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Interview With Bob Kerrey By Brien Williams, Joseph 'Bob' Robert Kerrey Jun 2009

Interview With Bob Kerrey By Brien Williams, Joseph 'Bob' Robert Kerrey

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
Joseph Robert “Bob” Kerrey was born August 27, 1943, in Lincoln, Nebraska. He was graduated from Lincoln Northeast High School and entered the University of Nebraska – Lincoln, where he earned a degree in pharmacy in 1966. He served in the U.S. Navy after graduation until 1969 and was wounded in combat in Vietnam, receiving the Medal of Honor and the Bronze Star. He returned to Nebraska, and in 1982 he was elected governor. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1988 and was reelected for a second term in 1994. He ran in the Democratic presidential …


Interview With Paula Silsby By Mike Hastings, Paula D. Silsby Jun 2009

Interview With Paula Silsby By Mike Hastings, Paula D. Silsby

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
Paula D. Silsby was born on June 1, 1951, in Bangor, Maine, to Ruth Blaisdell and Herbert Trafton Silsby II; her father was an attorney practicing at Silsby & Silsby and became a superior court judge. Paula was graduated from Mount Holyoke College in 1973 and the University of Maine Law School in 1976. From 1977 to 2001, she served as assistant U.S. attorney for the District of Maine, and as chief of the criminal division in the U.S. Attorney’s Office from 1994 to 2001. She has received the Caroline Duby Glassman Award from the Maine Bar Association, …


Interview With Lauren Higgins By Brien Williams, Lauren G. Higgins Jun 2009

Interview With Lauren Higgins By Brien Williams, Lauren G. Higgins

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
Lauren (Griffin) Higgins was born on February 21, 1964, in Waterville, Maine, to Lawrence and Gail Griffin. Her grandfather was Eddie Atkins, husband of George Mitchell’s sister, Barbara. Lauren attended Waterville High School and earned her degree in biology from College of the Holy Cross. She interned in Senator Mitchell’s office and subsequently was hired as assistant to his personal secretary, Gayle Cory. When Mitchell was elected majority leader, Lauren became Martha Pope’s assistant in the Senate Majority Leader’s Office. After six months there, she returned to Maine to attend law school but returned to Washington, D.C. in …


Interview With Chris Jennings By Diane Dewhirst, Christopher 'Chris' C. Jennings May 2009

Interview With Chris Jennings By Diane Dewhirst, Christopher 'Chris' C. Jennings

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
Christopher Charles Jennings was born in Athens, Ohio, to Lucille and Eugene Jennings, both musicians. He grew up in Ohio and attended Miami University (Ohio). After graduating, he received a fellowship to work for Senator John Glenn in Washington, D.C. and later worked for Senators Melcher and Pryor. He worked on the Senate Aging Committee and became director by 1992. He also worked on the U.S. Bipartisan Commission on Comprehensive Health Care (the Pepper Commission). In 1992, he helped with Bill Clinton’s presidential campaign, focusing on domestic policy. He also worked on Clinton’s presidential transition team, then took …


Interview With Regina Sullivan By Brien Williams, Regina Sullivan May 2009

Interview With Regina Sullivan By Brien Williams, Regina Sullivan

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
Regina Sullivan was born on January 16, 1957, to Richard and Julia Sullivan in the Bronx, New York, and grew up in Washington, DC. Her father was chief counsel to the House Public Works and Transportation Committee and her mother ran a nonprofit organization called Candle Lighters Childhood Cancer Foundation. Regina was graduated from Bishop Dennis J. O’Connell High School and went on to Regis University in Denver, Colorado, where she received a degree in economics. During her senior year of college, she worked for Denver Mayor Bill McNichols. After graduation she returned to Washington, D.C., where she …


Interview With Martha Pope, Abby Saffold And Marty Paone By Diane Dewhirst, Martha Pope, Martin 'Marty' P. Paone, C. 'Abby' Abbott Saffold May 2009

Interview With Martha Pope, Abby Saffold And Marty Paone By Diane Dewhirst, Martha Pope, Martin 'Marty' P. Paone, C. 'Abby' Abbott Saffold

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
Martin Patrick “Marty” Paone was born in Everett, Massachusetts, in 1951. His father was a National Labor Relations Board field examiner and his mother was a nurse. He attended Boston College, graduating in 1972 with degrees in economics and philosophy. He moved to Washington, D.C. in September of 1974 to pursue a master’s degree in Russian studies at Georgetown University, and while there he worked in the House post office and as a parking lot attendant at the Senate parking lot. This led to a job in the Senate Cloakroom in 1979 after he completed his degree. In …


Interview With Kelly Horwitz By Andrea L’Hommedieu, Kelly R. Horwitz May 2009

Interview With Kelly Horwitz By Andrea L’Hommedieu, Kelly R. Horwitz

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
Kelly (Riordan) Horwitz was born in Lewiston, Maine, on August 28, 1967, and grew up in nearby Livemore Falls. Her father, John Peter Riordan, was a truck diver, and her mother, Vickie Johnson Riordan, worked for a construction company at the paper mill in Livemore Falls. Kelly attended Livemore Falls High School and Gould Academy in Bethel, Maine, and earned her degree in education and social policy at Northwestern University. She became involved in politics in college, and when George Mitchell became Senate majority leader in 1988, Horwitz began working for Mitchell in the mail room. She moved …


Interview With Francis Marsano By Andrea L’Hommedieu, Francis C. Marsano May 2009

Interview With Francis Marsano By Andrea L’Hommedieu, Francis C. Marsano

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
Francis C. Marsano was born on September 8, 1936, in Bangor, Maine; his parents were Elton L. Marsano and Gertrude Mannette Marsano. He was one of five children and grew up in Belfast, Maine, living there until World War II, when his family moved to Quincy, Massachusetts, so that his father could work in a defense plant. His mother was a nurse. His grandfather remained in Belfast after his family’s move, and they often traveled to Maine to visit him. On these trips Marsano frequently passed through Brunswick, Maine, and decided that he wanted to attend Bowdoin College. …


Interview With John Hilley By Brien Williams, John L. Hilley May 2009

Interview With John Hilley By Brien Williams, John L. Hilley

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
John L. Hilley was born on October 22, 1947, to Dorothy and William Hilley in Tampa, Florida. His father was in the Air Force, so his family moved frequently. In eleventh grade he attended Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, and went on to Princeton University. He taught for a few years, then returned to Princeton to earn a Ph.D. in economics. He taught at Lehigh University, receiving tenure, then moved to Washington, D.C. He began work at the Congressional Budget Office and then transitioned to the Senate Budget Committee, becoming staff director under Senator Sasser. In January of …


Interview With Ralph Lancaster By Mike Hastings, Ralph 'Ike' I. Lancaster, Jr. May 2009

Interview With Ralph Lancaster By Mike Hastings, Ralph 'Ike' I. Lancaster, Jr.

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
Ralph I. Lancaster, Jr. was born on May 5, 1930, in Bangor, Maine, to Ralph I. Lancaster, Sr. and Mary Kelleher Lancaster. He was reared in Bangor by Bridget and Charles Mylan. He attended high school at John Bapst and went on to the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts, being graduated in 1952 with a degree in English and a minor in history. He earned his law degree from Harvard Law School, then was drafted and spent two years in the Army. He returned to Maine to clerk for Judge Gignoux and remained in that …


Interview With Ken Cole By Mike Hastings, Kenneth 'Ken' M. Cole Iii May 2009

Interview With Ken Cole By Mike Hastings, Kenneth 'Ken' M. Cole Iii

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
Kenneth M. Cole III was born November 3, 1943, in Portland, Maine, to Kenneth Cole, Jr. and Lena T. Cole. He lived in Windham, Maine, moving to Bernardsville, New Jersey, with his family during his fifth-grade school year. His father worked for Boy Scouts of America. Ken was graduated from Bowdoin College in 1969, then attended law school at Cornell. He returned to Maine to work as a law clerk at Jensen Baird Gardner & Henry in 1971, becoming a lawyer for the firm in 1972. He has been practicing at the firm for thirty-seven years and worked …


Interview With Audrey Sheppard By Brien Williams, Audrey Sheppard May 2009

Interview With Audrey Sheppard By Brien Williams, Audrey Sheppard

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
Audrey Sheppard was born on July 31, 1948, in Newton-Wellesley, Massachusetts; her mother, Annabel, married Jack Sheppard, Jr., during Audrey’s infancy after the death of Audrey’s father. She attended Syracuse University, where she studied journalism and political science. After graduation, she worked at Brandeis University and then as a paralegal at a Boston law firm. She worked for the McGovern presidential campaign of 1972, spent some time working on Capitol Hill, and then went to Rothstein/Buckley, a political consulting firm. She later started her own political consulting firm that focused on women candidates. Between 1981 and 1987, she …


Interview With Patrick Griffin By Brien Williams, Patrick J. Griffin May 2009

Interview With Patrick Griffin By Brien Williams, Patrick J. Griffin

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
Patrick J. Griffin was born June 22, 1949, in New York to Daniel and Edith Griffin. He attended St. Peter’s College in New Jersey, then the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee for graduate studies in urban policy. He worked as a Health, Education and Welfare fellow for a year, then spent a year on the Senate Budget Committee staff before becoming a member of Senator Byrd’s leadership staff, the Democratic Policy Committee staff, and later a Senate Floor staffer, where he met Senator Mitchell. He held the position of secretary of the Democratic Caucus, an elected position. He later started …


Interview With Sheila Burke By Brien Williams, Sheila P. Burke May 2009

Interview With Sheila Burke By Brien Williams, Sheila P. Burke

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
Sheila Burke was born and raised in San Francisco, California. She earned a B.S. in nursing at the University of San Francisco (class of 1973) and a master’s degree in public administration from Harvard University. She started working for Senator Dole in May of 1977 to handle health issues on the Senate Finance Committee. A Democrat from California, she was hired due to her prior experience as a nurse with a hands-on understanding of patient care. She became deputy chief of staff in the leader’s office when Senator Dole became minority leader in 1985 and rose to chief …


Interview With Bob Carolla (2) By Brien Williams, Robert 'Bob' J. Carolla Apr 2009

Interview With Bob Carolla (2) By Brien Williams, Robert 'Bob' J. Carolla

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
Robert J. “Bob” Carolla was born in 1956, in Suffern, New York, to Anthony and Mary Pugliese Carolla. When he was eight years old the family moved from Pearl River, New York, to Canastota, New York, where his father was a high school principal. Bob attended Middlebury College. Upon graduation he worked as the press secretary and political director of the Democratic Conference, which was a project of Americans for Democratic Action (ADA). He earned his law degree from Boston University in 1982. He worked with a law firm in Portland, Maine, and volunteered for the joint Brennan-Mitchell …


Interview With Tom Gallagher By Brien Williams, Thomas 'Tom' D. Gallagher Apr 2009

Interview With Tom Gallagher By Brien Williams, Thomas 'Tom' D. Gallagher

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
Thomas D. Gallagher was born on September 6, 1954, in Redfield, South Dakota, to Ray and Theresa Gallagher. His father was a lawyer and was active in the Veterans of Foreign Wars, serving as its national commander in 1969-1970. Tom attended the University of South Dakota and later received a master’s degree in public policy from the Kennedy School at Harvard University. He moved to Washington, D.C. to work for the Congressional Research Service from 1978-1980. He became a staff member of the Senate Budget Committee when Senator Muskie was its chairman. He started working for Senator Mitchell …


Interview With David Johnson By Andrea L’Hommedieu, David E. Johnson Apr 2009

Interview With David Johnson By Andrea L’Hommedieu, David E. Johnson

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
David E. Johnson was born on July 20, 1947, to Evelyn Irene (Hale) and Frank Tivis Johnson in Hardtner, Kansas. His father operated a grain elevator and his mother worked at a department store. He was raised in Enid, Oklahoma, attending Enid High School, where he excelled at debate, and was graduated from the University of Oklahoma with a degree in journalism. He worked for Ed Muskie’s 1972 presidential campaign in the “boiler room” and on his Intergovernmental Relations Committee from 1972 to 1978, working with Al From. He then worked for the Carter administration and for the …


Interview With Jay Davis By Mike Hastings, Jay Davis Apr 2009

Interview With Jay Davis By Mike Hastings, Jay Davis

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
Jay Davis was born May 4, 1943, in Hartford, Connecticut, to Frank and Helen Davis. His father worked for a company that made piano keys, and his mother was a homemaker, raising five children. His great-great-great uncle, Morgan G. Bulkeley, was governor of Connecticut, U.S. Senator, and the first president of baseball’s National League. Jay grew up in Ivoryton, Connecticut, and went to Holderness School in New Hampshire during his high school years. He attended Williams College and, after engaging briefly in journalism and community organizing in Hartford, he attended Harvard University, where he earned a master’s in …


Interview With David Flanagan By Mike Hastings, David T. Flanagan Apr 2009

Interview With David Flanagan By Mike Hastings, David T. Flanagan

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
David T. Flanagan was born in Bangor, Maine on June 39, 1947. He grew up in Bangor, Hampden, and then Portland, where he attended Deering High School. He was the eldest of eight children. His mother, Constance Flanagan, was a registered nurse, and his father, Thomas Flanagan, was an insurance claims adjustor for the USF&G Company. David attended Harvard University, where he studied history and government, and then went on to the University of London, Kings College, earned a master’s degree, and returned to Boston College Law School on a scholarship. He worked on the congressional campaign of …


Interview With Tom Daschle By Brien Williams, Thomas 'Tom' A. Daschle Apr 2009

Interview With Tom Daschle By Brien Williams, Thomas 'Tom' A. Daschle

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
Thomas Andrew Daschle was born on December 9, 1947, in Aberdeen, South Dakota, to Elizabeth B. Meier and Sebastian C. Daschle. He attended South Dakota State University, being graduated with a degree in political science in 1969. After college he served as an intelligence officer in the U.S. Air Force. He started in politics as a staff member to South Dakota Senator James Abourezk. In 1978, Daschle was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives and served for four terms there. In 1986, he ran for the U.S. Senate and won, serving until he lost the seat in …


Interview With Tim Agnew By Mike Hastings, Timothy Agnew Apr 2009

Interview With Tim Agnew By Mike Hastings, Timothy Agnew

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
Timothy Agnew was born May 18, 1954, in Stamford, Connecticut. His parents were Jane Gillespie Agnew and Chares Dutiel Agnew, who owned a small plastics manufacturing business. He grew up in Stamford, attended Vassar College majoring in political science, and received his law degree from University of Virginia in 1980. He joined the law firm of Thompson, Ashley and Bull in Portland, Maine. After leaving the law firm in 1984, he began working at the Finance Authority of Maine, where Governor McKernan appointed him CEO in 1988; he served as CEO of FAME until 1999. In 2000-2001 he …


Interview With Bill Frenzel By Brien Williams, William 'Bill' E. Frenzel Apr 2009

Interview With Bill Frenzel By Brien Williams, William 'Bill' E. Frenzel

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
William E. “Bill” Frenzel was born July 31, 1928, in St. Paul, Minnesota. He attended Saint Paul Academy and received a B.A. from Dartmouth College in 1950 and an M.A. in 1951. He served as a lieutenant in the Navy from 1951 to 1954 during the Korean War. He served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1962 to 1970, when he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Minnesota’s Third District. He held that office from 1971 until he retired in 1991; he served on the House Budget Committee and the Ways and Means Committee …


Interview With Paul And Germaine Orloff By Andrea L’Hommedieu, Paul Orloff, Germaine A. Orloff Apr 2009

Interview With Paul And Germaine Orloff By Andrea L’Hommedieu, Paul Orloff, Germaine A. Orloff

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
Paul Orloff was born in Waterville, Maine, on June 30, 1931. He is first-generation American, the son of two immigrants from Belarus, and one of two children. He met the Mitchell family at a young age because Mrs. Mitchell and his father would commute together to the woolen mill in Waterville. Consequently, he spent much of his time in the Mitchell home growing up, eventually becoming best friends with Robbie Mitchell, George’s brother. He attended Michigan State University, keeping in contact with Germaine, whom he was then dating, by letters. He served on the Waterville School Board for …


Interview With Hoddy Hildreth By Mike Hastings, Horace 'Hoddy' A. Hildreth, Jr. Apr 2009

Interview With Hoddy Hildreth By Mike Hastings, Horace 'Hoddy' A. Hildreth, Jr.

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
Horace “Hoddy” Hildreth was born on December 17, 1931, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, to Katherine Cable Wing and Horace A. Hildreth, Sr. His father attended Bowdoin College and Harvard Law School, was Maine state senator, and later served as Maine’s governor from 1942 to 1946. His mother, Katherine Hildreth, was from the Midwest and attended Vassar College. Hoddy was graduated from Bowdoin College with a major in English and was a classmate of George Mitchell. He earned his law degree at Columbia and then returned to Maine to practice law at Pierce Atwood, where he did lobbying for paper …


Interview With Norm Reef By Mike Hastings, Norman 'Norm' S. Reef Apr 2009

Interview With Norm Reef By Mike Hastings, Norman 'Norm' S. Reef

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
Norman S. “Norm” Reef was born on August 16, 1933, in Portland, Maine, where he grew up with his parents, Samuel Reef and Dora Reef, and seven siblings. His father emigrated from Lithuania at age fourteen and worked as a cobbler. Norm grew up in the Jewish community of Portland, and the family struggled to make ends meet during the Depression and World War II. He attended Boston University and after two years joined the Army; the Korean War ended just as he completed training. He returned to study public relations at Boston University and then attended law …


Interview With John Warner By Brien Williams, John W. Warner Mar 2009

Interview With John Warner By Brien Williams, John W. Warner

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
John William Warner was born February 18, 1927, to John W. Warner and Martha Budd Warner. He grew up in Washington, D.C. and was graduated from Woodrow Wilson High School in 1945. He enlisted in the Navy after high school and is a veteran of World War II. After leaving the service he attended Washington & Lee University in Lexington, Virginia, graduating in 1949. He attended law school at the University of Virginia but left to serve in the Marines during the Korean War; subsequently, he received his law degree from George Washington University in 1953, served as …


Interview With Chuck Kruger By Mike Hastings, Charles 'Chuck' B. Kruger Mar 2009

Interview With Chuck Kruger By Mike Hastings, Charles 'Chuck' B. Kruger

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
Charles “Chuck” Kruger was born in Morristown, New Jersey, on July 2, 1950. His parents were Charles Bromley Kruger and Barbara Burke Kruger. His father was a WWII veteran and captain of a B-17 before starting an aviation business and then going into the family business. As a boy Chuck sang in St. Peter’s Church boys’ choir, and he started playing guitar at age 14. Chuck went to boarding school in New Hope, where he became interested in theatre, English, and writing. After high school, he went to New York City, where he played in a band and …


Interview With Harold Ickes By Diane Dewhirst, Harold M. Ickes Mar 2009

Interview With Harold Ickes By Diane Dewhirst, Harold M. Ickes

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
Harold M. Ickes was born on September 4, 1939, in Baltimore, Maryland, to Harold L. Ickes and Jane Dahlman. His father served as Franklin D. Roosevelt’s secretary of the interior. He attended high school at the Sidwell Friends School in Washington, D.C., was graduated from Stanford University in 1964 with a degree in economics, and earned his law degree from Columbia Law School in 1967. He was a civil rights activist during his student years in the ‘60s, spending the summers of 1964 and 1965 registering African American voters in Louisiana and Mississippi. In 1966, he became involved …


Interview With Grace Reef By Diane Dewhirst, Grace Reef Mar 2009

Interview With Grace Reef By Diane Dewhirst, Grace Reef

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
Grace Reef grew up in Portland, Maine, with her father, Norman Reef, an attorney, and her mother, Patricia Reef. In 1974, as a twelve-year-old, she was the first female Little League baseball player, having sued to integrate girls into the program. She first heard of Senator Mitchell when he ran for governor in 1974. She attended Colby College, graduating in 1983 with a degree in public policy. During college she interned in Mitchell’s Senate office in Washington, D.C.; she worked as a legislative correspondent and was later promoted to be a legislative assistant, eventually becoming one of Mitchell’s …


Interview With Bob Carolla (1) By Brien Williams, Robert 'Bob' J. Carolla Mar 2009

Interview With Bob Carolla (1) By Brien Williams, Robert 'Bob' J. Carolla

George J. Mitchell Oral History Project

Biographical Note
Robert J. “Bob” Carolla was born in 1956, in Suffern, New York, to Anthony and Mary Pugliese Carolla. When he was eight years old the family moved from Pearl River, New York, to Canastota, New York, where his father was a high school principal. Bob attended Middlebury College. Upon graduation he worked as the press secretary and political director of the Democratic Conference, which was a project of Americans for Democratic Action (ADA). He earned his law degree from Boston University in 1982. He worked with a law firm in Portland, Maine, and volunteered for the joint Brennan-Mitchell …