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Articles 31 - 57 of 57
Full-Text Articles in Law
Association Of American Law Schools Panel On The International Criminal Court, Christopher L. Blakesley
Association Of American Law Schools Panel On The International Criminal Court, Christopher L. Blakesley
Scholarly Works
Professor Blakesley participates in this panel discussion on the International Criminal Court. The Association of American Law Schools sponsored the panel.
La Preuve Pénale Et Des Tests Génétiques: United States Report, Christopher L. Blakesley
La Preuve Pénale Et Des Tests Génétiques: United States Report, Christopher L. Blakesley
Scholarly Works
A major problem for those analyzing U.S. criminal law and procedure is that it does not fit the Continental or British mold. There is no one single system, but parallel federal and 50 state systems each with its own legislature, laws, courts (including trial, appellate, and supreme courts), police, prosecutors and prisons. The authorities who enact and implement these laws are sovereign within their respective jurisdictions. Each state has police power over its people. The 10th amendment to the U.S. Constitution controls allocation of federal and state authority. It provides that whatever the Constitution has not designated as being within …
Contracting Access To The Courts: Myth Or Reality? Bane Or Boon?, Jeffrey W. Stempel
Contracting Access To The Courts: Myth Or Reality? Bane Or Boon?, Jeffrey W. Stempel
Scholarly Works
Many scholars of the dispute resolution system perceive a sea change in attitudes toward adjudication that took place in the mid-1970s. Among the events of the time included the Pound Conference, which put the Chief Justice of the United States and the national judicial establishment on record in favor of at least some refinement, if not restriction, on access to courts. In addition, Chief Justice Burger, the driving force behind the Pound Conference, also used his bully pulpit as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court to promote ADR, particularly court-annexed arbitration. The availability of judicial adjuncts such as court-annexed arbitration …
Comparativist Ruminations From The Bayou On Child Custody Jurisdiction: The Uccja, The Pkpa, And The Hague Convention On Child Abduction, Christopher L. Blakesley
Comparativist Ruminations From The Bayou On Child Custody Jurisdiction: The Uccja, The Pkpa, And The Hague Convention On Child Abduction, Christopher L. Blakesley
Scholarly Works
Interstate and international jurisdictional problems are often vexing. They are worse in matters of child custody. In the past, jurisdiction to obtain custody or to modify a custody decree required only presence or domicile. The United States population is transient and custody decisions are subject to modification. The volatility of child custody disputes and the tendency of parents to move to different and separate jurisdictions traditionally caused and continue to cause difficult problems for children, parents, and the legal system. Before the promulgation of the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act (UCCJA) and the Parental Kidnapping Prevention Act (PKPA), it was …
Jurisdiction, Definition Of Crimes, And Triggering Mechanisms, Christopher L. Blakesley
Jurisdiction, Definition Of Crimes, And Triggering Mechanisms, Christopher L. Blakesley
Scholarly Works
The opportunity to create an international court that provides fair, equitable, and efficient justice is rare and important. It requires expertise in comparative and international law. Problems are serious, however. Failure to address the formidable problems could cause the Court to run a risk of failure that could be disastrous for international law, for the victims of the horrors that have occurred and that will occur, and for the world. Failure could come in at least two forms: (1) the Court could merely be a conduit for retribution after a pro-forma kangaroo court or (2) it will not have sufficient …
Two Cheers For Specialization, Jeffrey W. Stempel
Two Cheers For Specialization, Jeffrey W. Stempel
Scholarly Works
Professor Dreyfuss adopts what might be termed the more conservative and deferential view of the efficacy of Delaware corporate law in her paper and her presentation. This approach generally views the market as making a statement with which one should not lightly quarrel. Because Delaware continues to attract incorporations, this view posits that the state's attraction is the superiority of its corporate law compared to other states, which lack a semi-specialized Chancery Court. Consequently, in a race to the top of corporate standards, legal rules and adjudications, Delaware's success in the market suggests that Delaware's legal product is good.
Other …
Democratic Responses To International Terrorism, Christopher L. Blakesley
Democratic Responses To International Terrorism, Christopher L. Blakesley
Scholarly Works
This volume provides a multidisciplinary study of terrorism. The editor notes at the outset the difficulty of definition: "Terrorism is not a one-dimensional problem; it transcends many frontiers: political, jurisdictional, institutional, disciplinary and methodological. So approaching the problem from only one perspective may lead to only partial understanding and an incomplete strategy for developing constructive responses” (p. 3). Note the tendency of even this careful statement to assume that terrorism is always committed by others, Also, although legal definition and consideration may be implied by the terms polical, jurisdictional, institutional and disciplinary, which are indicated as various dimensions of …
Obstacles To The Creation Of A Permanent War Crimes Tribunal, Christopher L. Blakesley
Obstacles To The Creation Of A Permanent War Crimes Tribunal, Christopher L. Blakesley
Scholarly Works
Individual liability for war crimes is difficult to enforce and is unlikely to be accepted uniformly by states.
Individual criminal responsibility is the cornerstone of any international war crimes tribunal. Nuremberg Principle I provides that “[a]ny person who commits an act which constitutes a crime under international law is responsible therefor and liable to punishment.” Acts by heads of state or other government officials, even if committed in an official capacity, may not constitute an immunity defense to or mitigate criminality. These officials, therefore, could also be held responsible for offenses committed pursuant to their orders. Additionally, liability for criminal …
Prosecuting And Defending Violations Of Genocide And Humanitarian Law: The International Tribunal For The Former Yugoslavia, Christopher L. Blakesley
Prosecuting And Defending Violations Of Genocide And Humanitarian Law: The International Tribunal For The Former Yugoslavia, Christopher L. Blakesley
Scholarly Works
A symposium discussing the international war crimes tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, established by the United Nations Security Council’s . Christopher L. Blakesley discussed the procedural aspects of the War Crimes Tribunal.
State Support Of International Terrorism: Legal, Political And Economic Dimensions, Christopher L. Blakesley
State Support Of International Terrorism: Legal, Political And Economic Dimensions, Christopher L. Blakesley
Scholarly Works
In this piece, Professor Blakesley reviews “State Support of International Terrorism: Legal, Political, and Economic Dimensions” by John F. Murphy.
The Need For An International Criminal Court In The New International World Order, Christopher L. Blakesley
The Need For An International Criminal Court In The New International World Order, Christopher L. Blakesley
Scholarly Works
Any inquiry into the merits of an international criminal court must start with resolving three basic issues:
1. Can the tribunal improve international cooperation in law enforcement, add to the capabilities of the various nations in matters of international criminal law, or contribute in any incremental way to the solution of international and transnational criminal law problems by improving the current practice and enhancing the effectiveness of all concerned?
2. Will the recommended system have a better or equal chance of operating as effectively as the best existing systems of national criminal justice?
3. Will the recommended system improve efficiency …
Introduction To Greek Law, Christopher L. Blakesley
Introduction To Greek Law, Christopher L. Blakesley
Scholarly Works
Greek Law, developed under the stewardship of Professor Konstantinos Kerameus, takes on his character, being a solid, careful work of first rate scholarship. It presents the Greek legal system, the substance of each part of its civil public and penal law and procedure, in a series of well-written and insightful chapters by many of the best Greek scholars (in the United States and in Greece) on each subject. The book is important, because Greece is in the Common Market and Council of Europe, and because the continental and even the common law systems owe their development to the Ro- man-Byzantine …
International Law Principles Governing The Extraterritorial Application Of Criminal Law, Christopher L. Blakesley
International Law Principles Governing The Extraterritorial Application Of Criminal Law, Christopher L. Blakesley
Scholarly Works
In this piece Professor Blakesley provides remarks on the differences and similarities between Germany and the United States on international principles of jurisdiction over extraterritorial crime.
International Year In Review: Developments In International Criminal Law, Christopher L. Blakesley
International Year In Review: Developments In International Criminal Law, Christopher L. Blakesley
Scholarly Works
In this piece Professor Blakesley provides remarks on recent developments in International Criminal Law.
Finding Harmony Amidst Disagreement Over Extradition, Jurisdiction, The Role Of Human Rights, And Issues Of Extraterritoriality Under International Criminal Law, Christopher L. Blakesley
Finding Harmony Amidst Disagreement Over Extradition, Jurisdiction, The Role Of Human Rights, And Issues Of Extraterritoriality Under International Criminal Law, Christopher L. Blakesley
Scholarly Works
This Article examines extradition and jurisdiction over extraterritorial crime, focusing on the relationship between jurisdiction and extradition in the broader context of human rights law. The authors challenge what they argue are chimerical, although strongly held beliefs in the incompatibility of European and United States criminal justice systems and extradition practices. They argue that cooperation in matters of international criminal law may be enhanced, while protection of human rights is promoted. The authors establish this possibility by breaking down the barriers to understanding that stem from the divergent European versus Anglo-American modes of analysis.
The authors first analyze the five …
Major Contemporary Issues In Extradition Law, Christopher L. Blakesley
Major Contemporary Issues In Extradition Law, Christopher L. Blakesley
Scholarly Works
In this piece Professor Blakesley provides remarks on high crimes in international law, and the ability to extradite state and high government officials for committing them.
The Modern Blood Feud: Thoughts On The Philosophy Of Terrorism, Christopher L. Blakesley
The Modern Blood Feud: Thoughts On The Philosophy Of Terrorism, Christopher L. Blakesley
Scholarly Works
Herman Melville brilliantly lets us feel, through Captain Ahab, the sensation of destructive rage, hatred and violence. Sadly, Melville's insight penetrates to the core of society, perhaps of each of us, in today's omnipresent terroristic melodrama. We have all suffered moments of vicarious terror and rage over the past few years as we watched news accounts of terrorist incidents, such as the downing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland. The melodrama of terrorism has penetrated each of our lives. We see it and feel the rage nearly on a daily basis. Innocent children, women and men aboard Pan …
Terrorism, Law, And Our Constitutional Order, Christopher L. Blakesley
Terrorism, Law, And Our Constitutional Order, Christopher L. Blakesley
Scholarly Works
We have all suffered moments of vicarious terror over the past few years as we watched news accounts of terrorist incidents, such as the downing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland. There, some institution, government, or group used innocent children, women, and men as fodder for their “war.” Some have claimed that the pusillanimous carnage was in retaliation for the slaughter of equivalent innocents aboard the Iranian Air Bus, similarly destroyed by American forces during the summer of 1988. Others suggested that it was committed by those interested in thwarting prospects of peace in the Middle East.
Jurisdiction As Legal Protection Against Terrorism, Christopher L. Blakesley
Jurisdiction As Legal Protection Against Terrorism, Christopher L. Blakesley
Scholarly Works
On June 14, 1985, Robert Stethem was shot to death aboard a hijacked TWA airliner. On October 7, 1985, the Italian cruise-liner, Achille Lauro, was hijacked and the next day Leon Klinghofer was killed and thrown overboard. On Julyu 2, 1986, Rodrgio Rojas was mortally wounded when he was doused with gasoline and set afire while walking with protesters in Santiago, Chile. Soviets are said to leave booby-trapped dolls for Afghan Moujahadeen children. There is evidence that the United States government directly supports the Nicaraguan contras who, in waging their guerilla war, allegedly have killed innocent citizens. It is …
The Evisceration Of The Political Offense Exception To Extradition, Christopher L. Blakesley
The Evisceration Of The Political Offense Exception To Extradition, Christopher L. Blakesley
Scholarly Works
The Supplementary Convention to the Extradition Treaty between the Government of the United States of American and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, was signed on June 25, 1985, and transmitted to the U.S. Senate on July 17, 1985. This article will focus on the portion of the supplementary treaty which effectively eliminates the political offense exception, and on the statement made by the Legal Adviser to the Department of State, the honorable Judge Abraham D. Sofaer, made in favor of the Supplementary Treaty, on August 1, 1985. This article suggests that approval of …
An Essay On Executive Branch Attempts To Eviscerate The Separation Of Powers, Christopher L. Blakesley
An Essay On Executive Branch Attempts To Eviscerate The Separation Of Powers, Christopher L. Blakesley
Scholarly Works
The Reagan Administration has been aggressively attempting to arrogate power to the Executive branch and to undermine the separation of powers in the realms of foreign affairs. To Chain the Dog of War shows that for decades the Executive branch has moved to appropriate Congress’ war powers. The Reagan Administration not only has continued that tradition, but also has attempted to erode the Judiciary’s power to decide questions of law and fact concerning human rights and liberty in international extradition cases involving political offenses. The underlying rationale for this shift has been that decisions to make war or to condemn …
Child Custody - Jurisdiction And Procedure, Christopher L. Blakesley
Child Custody - Jurisdiction And Procedure, Christopher L. Blakesley
Scholarly Works
Custody determinations traditionally have comprised a subcategory of litigation under the Pennoyer v. Neff exception for proceedings relating to status. Of course, states have the power to decide the status of their domiciliaries. It was natural, therefore, for the courts and scholars of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to consider domicile the sole basis of jurisdiction in custody matters. Gradually, judges and scholars began to challenge the notion that domicile was the sole basis and courts began to apply other bases, such as the child's presence in the state or personal jurisdiction over both parents. One commentator suggests that …
The Putative Marriage Doctrine, Christopher L. Blakesley
The Putative Marriage Doctrine, Christopher L. Blakesley
Scholarly Works
The classic putative marriage doctrine is substantive, ameliorative or corrective; it is designed to allow all the civil effects -- rights, privileges, and benefits -- which obtain in a legal marriage to flow to parties to a null marriage who had a good faith belief that their "marriage" was legal and valid. Most jurisdictions in the United States have developed equitable analogues to the putative spouse doctrine that provide all or part of the relief afforded by the classic doctrine.
If a marriage is declared to be null or void, that declaration is retroactive to the day that the null …
A Conceptual Framework For Extradition And Jurisdiction Over Extraterritorial Crime, Christopher L. Blakesley
A Conceptual Framework For Extradition And Jurisdiction Over Extraterritorial Crime, Christopher L. Blakesley
Scholarly Works
International law is the language by which nations assert and attempt to resolve competing legal interests. As with any other language, if the definitions of essential concepts become muddled, it is difficult to communicate. The traditional bases of jurisdiction over extraterritorial crime are essential concepts in the language of international law. The decision to grant or deny extradition, for example, often depends on whether the interested nation recognizes the basis of jurisdiction asserted by another. Confusion over the traditional bases of jurisdiction therefore risks disagreement over and denial of extradition.
United States courts have recently expanded the traditional bases of …
United States Jurisdiction Over Extraterritorial Crime, Christopher L. Blakesley
United States Jurisdiction Over Extraterritorial Crime, Christopher L. Blakesley
Scholarly Works
The term jurisdiction may be defined as the authority to affect legal interests -- to prescribe rules of law (legislative jurisdiction), to adjudicate legal questions (judicial jurisdiction) and to enforce judgments the judiciary made (enforcement jurisdiction). The definition, nature and scope of jurisdiction vary depending on the context in which it is to be applied. United States domestic law, for example, defines and applies notions of jurisdiction pursuant to the United States constitutional provisions relating to the separation of powers. Within the United States, jurisdiction is defined and applied in a variegated fashion depending on whether a legal problem is …
The Practice Of Extradition From Antiquity To Modern France And The United States: A Brief History, Christopher L. Blakesley
The Practice Of Extradition From Antiquity To Modern France And The United States: A Brief History, Christopher L. Blakesley
Scholarly Works
In order to understand the perceptions of extradition’s function and purpose in modern France and the United States, it is important to consider the evolution of thought regarding extradition. This article will focus on the history of extradition law as it has influenced contemporary law in the United States and France. The purpose of the article is to provide insight into the development of the “modern” extradition. Although the process has not always been executed by use of a treaty agreement, treaty authorized extraditions have existed since antiquity. Moreover, a treaty authorized extradition for common crimes, as opposed to political …
Conditional Liberation (Parole) In France, Christopher L. Blakesley
Conditional Liberation (Parole) In France, Christopher L. Blakesley
Scholarly Works
Anglo-American parole owes its theoretical development and its early systematization, indeed its very existence, to France. It has been said that France has the genius of invention, but that too often the great ideas born in France are neglected there to find their baptism of success in other countries. This remark characterizes the history of the parole concept in France. Yet, the latest innovations being developed in France portend new possibilities for success in the rehabilitation of convicts. This section will trace briefly the history of conditional liberation the French counterpart of Anglo-American parole, and describe the development of the …