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Full-Text Articles in Law
Punishment But Not A Penalty? Punitive Damages Are Impermissible Under Foreign Substantive Law, Paul A. Hoversten
Punishment But Not A Penalty? Punitive Damages Are Impermissible Under Foreign Substantive Law, Paul A. Hoversten
Michigan Law Review
It is a well-established principle that no court applies the penal laws of another sovereign. But what exactly is a penal law? According to Judge Cardozo, a penal law effects “vindication of the public justice” rather than “reparation to one aggrieved.” Although courts have historically treated punitive damages as a purely civil remedy, that attitude has shifted over time. Modern American punitive damages serve not to compensate the plaintiff but to punish the defendant on behalf of the whole community. Therefore, when courts rely on foreign substantive law to impose punitive damages, they arguably violate the well-established principle that no …
Beyond Carve-Outs And Toward Reliance: A Normative Framework For Cross-Border Insolvency Choice Of Law, John A. E. Pottow
Beyond Carve-Outs And Toward Reliance: A Normative Framework For Cross-Border Insolvency Choice Of Law, John A. E. Pottow
Articles
The title of this Article purports to develop a normative framework for cross-border insolvency choice of law. That can be a task of varying scope, so at the outset any pretense of ambition for a wholly new choice of law model should be dispelled. Indeed, at the most generalized level, bankruptcy choice of law theory has already been fully ventilated in the well-rehearsed universalism versus territorialism debates. And it has been settled. The universalists, at least as a normative matter, appear to have won: choice of law, as it is increasingly accepted, should be determined by the debtor's center of …
Aggregation And Choice Of Law, Edward H. Cooper
Aggregation And Choice Of Law, Edward H. Cooper
Articles
This is more a conversational gambit than an article. I address a question at the intersection of procedure and choice of law, speaking as a proceduralist rather than a choice-of-law scholar. The question - which may be two questions - addresses the potential interdependence of procedural aggregation devices and choice of law. One part of the question is whether aggregation can justifiably change the choice of law made for some part of an aggregated proceeding. The other part is whether choice-of-law principles can be adapted to facilitate procedurally desirable aggregation. Answers may be sought either in abstract theory or in …
The Myth (And Realities) Of Forum Shopping In Transnational Insolvency, John A. E. Pottow
The Myth (And Realities) Of Forum Shopping In Transnational Insolvency, John A. E. Pottow
Articles
A decade ago, in 1996, the landscape of transnational insolvencies was vastly different from today. The UNCITRAL Model Law had not been finished, the efforts at the E.U. Insolvency Treaty were jeopardized by mad cows, and no one had heard of Chapter 15. Now, all three universalist projects are up and running, putting universalism in a comfortable state of ascendancy. The paradigm has not been without critics, however, the most persistent and eloquent of which has been Professor Lynn LoPucki. LoPucki has periodically attacked universalism on a number of grounds. These grievances include a sovereigntist complaint of universalism's insensitivity to …
Greed And Pride In International Bankruptcy: The Problems Of And Proposed Solutions To 'Local Interests', John A. E. Pottow
Greed And Pride In International Bankruptcy: The Problems Of And Proposed Solutions To 'Local Interests', John A. E. Pottow
Articles
The collapses of Yukos, Parmalat, and other international juggernauts have focused scholarly attention on the failure of multinational enterprises. Even what one might consider "American" companies, such as Chicago-based United Airlines, have made clear in their restructuring plans that their operations have profound effects on the dozens of nations around the globe where they transact business. Government and quasi-government reform efforts to regulate these cross-border insolvencies have abounded, including among others, the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency. UNCITRAL is also building on World Bank and INSOL efforts at promulgating a Legislative Guide for "best practices" bankruptcy codes. Scholars vary …
Procedural Incrementalism: A Model For International Bankruptcy, John A. E. Pottow
Procedural Incrementalism: A Model For International Bankruptcy, John A. E. Pottow
Articles
The headline-grabbing business failures of late have brought increased attention to the relatively unresolved area of multinational bankruptcies. Parmalat, Global Crossing, and United Airlines are among the few international juggernauts that have foundered. In the financial meltdowns of these cross-border institutions, assets and creditors are dispersed throughout commercial environments that rarely end neatly at national borders. There has been heated debate, both in scholarly literature and the practical battlefield, over how best to resolve these transnational insolvencies, and there is nothing yet approaching a consensus. Reform efforts of various stripes have almost uniformly failed to gain meaningful international support. At …
A Solution To The Yahoo! Problem? The Ec E-Commerce Directive As A Model For International Cooperation On Internet Choice Of Law, Mark F. Kightlinger
A Solution To The Yahoo! Problem? The Ec E-Commerce Directive As A Model For International Cooperation On Internet Choice Of Law, Mark F. Kightlinger
Michigan Journal of International Law
Instead of attacking or defending the French or the U.S. courts, this Article proposes to focus on the Yahoo! case from a different perspective. As is argued in Section III.D below, disputes like the Yahoo! case over which country's laws apply to a website and its operator seem likely to proliferate as Internet usage expands, demanding significant enforcement resources from countries and posing important compliance challenges for companies and other organizations operating on the Internet. Thus, it may be useful to consider developing an international agreement that would address, and in many instances resolve, such disputes about "jurisdiction to prescribe” …
Choosing Law In Cyberspace: Copyright Conflicts On Global Networks, Andreas P. Reindl
Choosing Law In Cyberspace: Copyright Conflicts On Global Networks, Andreas P. Reindl
Michigan Journal of International Law
This article contends that in the digital era, the current system of national, territorially limited copyright laws requires a flexible copyright choice of law regime. To promote certainty and predictability in the choosing of the copyright law applicable to acts of exploitation, choice of law rules should use the location of a user as the principal factor to determine the applicable copyright law. In appropriate circumstances, the choice of law rules should allow the application of a multitude of national copyright laws to single acts of use on digital networks. This article also argues that a broad application of flexible …
Choosing Law With An Eye On The Prize, Russell J. Weintraub
Choosing Law With An Eye On The Prize, Russell J. Weintraub
Michigan Journal of International Law
Review of Choice of Law and Multistate Justice by Friedrich K. Juenger
Interstate Consolidation: A Comparison Of The Ali Project With The Uniform Transfer Of Litigation Act (American Law Institute Complex Litigation Project: A Symposium, In Memoriam Donald Theodore Trautman), Edward H. Cooper
Articles
The Uniform Transfer of Litigation Act (UTLA) was undertaken for purposes simpler than the mass consolidation of multiparty, multiforum litigation. It seeks to create an effective tool that can be used to reduce some of the artificial barriers that tradition has erected around the sovereign separateness of the many different court systems in this country. The fact of separate sovereignty must be recognized, however, and to this end consent of both transferring and receiving courts is required. Within the consent requirement, transfer from the court system of one sovereign to the court system of another can improve on present practices …
Choice Of Law In Secured Personal Property Transactions: The Impact Of Article 9 Of The Uniform Commercial Code, Russell J. Weintraub
Choice Of Law In Secured Personal Property Transactions: The Impact Of Article 9 Of The Uniform Commercial Code, Russell J. Weintraub
Michigan Law Review
It is likely that, in view of the adoption in forty-nine states of the Uniform Commercial Code (Code), particularly of article 9 dealing with secured transactions, the incidence of interstate conflict-of- laws problems concerning commercial transactions in personal property will be greatly reduced. The reason for this anticipated reduction is that the Code creates uniformity in the applicable law governing the rights and duties both between the secured creditor and the debtor and between the secured creditor and third parties who challenge the secured creditor's right to enjoy his security interest.
Conflict Of Laws-Public Policy Used To Apply Forum Law To Joint Bank Accounts Of Foreign-Domiciliaries Wyatt V. Fulrath, Michigan Law Review
Conflict Of Laws-Public Policy Used To Apply Forum Law To Joint Bank Accounts Of Foreign-Domiciliaries Wyatt V. Fulrath, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
The Duke and Duchess of Arion, nationals and domiciliaries of Spain, neither of whom had ever been to New York, deposited community property consisting of cash and securities in several New York banks. In establishing these accounts, the Duke and Duchess either expressly agreed in writing that the New York law of survivorship would apply to their accounts or signed standard bank survivorship forms which incorporated the survivorship laws of that state. After her husband's death, the Duchess made the entire amount on deposit in New York subject to her will. Following the Duchess' death and during probate of her …
An Inquiry Into The Utility Of "Domicile" As A Concept In Conflicts Analysis, Russell J. Weintraub
An Inquiry Into The Utility Of "Domicile" As A Concept In Conflicts Analysis, Russell J. Weintraub
Michigan Law Review
No attempt is made here to conduct an exhaustive case study of any one particular area in which the concept of "domicile" is used as a tool for analysis in the conflict of laws. A number of thorough and useful studies have been made in narrow areas and are cited at appropriate places in the body of this article. Instead, this article will review the use of "domicile" in analyzing certain typical conflicts problems, particularly its use as the contact or pointing word in choice of law rules concerning the testate and intestate distribution of movables, and, as is newly …
The Qualitative Governmental Interest Analysis: New York's Conflict Of Laws Rules In Transition-George V. Douglas Aircraft , Co., Michigan Law Review
The Qualitative Governmental Interest Analysis: New York's Conflict Of Laws Rules In Transition-George V. Douglas Aircraft , Co., Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
The traditional choice of law rule for torts is that the law of the place of wrong is determinative of all substantive issues. This rule has been frequently criticized and has been rejected by the Restatement (Second), Conflict of Laws, and by a few courts, particularly those of New York. The successor to the traditional approach, however, has not been determined. Under the view of the Restatement (Second), the applicable substantive law is that law of the state which has the most significant relationship with the occurrence and with the parties. Although a qualitative approach would seem possible under …
Babcock V. Jackson: The Transition From The Lex Loci Delicti Rule To The Dominant Contacts Approach, Arthur M. Sherwood
Babcock V. Jackson: The Transition From The Lex Loci Delicti Rule To The Dominant Contacts Approach, Arthur M. Sherwood
Michigan Law Review
This comment will examine the lex loci delicti rule and the judicial transition from it to the new "dominant contacts" approach enunciated in Babcock, with some attempt to consider unresolved difficulties in the newer approach to choice of tort law.
Currie: Selected Essays On The Conflict Of Laws, Elliott E. Cheatham
Currie: Selected Essays On The Conflict Of Laws, Elliott E. Cheatham
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Selected Essays on the Conflict of Laws. By Brainerd Currie.
Federal Courts - Choice Of Law Application Of Federal Law To Government Subcontract In Federal Diversity Case, H. C. Snyder Jr.
Federal Courts - Choice Of Law Application Of Federal Law To Government Subcontract In Federal Diversity Case, H. C. Snyder Jr.
Michigan Law Review
Defendant obtained a government missile contract, and plaintiff was subcontracted to manufacture containers for the missiles. When certain changes in elements of the containers were ordered by the Government, plaintiff demanded an "equitable adjustment" from defendant pursuant to the terms of the subcontract. Defendant paid only the costs of effecting the necessary changes. Plaintiff instituted this suit in federal district court alleging diversity of citizenship and demanding that the adjustment include, as allowed by California law, compensation for overhead losses caused by a partial work stoppage during the delay in effecting the changes. The district court characterized the contract as …
Fifth Series Of Thomas M. Cooley Lectures, Michigan Law Review
Fifth Series Of Thomas M. Cooley Lectures, Michigan Law Review
Michigan Law Review
The fifth series of Thomas M. Cooley Lectures will be given on April 15, 16, and 17 at 4:15 p.m. in Room 120, Hutchins Hall, University of Michigan Law School. The lecturer will be Professor Hessel E. Yntema of the University of Michigan Law School faculty. He will speak on the general subject, "Perspectives in Conflicts Law."
An Interim Account On Comparative Conflicts Law, Ernst Rabel
An Interim Account On Comparative Conflicts Law, Ernst Rabel
Michigan Law Review
Under the sponsorship of the American "Law Institute and subsequently of the University of Michigan, with the efficient assistance of the Faculty, notably of Hessel E. Yntema as editor, I published the first volume of a work on conflicts law in 1945. A second volume has just followed, after a long delay caused by the vicissitudes of postwar printing. The greater part of a third volume has been readied in the meantime, but its date of publication is not yet fixed.
The task consists in surveying the existing and proposed conflicts rules of the world and in ascertaining their background, …
Torts In The Conflict Of Laws, Moffatt Hancock
Torts In The Conflict Of Laws, Moffatt Hancock
Michigan Legal Studies Series
There has been in recent years a marked development of interest in the diversities of laws and their attendant conflicts. While modern facilities of communication accelerate the spread of culture and thus augment the need of uniformity in the laws affecting commerce, they also reveal the significance of local needs, customs, and legal institutions. Indeed, it would seem that multiplication of jurisdictions and progressive diversification of laws in both space and subject matter is an unavoidable concomitant of increasing specialization in the international, interstate, or local economy. If these circumstances serve to justify the perennial effort to simplify the law, …