Law Commons^™

Balancing The Scales: Adhuc Sub Judice Li Est Or Trial By Media, Casey J. Cooper

Casey J Cooper

The right to freedom of expression and free press is recognized under almost all major human rights instruments and domestic legal systems—common and civil—in the world. However, what do you do when a fundamental right conflicts with another equally fundamental right, like the right to a fair trial? In the United States, the freedom of speech, encompassing the freedom of the press, goes nearly unfettered: the case is not the same for other common law countries. In light of cultural and historic facts, institutional factors, modern realities, and case-law, this Article contends that current American jurisprudence does not take into …

Ttip Call For Papers In E&L 2015, Michele Faioli

Michele Faioli

The Scuola Europea di Relazioni Industriali – SERI is pleased to announce a call for papers for the monographic part of one of the 2015 issues of “Economia&Lavoro”, Fondazione Giacomo Brodolini’s four-monthly journal published by Carocci.

2014 Seri Outreach - Eremo Monte Giove May 30-31, 2014, Michele Faioli

Michele Faioli

No abstract provided.

Dynamics Of Democracy : Administrative Law And The Process Of Institutional Changes In Taiwan, Cheng-Yi Huang

Cheng-Yi Huang

No abstract provided.

Democracy, Law And Global Finance: A Legal And Institutional Perspective, Tamara Lothian

Tamara Lothian

Finance has become more a problem than a solution to what the world most wants: socially inclusive growth. It has become a source of crises that threaten the development of the real economy. It has escaped accountability to democratic institutions and often helped, instead, to influence and corrupt them. Its potential to contribute to broad-based opportunity-expanding growth has been largely and massively squandered.

In this piece I seek to understand not only how this failure manifests itself in some of the major countries and regions of the world, but also, how it can be corrected.

The intellectual and policy response …

“A Pointless Legal Revolution? Constitutional Supremacy And Eu Membership In Spain, 1978-2014”, Antonio-Carlos Pereira-Menaut

antonio-carlos pereira-menaut

This topic belongs to history. After Franco’s death (1975) Spain embarked on a ‘legal revolution’ that, if pressed to its extremes, could be hardly compatible with European integration. Understandably, the Spaniards throve to create not just a new constitution but also a whole new legal order, with the following traits:

First, legal monism, and pyramid-like shape. Second, every legally relevant thing should be traceable back to the Constitution, that would legitimate and pervade all laws, by-laws, decrees, orders, administrative acts and judicial rulings. Ideally, every law, act or verdict would be but a development of the Constitution. Third, the border …

Preventing Cold War: Militarization In The Southernmost Continent And The Antarctic Treaty System's Fading Effectiveness, Dillon A. Redding

Dillon A Redding

This note argues that the preservation of Antarctica for peaceful research and internationally cooperative activity as envisioned originally by the Antarctic Treaty in 1961 has gone unrealized amid growing international interest in the strategic advantages offered by Antarctica, including the possibility of large swathes of mineral deposits and optimal locations for satellite stations. Part 1 describes the motivations behind the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) and outlines the relevant provisions of the Antarctic Treaty. Part 2 examines the military advantages to a state presence in Antarctica and the ways in which the ATS allows for such a presence to be carried …

Cuba And China: A Comparative Study Of Digital Oppression, Katharine M. Villalobos

Katharine M. Villalobos

The Digital Age has introduced a new form of expression that totalitarian states are struggling to silence. With social sharing websites like Twitter and Youtube, political dissidents living under oppressive governments can expose governmental abuse to web-users worldwide in a matter of seconds. However, while digital media has proved more difficult to control than traditional, non-electronic media, dictatorships like Cuba and China are resolved to prevent its inhabitants from freely using and expressing themselves on the Internet—even if that means violating their obligations as signatories of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).

Both Cuba and China are …

Contract Resurrected! Contract Formation: Common Law ~ Ucc ~ Cisg, Sarah H. Jenkins

Sarah H Jenkins

Contract Resurrected!

After the promulgation of the Restatement (Second) of the Law of Contracts with its expanded theory of Section 90, quasi-contract and promissory estoppel were hailed as the only theories needed for recovery. Contract was dead! This was the dominant prospective regarding the continued efficacy of contract and contract law. The contract theorists were wrong. The mushrooming global interdependency among nations demands legal rules and principles to govern exchanges between businesses and reaffirms the value of contract as a juridical tool. The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods as a recent promulgation reaffirms the …

Abortion In South Africa And The United States: An Integrative, Contrastive Comparative Analysis Of The Effect Of Legal And Cultural Influences On Implementation Of Abortion Rights, Danielle Y. Blanks

Danielle Y Blanks

Despite similarly progressive abortion rights laws, women in South Africa and the U.S. experience completely different levels of access to legal and safe abortions. In this paper, I will seek to explain the reasons for this disparity by describing the ways in which natural law has influenced the application of law in the U.S. and South Africa while examining the role of cultural values in the realization of abortion rights. I will take an integrative approach to explain ideological similarities and a contrastive approach to denote the cultural differences that have led to a de facto marginalization of South African …

China's State Capitalism And World Trade Law, Ming Du

Michael Ming Du

Melding the power of the state with the power of capitalism, state‐owned and state-controlled enterprises continue to control the commanding heights of the Chinese economy even though market-oriented reforms have led to a rapid expansion of the private sector in China. This article reflects on how China’s practice of state capitalism challenges the world trading system and how WTO law, as interpreted by WTO Panels and the WTO Appellate Body (AB), addresses these challenges. The article concludes that the WTO Agreement on Subsides and Countervailing Measures (SCM Agreement) have been interpreted in such a manner that many key features of …

Remaking Mexico: Law Reform As Foreign Policy, Deborah M. Weissman

Deborah M. Weissman

This article, Remaking Mexico: Law Reform as Foreign Policy examines the practice of promoting rule of law programs abroad as a matter of a foreign policy subgenre. It argues that U.S. law reform projects as foreign aid conditionalities preempt the political discourse from substantive debates about justice systems. The arguments are developed through an assessment of the Mérida Initiative (also known as Plan México) which is a product of U.S. policy efforts to shape the legal systems of select foreign countries. The article reviews the circumstances in Mexico as they relate to U.S. efforts to export law and legal systems. …

Las Patologías Y Los Remedios En Los Acuerdos De Una Persona Jurídica Sin Fines De Lucro ¿Es La Impugnación Un Remedio Autónomo?, Jimmy J. Ronquillo Pascual

Jimmy J. Ronquillo Pascual

El autor refiere que en la doctrina y en la jurisprudencia existen posiciones disímiles respecto a la interpretación del remedio contenido en el artículo 92 del Código Civil. Así, una postura considera que tal artículo contiene un remedio especial denominado “impugnación” para cuestionar tanto la nulidad y la anulabilidad, en tanto que la otra sostiene que existe un tercer remedio de invalidez negocial distinto a los mencionados. En ese contexto, plantea una tercera posición: el referido artículo recoge el remedio de la anulabilidad, pero –teniendo en cuenta el plazo para poder incoarlo– sería una anulabilidad especial.

Diffrence Plea Bargain Between Iran And The U.S. Civil Law, Mohamad Ali Ali Yousefkhani Mr

Mohamad Ali Ali Yousefkhani

these days the main things between parties obligations is that they can proof their rights by using documents and Judges detections,Therefore in this article we want to follow The U.S and Iran laws in Plea bargains.

The Time Has Not Yet Come To Repair The World In The Kingdom Of God: Israeli Lawyers And The Failed Jewish Legal Revolution Of 1948, Assaf Likhovski

Assaf Likhovski

At certain moments in Israel's legal history, Jewish lawyers were forced to choose between their commitment to the professional interests of their guild and their commitment to Jewish nationalism. This dilemma was especially apparent in the debates surrounding what can be called the failed Jewish legal revolution of 1948, when Israeli lawyers had to decide whether they wanted to maintain the legal status quo by retaining the legal system that Israel inherited from the British rulers of Palestine, or whether this legal system would be replaced by one that was connected in some way to Jewish law (the Halakha). What …

The Abolition Of The Mandatory Death Penalty In The Commonwealth: Recent Developments From India And Bangladesh, Andrew Novak

Andrew Novak

India and Bangladesh are following the Commonwealth-wide trend toward discretionary death penalty regimes and away from the common law mandatory death penalty. This case note analyzes three recent decisions of the Supreme Court of India and the Bangladesh Appellate Division invalidating mandatory death sentences.

Andrew Novak is an adjunct professor of law at American University Washington College of Law, and an adjunct professor of criminology, law, and society at George Mason University. He is the author of The Global Decline of the Mandatory Death Penalty: Comparative Jurisprudence and Legislative Reform in Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean (Ashgate 2014) and The …

Law And Finance: The Case Of Stock Market Development In China, Zhong Zhang Dr

Zhong Zhang Dr

In just over 2 decades China has developed a stock market that is now one of the biggest in the world. This is puzzling, considering that law in general and investor protection in particular in China is widely regarded as weak. However, a thorough examination reveals that, far from being a counterexample, the case of China lends strong support to the “law matters”’ thesis. Granted, investor protection counted for little during the rapid growth of the market before mid-2001. But by the early 2000s, outrageous securities frauds had become endemic, bringing the market to a serious crisis. Faced with a …

Expert Seminar The Employment Relationship Beyond Eu And Across National Borders - Challenges And Responses Tuesday 11 March 2014, 09.15-16.00, Michele Faioli

Michele Faioli

No abstract provided.

The Discrimination Between National And Foreign Investors In The Lebanese Corporate Law, Khodr Fakih

khodr fakih

A country that treats foreign and domestic investors alike in regards to commercial dealings motivates foreign investors to play a fundamental role in stimulating economy in such country. However, non-discriminatory treatment is sometimes undesirable from the perspective of public policy. Most national laws provide certain measures of discriminating between foreign and domestic investors in order to give its citizens more privileges and advantages over foreign investors. This is applicable in the Lebanese Commercial legal system. This paper discusses the discrimination that is implemented by the Lebanese Commercial Law between Lebanese and non-Lebanese investors specifically in regards to commercial representation and …

Homeschooling As A Constitutional Right: A Claim Under A Close Look At Meyer And Pierce And The Lochner-Based Assumptions They Made About State Regulatory Power, David M. Wagner

David N. Wagner

In 2012, a German family of would-be homeschoolers, the Romeikes, fled to the U.S. to escape fines and child removal for this practice, which has been illegal in Germany since 1938. The Sixth Circuit, in denying their asylum request, conspicuously did not slam the door on the possibility that if the Romeikes were U.S. citizens, they might have a right to homeschool. This article takes up that question, and argues that Meyer and Pierce, the classic cases constitutionalizing the right to use private schools, point beyond those holdings towards a right to homeschool; and that the permissible state regulations on …

Cross, Crucifix, Culture: An Approach To The Constitutional Meaning Of Confessional Symbols, Frederick Mark Gedicks, Pasquale Annicchino

Frederick Mark Gedicks

In the United States and Europe the constitutionality of government displays of confessional symbols depends on whether the symbols also have nonconfessional secular meaning (in the U.S.) or whether the confessional meaning is somehow absent (in Europe). Yet both the United States Supreme Court (USSCt) and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) lack a workable approach to determining whether secular meaning is present or confessional meaning absent. The problem is that the government can nearly always articulate a possible secular meaning for the confessional symbols that it uses, or argue that the confessional meaning is passive and ineffective. What …

The Eu’S Accession To The European Convention On Human Rights: An International Law Perspective, Jed Odermatt

Jed Odermatt

Article 6(2) of the Treaty on European Union establishes that the Union “shall accede to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.” In early 2013, negotiators of the 47 Council of Europe member states and the European Union finalised a draft Accession Agreement that would allow the EU to accede to Convention. Taking this draft Accession Agreement as a starting point, this paper examines the issues and challenges that EU accession poses from an international law perspective. Much of the literature on the EU accession has focused on the effect that this process will have …

Recent Reforms In Eu Law: Recognition And Enforcement Of Judgments, Samuel P. Baumgartner

Samuel P. Baumgartner

The European Union has just adopted a set of amendments to the Brussels I Regulation, which governs jurisdiction to adjudicate, parallel proceedings, and the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. This article discusses the Regulation and the adopted amendments regarding the recognition and enforcement of judgments and argues that these amendments are part of a deeper set of structural and conceptual changes in the law of transnational litigation in the European Union over the last two decades. The article concludes with an analysis of both the amendments and the underlying changes for litigants and law reformers in the United States, …

The Recognition Of Indigenous Peoples’ Land: Application Of The Customary Land Rights Model On The Bedouin Case, Morad Elsana

Morad Elsana

ABSTRACT This paper introduces new possibilities for the recognition of Bedouin land in Israel. It shows that the application of the prevalent methods of indigenous land recognition is possible in the Bedouin case, and it would bring legal recognition of Bedouin land rights. The paper first presents the recognition of indigenous peoples land right in Canada, Australia, and other countries, while concentrating on the native title doctrine and the adoption of indigenous customary law. It shows how many colonial legal systems eventually discovered that their judicial systems included principles that recognize indigenous customary land rights. The application of such principles …

Multiplicity Of Marriage Forms In Contemporary South Africa, Roberto A. Garetto Ph.D.

Roberto A. Garetto Ph.D.

From the perspective of family law, South Africa seems particularly interesting as it recognizes a multiplicity of marriage forms, according to its laws: not only common law marriage, deeply linked with the traditions of Western culture, but also customary marriage and same-sex marriage. Customary marriage, a plural marriage practiced in the form of polygyny, is deeply related to the cultural identity of some South Africans; same-sex marriage is an innovation related to fundamental rights affirmed in the post-apartheid Constitution of 1996.

The South African Constitution has a highly advanced sensibility related to issues of human dignity, equality, and freedom. Both …

The Evolution Of The Digital Millennium Copyright Act; Changing Interpretations Of The Dmca And Future Implications For Copyright Holders, Hillary A. Henderson

Hillary A Henderson

Copyright law rewards an artificial monopoly to individual authors for their creations. This reward is based on the belief that, by granting authors the exclusive right to reproduce their works, they receive an incentive and means to create, which in turn advances the welfare of the general public by “promoting the progress of science and useful arts.” Copyright protection subsists . . . in original works of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression, now known or later developed, from which they can be perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated, either directly or with the aid of a machine or …

Defending The Environment: A Mission For The World's Militaries, Mark P. Nevitt

Mark P Nevitt

Critics often fault the U.S. military for its environmental stewardship, and legal scholarship frequently highlights efforts by the military to seek national security exemptions from various environmental laws and the military’s poor cleanup record. Yet the Department of Defense (“DoD”) is largely subject to and complies with the full array of American environmental laws in the same manner and extent as any agency of the federal government. While the military’s environmental record is far from perfect, a comparative legal survey shows that the U.S. is at the relative forefront of effectively balancing environmental stewardship with national security.

This article surveys …

“A Homeless People” (On The Circassian Genocide), Rebecca Gould

Rebecca Gould

No abstract provided.

A Aplicação De Regras Religiosas De Acordo Com A Lei Do Estado: Um Panorama Do Caso Brasileiro, Jane Reis Gonçalves Pereira

Jane Reis Gonçalves Pereira

O presente estudo tem por objetivo apresentar um panorama das manifestações concretas da interação entre Estado e religião no cenário brasileiro atual. A análise empreendida tem como finalidade mensurar em que medida a moldura normativa e práticas de instituições públicas se conformam ao ideal laicidade estatal contemplado no texto constitucional. Essa tarefa será realizada através de uma descrição das questões jurídicas relacionadas ao tema.

The Right To An Exclusively Religious Education – The Ultra-Orthodox Community In Israel In Comparative Perspective, Gila Stopler

Gila Stopler

The ultra-Orthodox Jewish community in Israel has its own separate education system which is funded by the state and in which boys are given an exclusively religious education with almost no exposure to secular subjects or to civic education. At the same time that the Israeli Supreme Court was scheduled to rule that the state may not continue to fund ultra-Orthodox private schools that do not teach the national core curriculum the Israeli parliament passed the Unique Cultural Educational Institutions Act which upholds the right of the ultra–Orthodox community to give their boys an exclusively religious education funded by the …