Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Institution
-
- Case Western Reserve University School of Law (15)
- Selected Works (11)
- SelectedWorks (8)
- Vanderbilt University Law School (6)
- American University Washington College of Law (5)
-
- University of Michigan Law School (5)
- University of Pittsburgh School of Law (5)
- Florida International University College of Law (4)
- Pepperdine University (3)
- University of San Diego (3)
- Washington and Lee University School of Law (3)
- Cleveland State University (2)
- Duke Law (2)
- Georgetown University Law Center (2)
- St. Mary's University (2)
- University of Georgia School of Law (2)
- University of Miami Law School (2)
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas -- William S. Boyd School of Law (2)
- University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School (2)
- Association of Arab Universities (1)
- BLR (1)
- College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University (1)
- Golden Gate University School of Law (1)
- Notre Dame Law School (1)
- Osgoode Hall Law School of York University (1)
- Pace University (1)
- Santa Clara Law (1)
- Schulich School of Law, Dalhousie University (1)
- The University of Notre Dame Australia (1)
- U.S. Naval War College (1)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law (13)
- Faculty Publications (8)
- Articles (7)
- Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law (6)
- Charles C. Jalloh (4)
-
- American University International Law Review (3)
- San Diego International Law Journal (3)
- Scholarly Works (3)
- All Faculty Scholarship (2)
- Ana Filipa Vrdoljak (2)
- Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals (2)
- Cleveland State Law Review (2)
- Faculty Scholarship (2)
- Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works (2)
- Gregory S. Gordon (2)
- Mark A. Drumbl (2)
- Michigan Law Review (2)
- Scholarly Articles (2)
- The Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice (2)
- University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review (2)
- Allison Rogne (1)
- Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law (1)
- Cameron C Russell (1)
- Dalhousie Law Journal (1)
- Diane Orentlicher (1)
- Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 (1)
- Douglass Cassel (1)
- ExpressO (1)
- Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law (1)
- Global Tides (1)
- Publication Type
- File Type
Articles 1 - 30 of 102
Full-Text Articles in Law
The Development Of International Law In Relation To Crimes Against Humanity, Nikki Redelijk
The Development Of International Law In Relation To Crimes Against Humanity, Nikki Redelijk
Global Tides
This paper will look at the development of international law in relation to crimes against humanity. First, juridically applied at the Nuremberg Trials, crimes against humanity has historically offered a compelling juxtaposition between naturalist and positivist law. Hence, this paper attempts to shed light on these juxtapositions, as seen by the respective arguments taken up by the Allies and Germany at Nuremberg. Likewise, this paper will illustrate the complexities within the definition itself. Finally, this paper will clarify the differing definitions taken up at the various tribunals following Nuremberg, leading up to the Rome Statute. It is a hope, that …
Law Not War: A Reflection On The Life And Work Of Benjamin B. Ferencz, 1920-2023, Patricia M. Mische
Law Not War: A Reflection On The Life And Work Of Benjamin B. Ferencz, 1920-2023, Patricia M. Mische
The Journal of Social Encounters
Solidarity in this essay is differentiated from collectivism, conformity, group think, herd mentality and mob action. It is defined as a mindful and empathetic choice to work in unity with others to alleviate human suffering and uphold human dignity by advancing systems of greater justice, peace, freedom, and inclusion for all. This form of solidarity is explored through the prism of one person’s life – that of Benjamin Ferencz – and how he used his experience, talents, and skills to develop and promote the international legal framework needed to address and prevent crimes against humanity. It traces his life from …
Future-Proofing U.S. Laws For War Crimes Investigations In The Digital Era, Rebecca Hamilton
Future-Proofing U.S. Laws For War Crimes Investigations In The Digital Era, Rebecca Hamilton
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
Advances in information technology have irrevocably changed the nature of war crimes investigations. The pursuit of accountability for the most serious crimes of concern to the international community now invariably requires access to digital evidence. The global reach of platforms like Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter means that much of that digital evidence is held by U.S. social media companies, and access to it is subject to the U.S. Stored Communications Act.
This is the first Article to look at the legal landscape facing international investigators seeking access to digital evidence regarding genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and aggression. It …
Post-Conflict Reconciliation In Ukraine, Elena Baylis
Post-Conflict Reconciliation In Ukraine, Elena Baylis
Articles
Reconciliation mechanisms should be a core component of transitional justice in Ukraine. The nature of this conflict as a war justified by claims about history, identity, and legitimacy suggests that there will be a need for post-war reconciliation initiatives. Such reconciliation measures would be intended to enable Ukraine’s Russian, Ukrainian, and other communities to live together constructively within the same state. The goals of social reconciliation also converge with Ukraine’s long-term, political aims vis-à-vis both Russia and the European Union. This paper addresses three types of reconciliation measures that are important for post-conflict Ukraine. Instrumental mechanisms to engage post-conflict social …
International Criminal Responsibility Of The Individual: A Quantum Leap For Man’S Humanity, Giovanni Distefano Prof.
International Criminal Responsibility Of The Individual: A Quantum Leap For Man’S Humanity, Giovanni Distefano Prof.
مجلة جامعة الإمارات للبحوث القانونية UAEU LAW JOURNAL
Properly speaking, international criminal responsibility is not a new chapter of public international law, but rather the recent revival of an old chapter of the Law of Nations. In the recent past, we have seen the emergence of ad hoc international criminal tribunals that is with a limited competence, as established in their statutes.([1]) Instead, today’s International Criminal Court enjoys, within its statutory (treaty) limits, a general jurisdiction; it is thus a permanent organ of a general character, mirroring the ICJ in matters of international criminal law. It will also be in charge of the international criminal responsibility …
Criminal Justice Is Local: Why States Disregard Universal Jurisdiction For Human Rights Abuses, Jeremy A. Rabkin, Craig S. Lerner
Criminal Justice Is Local: Why States Disregard Universal Jurisdiction For Human Rights Abuses, Jeremy A. Rabkin, Craig S. Lerner
Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law
A German court recently convicted a minor Syrian official of abuses committed in Syria's civil war. The case was announced with fanfare but has since stirred no interest. Nor should this be surprising. The world has been here before. There was intense excitement in 1998, when British authorities arrested Augusto Pinochet, the former president of Chile, for human rights abuses committed in Chile. It was taken at the time as vindicating the doctrine that the worst human rights abuses fall under "universal jurisdiction," allowing any state to prosecute, even for crimes against foreign nationals on foreign territory. As generally acknowledged …
Little Progress In The Sixth Committee On Crimes Against Humanity, Leila Nadya Sadat
Little Progress In The Sixth Committee On Crimes Against Humanity, Leila Nadya Sadat
Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law
No abstract provided.
Justice For Venezuela: The Human Rights Violations That Are Isolating An Entire Country, Andrea Matos
Justice For Venezuela: The Human Rights Violations That Are Isolating An Entire Country, Andrea Matos
The Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice
Abstract forthcoming.
International Criminal Responsibility Of The Individual: A Quantum Leap For Man’S Humanity, Giovanni Distefano
International Criminal Responsibility Of The Individual: A Quantum Leap For Man’S Humanity, Giovanni Distefano
UAEU Law Journal
Properly speaking, international criminal responsibility is not a new chapter of public international law, but rather the recent revival of an old chapter of the Law of Nations. In the recent past, we have seen the emergence of ad hoc international criminal tribunals that is with a limited competence, as established in their statutes.[1] Instead, today’s International Criminal Court enjoys, within its statutory (treaty) limits, a general jurisdiction; it is thus a permanent organ of a general character, mirroring the ICJ in matters of international criminal law. It will also be in charge of the international criminal responsibility of …
Prosecuting Starvation Crimes In Yemen's Civil War, Laura Graham
Prosecuting Starvation Crimes In Yemen's Civil War, Laura Graham
Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law
"This article will discuss whether the responsible parties for starvation in Yemen can be prosecuted under international criminal law (ICL) or international humanitarian law (IHL) for war crimes or crimes against humanity (CAH)."
Attacks Against Cultural Heritage As A Crime Against Humanity, Yaron Gottlieb
Attacks Against Cultural Heritage As A Crime Against Humanity, Yaron Gottlieb
Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law
"The article begins with a brief overview of the contemporary international criminal law regime governing attacks against cultural heritage. It continues by identifying the main legal gaps as well as additional considerations that support the introduction of a distinct crime against humanity in the Draft Convention’s list of crime. The article then defines the proposed new crime and analyzes the crime’s elements including a definition of cultural heritage for the purpose of the Draft Convention."
The International Law Commission's First Draft Convention On Crimes Against Humanity: Codification, Progressive Development, Or Both?, Charles C. Jalloh
The International Law Commission's First Draft Convention On Crimes Against Humanity: Codification, Progressive Development, Or Both?, Charles C. Jalloh
Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law
"It is submitted that, if the General Assembly takes forward the ILC’s draft text to conclude a new crimes against humanity treaty after the second reading, this will make a significant contribution to the development of modern international criminal law."
Crimes Against Humanity In Venezuela: Can The Icc Bring Justice To Venezuelan Victims?, Ayumary M. Fitzgerald
Crimes Against Humanity In Venezuela: Can The Icc Bring Justice To Venezuelan Victims?, Ayumary M. Fitzgerald
University of Miami International and Comparative Law Review
State parties to the Rome Statute submit to the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court (ICC). This permanent and autonomous Court tries individuals for heinous international crimes, including crimes against humanity (CAH). Crimes such as murder, imprisonment, or torture, when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population, with knowledge of the attack, are known as CAH. Under the Statute, national jurisdictions are primarily responsible for investigating and prosecuting those responsible for international crimes. So, before it can assert jurisdiction, the ICC must determine that a state party is unwilling or unable to prosecute …
Litigating Genocide: A Consideration Of The Criminal Court In Light Of The German Jew's Legal Response To Nazi Persecution, 1933-1941, Jody M. Prescott
Litigating Genocide: A Consideration Of The Criminal Court In Light Of The German Jew's Legal Response To Nazi Persecution, 1933-1941, Jody M. Prescott
Maine Law Review
After years of negotiation, a majority of the nations of the world have agreed to create an International Criminal Court. It will be given jurisdiction over three core types of offenses: genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. With regard to war crimes, however, nations that join the court may take advantage of an “opt-out” procedure, whereby the court's jurisdiction over these offenses may be rejected for seven years after the court comes into existence. For various reasons, a small number of nations, including the United States, have refused to sign the treaty creating the court. While heralded as a …
2018 Klatsky Endowed Lecture In Human Rights: The International Law Commission's Proposal For A Convention On The Prevention And Punishment Of Crimes Against Humanity, Sean D. Murphy
Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law
Sean D. Murphy gives the Klatsky Endowed Lecture on Human Rights, describing his efforts at the International Law Commission to bring about an international Convention on Crimes Against Humanity
Assessing The International Criminal Court, Beth A. Simmons, Mitchell Radtke, Hyeran Jo
Assessing The International Criminal Court, Beth A. Simmons, Mitchell Radtke, Hyeran Jo
All Faculty Scholarship
One of the most important issues surrounding international courts is whether they can further the dual causes of peace and justice. None has been more ambitious in this regard than the International Criminal Court (ICC). And yet the ICC has been the object of a good deal of criticism. Some people claim it has been an expensive use of resources that might have been directed to other purposes. Others claim that its accomplishments are meager because it has managed to try and convict so few people. And many commentators and researchers claim that the Court faces an inherent tension between …
North Korea And The Madonna Of Czestochowa, Michael Donald Kirby The Honourable
North Korea And The Madonna Of Czestochowa, Michael Donald Kirby The Honourable
The University of Notre Dame Australia Law Review
No abstract provided.
Special Court For Sierra Leone: Achieving Justice?, Charles Chernor Jalloh
Special Court For Sierra Leone: Achieving Justice?, Charles Chernor Jalloh
Charles C. Jalloh
The Sierra Leone war, which lasted between 1991 and 2002, gained notoriety around the world for “blood" or "conflict" diamonds and some of the worst atrocities ever perpetrated against civilians in a modern conflict. On January 16, 2002, the United Nations and the Government of Sierra Leone signed an historic agreement to establish the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL). In setting up a new type of ad hoc criminal tribunal, the parties sought to achieve two key objectives. First, to dispense credible justice by enabling the prosecution of those bearing greatest responsibility for the wartime atrocities based on international …
International Decision, International Criminal Court, Decision On The Authorization Of An Investigation Into The Situation In The Republic Of Kenya, Charles Chernor Jalloh
International Decision, International Criminal Court, Decision On The Authorization Of An Investigation Into The Situation In The Republic Of Kenya, Charles Chernor Jalloh
Charles C. Jalloh
On March 31, 2010, in its first ever decision authorizing a prosecutorial proprio motu investigation, the Pre-Trial Chamber of the International Criminal Court (ICC) granted the ICC Prosecutor permission to investigate the shocking violence which followed Kenya’s December 2007 Presidential elections under Article 15 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. The majority of the Chamber ruled that both the contextual and underlying requirements of crimes against humanity had been fulfilled, including that they were committed as part of a state or organizational policy as required by Article7(2)(a) of the Rome Statute. According to the majority, the latter …
Africa And The International Criminal Court: Collision Course Or Cooperation?, Charles Chernor Jalloh
Africa And The International Criminal Court: Collision Course Or Cooperation?, Charles Chernor Jalloh
Charles C. Jalloh
The relationship between Africa and the International Criminal Court (ICC) was cordial for many years. However, since the decisions of the United Nations Security Council to invoke its special powers to impose the Court on Sudan and Libya, African States acting through their regional body - the African Union - have adopted numerous resolutions claiming that the ICC maybe impeding, rather than assisting, their efforts to restore peace in several ongoing conflicts and transitional situations on the continent. In this invited lecture, given as the first RJR Distinguished Visiting Professor Lecture at North Carolina Central University School of Law in …
International Decision, International Criminal Court, Judgment On The Appeal Of The Republic Of Kenya Against Pre-Trial Chamber Decision Denying Inadmissibility Of The Kenya Situation, Charles Chernor Jalloh
International Decision, International Criminal Court, Judgment On The Appeal Of The Republic Of Kenya Against Pre-Trial Chamber Decision Denying Inadmissibility Of The Kenya Situation, Charles Chernor Jalloh
Charles C. Jalloh
A fundamental pillar of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) is Article 17, which enshrines the complementarity principle – the idea that ICC jurisdiction will only be triggered when states fail to act to prosecute genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes within their national courts or in circumstances where they prove unwilling and or unable to do so. The problem is that, as shown in this case report in the American Journal of International Law on the first ICC Appeals Chamber ruling regarding a state party’s objection to the court’s assertion of jurisdiction over its nationals, …
Detention By Armed Groups Under International Law, Andrew Clapham
Detention By Armed Groups Under International Law, Andrew Clapham
International Law Studies
Does international law entitle armed groups to detain people? And what obligations are imposed on such non-state actors when they do detain? This article sets out suggested obligations for armed groups related to the right to challenge the basis for any detention and considers some related issues of fair trial and punishment. The last part of this article briefly considers the legal framework governing state responsibility and individual criminal responsibility for those that assist armed groups that detain people in ways that violate international law.
The Criminalisation Of The Intentional Destruction Of Cultural Heritage, Ana Filipa Vrdoljak
The Criminalisation Of The Intentional Destruction Of Cultural Heritage, Ana Filipa Vrdoljak
Ana Filipa Vrdoljak
This chapter examines how modern international law is protecting world heritage (‘the cultural heritage of all humanity’) by criminalising the intentional destruction of cultural heritage. In the digital age of the twenty-first century has witnessed a proliferation of deliberate acts of destruction, damaging and pillaging of World Heritage sites and their broadcasting via social media and the Internet. This chapter examines the evolving rationales for the intentional destruction of cultural heritage since the early twentieth century and international law’s response to such acts. First, there is an analysis of its initial criminalisation with the codification of the laws and customs …
State-Enabled Crimes, Rebecca Hamilton
State-Enabled Crimes, Rebecca Hamilton
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
International crimes are committed by individuals, but many – from genocide in Rwanda to torture at Abu Ghraib – would not have occurred without the integral role played by the State. This dual contribution, of individual and State, is intrinsic to the commission of what I term “State-Enabled Crimes.” Viewing international adjudication through the rubric of State-Enabled Crimes highlights a feature of the international judicial architecture that is typically taken for granted: its bifurcated structure. Notwithstanding the deep interrelationship between individual and State in the commission of State-Enabled Crimes, the international legal system adjudicates the responsibility of each under two …
Children, Diane Marie Amann
Children, Diane Marie Amann
Scholarly Works
This chapter, which appears in The Cambridge Companion to International Criminal Law (William A. Schabas ed. 2016), discusses how international criminal law instruments and institutions address crimes against and affecting children. It contrasts the absence of express attention in the post-World War II era with the multiple provisions pertaining to children in the 1998 Statute of the International Criminal Court. The chapter examines key judgments in that court and in the Special Court for Sierra Leone, as well as the ICC’s current, comprehensive approach to the effects that crimes within its jurisdiction have on children. The chapter concludes with a …
The International Law Of Torture: From Universal Proscription To Effective Application And Enforcement, Winston P. Nagan, Lucie Atkins
The International Law Of Torture: From Universal Proscription To Effective Application And Enforcement, Winston P. Nagan, Lucie Atkins
Winston P Nagan
This Article presents a comprehensive review of world torture and the efforts to eradicate it through both official and unofficial strategies of intervention, with special emphasis on the legal strategies. This Article recognizes the complexity of these strategies as they form a vast number of initiatives emerging from various elements of the international community. Part II of the Article touches on matters of definition and legal history. This enables the examination of the inherent characteristics of torture as they impact issues of governance, social control, and principles of basic respect and human dignity. Part III examines the efforts to universally …
A Theorization On Equity: Tracing Causal Responsibility For Missing Iraqi Antiquities And Piercing Official Immunity, Robert Bejesky
A Theorization On Equity: Tracing Causal Responsibility For Missing Iraqi Antiquities And Piercing Official Immunity, Robert Bejesky
Pace International Law Review
Three weeks after the U.S.-led attack on Iraq, looters descended on the artifacts in the Iraq National Museum. Over ten thousand pieces were assumed destroyed or stolen, and the Coalition Provisional Authority estimated the losses at $12 billion. The gravity of the privation led the Security Council to include language in Resolution 1483 to restrict countries from trading in Iraq’s pillaged antiquities, and the U.S. Congress passed the Emergency Protection of Iraqi Cultural Antiquities Act of 2004 to enforce the measures. Several thousand pieces were recovered, but thousands remain missing. In March 2013, Hussein ash-Shamri, the head of the Iraqi …
Arendt On The Crime Of Crimes, David Luban
Arendt On The Crime Of Crimes, David Luban
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
Genocide–-the intentional destruction of groups “as such”–-is sometimes called the “crime of crimes,” but explaining what makes it the crime of crimes is no easy task. Why are groups important over and above the individuals who make them up? Hannah Arendt tried to explain the uniqueness of genocide, but the claim of this paper is that she failed. The claim is simple, but the reasons cut deep.
Genocide, in Arendt’s view, “is an attack upon human diversity as such.” So far so good; but it is hard to square with Arendt’s highly individualistic conception of human diversity, which in her …
Restrictions On Humanitarian Aid In Darfur: The Role Of The International Criminal Court, Mominah Usmani
Restrictions On Humanitarian Aid In Darfur: The Role Of The International Criminal Court, Mominah Usmani
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
Rights And Responsibilities: What Are The Prospects For The Responsibility To Protect In The International/Transnational Arena?, Carolyn Helen Filteau
Rights And Responsibilities: What Are The Prospects For The Responsibility To Protect In The International/Transnational Arena?, Carolyn Helen Filteau
PhD Dissertations
The dissertation involves a study of the emerging international norm of ‘The Responsibility to Protect’ which states that citizens must be protected in cases of human atrocities, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and genocide where states have failed or are unable to do so. According to the work of the International Commission on the Responsibility to Protect (ICISS), this response can and should span a continuum involving prevention, a response to the violence, when and if necessary, and ultimately rebuilding shattered societies. The most controversial aspect, however, is that of forceful intervention and much of the thesis focuses on this aspect. …