular focus on two modern habeas corpus cases. Part II will summarize the legal rules that presently regulate racially influenced assessments of credibility; it may surprise some readers to realize that there is no established mechanism for challenging racially biased credibility determinations. Part I will propose some standards for determining when race is permissibly used …

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The Social Construction Of Identity In Criminal Cases: Cinema Verité And The Pedagogy Of Vincent Chin, Paula C. Johnson Jan 1996

The Social Construction Of Identity In Criminal Cases: Cinema Verité And The Pedagogy Of Vincent Chin, Paula C. Johnson

Michigan Journal of Race and Law

This article will discuss the use of the film, Who Killed Vincent Chin?, as a method: (1) to analyze the relationship of social constructions of identity, particularly race, on the rules and discretionary application of criminal jurisprudence; (2) to provide an interactive pedagogical tool for law teachers, especially criminal law teachers, to examine the social contexts of criminal jurisprudence from multiple perspectives; and (3) to examine the ability of criminal law doctrine to address issues of race.

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The Dangers Of Misappropriation: Misusing Martin Luther King, Jr.'S Legacy To Prove The Colorblind Thesis, Ronald Turner Jan 1996

The Dangers Of Misappropriation: Misusing Martin Luther King, Jr.'S Legacy To Prove The Colorblind Thesis, Ronald Turner

Michigan Journal of Race and Law

This Article focuses on one particular aspect of the colorblind thesis: the misuse of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s image and legacy by liberals, neoliberals, conservatives, and neoconservatives "who cheaply invoke Dr. King's words even as they kill the substance and spirit of his radical message." The campaign supporting the adoption of Proposition 209, the California Civil Rights Initiative ("CCRI"), directly illustrates the misappropriation of King's legacy. Supporters of this anti-affirmative action proposal which calls for racial neutrality and a colorblind America, regularly invoked King's name, suggesting that he would have embraced such a measure. The California Republican Party prepared a …

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