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Articles 241 - 263 of 263
Full-Text Articles in Law
Rationalizing The Constitution: The Military Commissions Act And The Duboius Legacy Of Ex Parte Quirin, Chad Deveaux
Rationalizing The Constitution: The Military Commissions Act And The Duboius Legacy Of Ex Parte Quirin, Chad Deveaux
Akron Law Review
Alexander Hamilton famously characterized the Judiciary as the “least dangerous” branch. It “has no influence over either the sword or the purse” and thus “must ultimately depend upon the aid of the executive arm even for the efficacy of its judgments.” But this perceived safeguard has sometimes proven to be the institution’s undoing. Faced with the prospect of appearing impotent, the Supreme Court has, on occasion, played the role of doctrinal apologist. The Court has bent seemingly immutable constitutional prerogatives to sanction Executive action when a contrary ruling would likely go unheeded.
Wilson V. Wilson: The Effect Of Qdros On Appealing Divorce Decrees, Joshua A. Dean
Wilson V. Wilson: The Effect Of Qdros On Appealing Divorce Decrees, Joshua A. Dean
Akron Law Review
In most divorces today, the largest asset held by the divorcing couple is a retirement fund belonging to one of the spouses. Courts invery state must decide how to divide a married couple’s property in order to provide each spouse his or her proper share. But when there are no assets large enough to offset the value of the retirement pension, divorce courts must find a way to “equitably distribute” the proceeds of the plan. Dealing with this large asset presented problems in the past as Congress sought to limit the ability to assign proceeds of retirement plans to anyone …
A Comparison Of Laws In The Phillipines, The U.S.A., Taiwan, And Belarus To Regulate The Mail-Order Bride Industry, Roxanne Sims
A Comparison Of Laws In The Phillipines, The U.S.A., Taiwan, And Belarus To Regulate The Mail-Order Bride Industry, Roxanne Sims
Akron Law Review
The mail-order bride industry has existed since the early twentieth century, although the idea of women advertising themselves for marriage may seem unusual and extraordinary to some people. Mail-order brides became increasingly popular as male immigrant workers who settled in the United States sought wives from their home countries. People referred to these women as “picture brides,” and relatives frequently participated in arranging the marriages. However, the mail-order bride industry has changed significantly over the past century, with international marriage brokers (IMBs) currently operating all over the world. IMBs recruit prospective mail-order brides from their home countries via advertisements in …
The American Suppression Of The African Slave Trade: Lessons On Legal Change, Social Policy, And Legislation, Paul Finkelman
The American Suppression Of The African Slave Trade: Lessons On Legal Change, Social Policy, And Legislation, Paul Finkelman
Akron Law Review
In 1807 the United States Congress passed legislation, which became effective on January 1, 1808, to end all importations of slaves into the United States. Even before that date, Congress had passed a series of laws that prevented Americans from participating in the trade as sailors, ship captains, ship owners, ship builders, or investors in slave trading ventures. The bicentennial of the closing of the trade to the United States provides an appropriate moment to examine how the United States withdrew from this form of commerce. At one level the tale is inspiring. This was the first time in history …
The Right To Silence As Protecting Mental Control, Dov Fox
The Right To Silence As Protecting Mental Control, Dov Fox
Akron Law Review
This Article examines the idea that individuals have a moral and constitutional right of control over the use of their thoughts vis-à-vis the state. As a point of departure, I consider the prospect of a forensic neuroimaging device that was capable of eliciting recall and recognition from a criminal suspect without the suspect’s having even to answer an interrogator’s question. Reflection on government access to this sort of interrogation technique suggests that the state should be prohibited from either extracting a person’s thoughts without her consent or making use of her compelled thoughts to lay criminal blame upon her. Though …
Law And The Revolution In Neuroscience: An Early Look At The Field, Henry T. Greely
Law And The Revolution In Neuroscience: An Early Look At The Field, Henry T. Greely
Akron Law Review
Several of the articles in this symposium consider different aspects of the intersection of neuroscience and testing for deception. Professor Joelle Moreno’s article provides an important philosophic link for those thinking about the role of the academy in evaluating novel scientific evidence such as neuroscience. Noting that “profound validity questions divide cognitive neuroscientists,” Professor Moreno cautions against ready admission of cognitive neuroscience evidence, recognizing that the images presented may be far more persuasive to judges and juries than they legitimately should be. Quoting studies on the effect of neuroscience evidence in forming opinions, she reminds readers that cognitive neuroscience evidence …
Foreword To The Neuroscience, Law & Government Symposium, Jane Campbell Moriarty
Foreword To The Neuroscience, Law & Government Symposium, Jane Campbell Moriarty
Akron Law Review
It is with much pleasure that I write the foreword for this Symposium in the Akron Law Review. The authors were each presenters at the Neuroscience, Law & Government Conference, held at The University of Akron School of Law in September, 2008. The articles in this edition of Akron Law Review are as diverse as the presentations themselves, and provide a fascinating glimpse into various ways in which neuroscience is making inroads in both law and government. The explosion of neuroscience and neuroimaging discoveries this decade is nothing short of remarkable, leading one prominent scientist to term the last several …
Why "Privileges Or Immunities"? An Explanation Of The Framers' Intent, William J. Rich
Why "Privileges Or Immunities"? An Explanation Of The Framers' Intent, William J. Rich
Akron Law Review
In the Slaughter-House Cases, Justice Field accused the majority of turning the Fourteenth Amendment’s Privileges or Immunities Clause into a “vain and idle enactment which accomplished nothing,” and Justice Swayne argued that the majority “turn[ed] . . . what was meant for bread into a stone.” Most contemporary commentators appear to agree... Did the framers of the Fourteenth Amendment make a colossal mistake? Or were Justices Field and Swayne correct when they blamed Justice Miller’s majority opinion in Slaughter-House for leading the nation astray? Answers to these questions, in the pages that follow, are “no” to the first, and a …
The Union As It Wasn't And The Constitution As It Isn't: Section Five And Altering The Balance Of Powers, Elizabeth Reilly
The Union As It Wasn't And The Constitution As It Isn't: Section Five And Altering The Balance Of Powers, Elizabeth Reilly
Akron Law Review
This article argues that in reconstituting that Union, the 39th Congress and the Fourteenth Amendment not only altered the fundamental structural principles of the relationship between the states and the national government and the responsibility of government to protect individual liberties. It argues that the original structural alignment of national powers and the boundaries of their respective spheres were also, of necessity and by understanding, recast as well.
The Legacy Of Slaughterhouse, Bradwell, And Cruikshank In Constitutional Interpretation, Wilson R. Huhn
The Legacy Of Slaughterhouse, Bradwell, And Cruikshank In Constitutional Interpretation, Wilson R. Huhn
Akron Law Review
The conclusions that the Court drew about the meaning of the 14th Amendment shortly after its adoption were contrary to the intent of the framers of that Amendment and a betrayal of the sacrifices which had been made by the people of that period. In each case, the Court perverted the meaning of the Constitution in ways that reverberate down to the present day...In these cases the Court ruled upon several critical aspects of 14th Amendment jurisprudence, including (1) Whether the 14th Amendment prohibits the States from interfering with our fundamental rights; (2) How the equality of different groups should …
The 39th Congress (1865-1867) And The 14th Amendment: Some Preliminary Perspectives, Richard L. Aynes
The 39th Congress (1865-1867) And The 14th Amendment: Some Preliminary Perspectives, Richard L. Aynes
Akron Law Review
This article is a preliminary effort to tell the story of the people who brought the nation the 14th Amendment, the 39th Congress...I want to suggest that when someone creates the Hall of Fame of the Congresses we need to include the 39th Congress.
Infinite Hope - Introduction To The Symposium: The 140th Anniversary Of The Fourteenth Amendment, Elizabeth Reilly
Infinite Hope - Introduction To The Symposium: The 140th Anniversary Of The Fourteenth Amendment, Elizabeth Reilly
Akron Law Review
This symposium celebrates the 140th anniversary of ratification. The anniversary provides us with a fruitful occasion to reflect upon the meaning of the Amendment to its Framers in Congress and as it was initially interpreted by the United States Supreme Court and the public, and to examine the lasting impacts of both conceptions...Therefore, our participants explicitly discuss applying their understanding of history to the modern implications of the Fourteenth Amendment and current law. Understanding the Amendment, especially because of its early reception by the Court, requires looking at law, history, political science, and sociology, among other disciplines, to try to …
Exxon Shipping Co. V. Baker: Why The Supreme Court Missed The Boat On Punitive Damages, Maria C. Klutinoty
Exxon Shipping Co. V. Baker: Why The Supreme Court Missed The Boat On Punitive Damages, Maria C. Klutinoty
Akron Law Review
This Note will touch upon the numerous constitutional challenges the doctrine of punitive damages has faced, and will discuss noteworthy Supreme Court cases preceding Exxon Shipping Co. v. Baker at length, including BMW of North America, Inc. v. Gore, 5 as well as State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. v. Campbell. 6 This Note argues against the imposition of a strict one-to-one maximum ratio of punitiveto-compensatory damages. In light of the varying application of Exxon outside of the maritime context, such an imposition defeats the purpose of punitive damages by diluting their potential for deterrence, and it needlessly complicates the …
The Timing Of Facial Challenges, Timothy Sandefur
The Timing Of Facial Challenges, Timothy Sandefur
Akron Law Review
My purpose here is to separate out the different conceptual categories whose overlap has led to these mistakes. In brief, the facial/as-applied distinction has nothing to do with the accrual or ripeness of a cause of action challenging the constitutionality of a law. The accrual date of facial and as-applied challenges is identical (with some exceptions, as we shall see), and mere enactment is rarely, if ever, the ripening event or the moment of accrual for a case in which a party mounts a facial challenge to a law. The distinction between facial and as-applied challenges is, so to speak, …
Jon & Kate Plus The State: Why Congress Should Protect Children In Reality Programming, Dayna B. Royal
Jon & Kate Plus The State: Why Congress Should Protect Children In Reality Programming, Dayna B. Royal
Akron Law Review
One is forced to wonder whether any laws exist to protect minors whose personal lives are laid bare as their own parents thrust them into the paparazzi’s spotlight. This article addresses this question, considering the best legal regime for regulating employment of children in reality programming, and suggesting an alternative to the status quo. To that end, Part II begins by identifying the various harms reality programming causes, arguing that participating in reality programming is detrimental both to the individual children who participate and to society in general. Part III surveys the current legal landscape, addressing first the federal law …
The Challenge And Dilemma Of Charting A Course To Constitutionally Protect The Severely Mentally Ill Capital Defendant From The Death Penalty, Lyn Entzeroth
Akron Law Review
This article examines these issues in the context of an important and emerging constitutional challenge to the death penalty: whether the death penalty can be imposed on capital defendants who suffer from severe mental illness at the time of the commission of their crimes. The American Bar Association, the American Psychiatric Association, the American Psychological Association, and the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill all endorse a death penalty exemption for the severely mentally ill. Recent law review articles suggest that such an exemption may even be compelled by the Supreme Court’s decisions in Roper v. Simmons and Atkins v. …
Revival: Toward A Formal Neutrality Approach To Economic Development Transfers To Religious Institutions, Ryan A. Doringo
Revival: Toward A Formal Neutrality Approach To Economic Development Transfers To Religious Institutions, Ryan A. Doringo
Akron Law Review
Part I of this Note explores the contours of the complicated history of the Establishment Clause by examining the creation of the Lemon test and the inconsistencies of the test’s subsequent application. The Note then explores Justice O’Connor’s endorsement modification to that test. Part I concludes with a discussion of the Supreme Court’s move toward embracing a principle formal neutrality. Part II provides a factual history of the transfer at issue and a detailed summary of the District Court’s opinion in Wirtz. Part III of the Note explains that the Constitution does not preclude economic development transfers to religious institutions. …
Judging In A Vacuum, Or, Once More, Without Feeling: How Justice Scalia's Jurisprudential Approach Repeats Errors Made In Plessy V. Ferguson, Chris Edelson
Akron Law Review
James Fleming argues that “[Justice Clarence] Thomas’s concurrence in Adarand and dissent in Grutter reflect the Plessy worldview.” I argue in Part V of this article that Justice Antonin Scalia follows the Plessy approach in several of his dissenting opinions. One of this article’s goals is to explain these incongruencies—how can it be that each of these Justices believes he is true to the legacy of Brown, but is inadvertently adopting the reasoning used by the majority in Plessy? The key to resolving this paradox depends on identifying precisely how Plessy went wrong in its reasoning and how Brown corrected …
The Fourteenth Amendment And The Unconstitutionality Of Secession, Daniel A. Farber
The Fourteenth Amendment And The Unconstitutionality Of Secession, Daniel A. Farber
Akron Law Review
To understand fully the relevance of the first two clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment to secession, we need to examine the antebellum disputes about citizenship and sovereignty, the subject of Part II below. Issues about citizenship arose in the context of specific disputes about naturalization, expatriation, and the rights of freedmen, but they implicated conflicts over the seat of allegiance and the nature of the Union. Part III turns to the Reconstruction debates and shows how they reflect a fundamentally nationalistic view of citizenship. The Reconstruction Amendments to the Constitution were connected with a powerful vision of national citizenship and …
Secession And Breach Of Compact: The Law Of Nature Meets The United States Constitution, Stephen C. Neff
Secession And Breach Of Compact: The Law Of Nature Meets The United States Constitution, Stephen C. Neff
Akron Law Review
This discussion will briefly outline the legal arguments in favour of the secessionist position. The first section will survey four arguments that could, in theory, have been employed but which, in practice, were used either not at all or only marginally. The second section will survey, in greater detail, the principal argument which was advanced in 1860-61: that secession was a lawful remedy available to the Southern states in the face of material breaches of the Constitutional compact of 1787 by the free states. It will be observed that, in this argument, general considerations of natural law and of the …
James Madison And The Constitution's "Convention For Proposing Amendments", Robert G. Natelson
James Madison And The Constitution's "Convention For Proposing Amendments", Robert G. Natelson
Akron Law Review
The last of the limited-subject interstate gatherings is today the most famous. The Annapolis Convention of 1786 was to focus on “the trade and Commerce of the United States.” Its limited scope induced Madison, who served as a delegate, explicitly to distinguish it from a plenipotentiary convention. For the most part, all of these conventions—today we might call them “task forces”—remained within the scope of their calls. If there was an exception, it was the abortive assembly at Annapolis, and that exception was solely to express the “wish” and “opinion” that another convention be held to consider defects in the …
Still Too Close To Call? Rethinking Stampp's "The Concept Of A Perpetual Union", Daniel W. Hamilton
Still Too Close To Call? Rethinking Stampp's "The Concept Of A Perpetual Union", Daniel W. Hamilton
Akron Law Review
In a classic article in the Journal of American History, which was based on his presidential address to the Organization of American Historians in 1978, the great Civil War historian Kenneth Stampp made the claim that the arguments in favor of the constitutionality of secession made by the Southern states were as strong, if not stronger than the constitutional arguments made, then and now, in opposition to secession. Stampp is to my mind the greatest Civil War historian of the 20th century and his views on secession remain required reading and are cited routinely today. This is not to say …
Finding Nino: Justice Scalia's Confrontation Clause Legacy From Its (Glorious) Beginning To (Bitter) End, Joëlle Anne Moreno Professor
Finding Nino: Justice Scalia's Confrontation Clause Legacy From Its (Glorious) Beginning To (Bitter) End, Joëlle Anne Moreno Professor
Akron Law Review
Until very recently, Justice Scalia has steered the Court’s modern confrontation jurisprudence. However, as discussed below, his leadership is increasingly threatened by deep divisions on questions of historical accuracy, constitutional interpretation, and the practical realities of twenty-first century criminal prosecutions.