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Civil Rights and Discrimination

Series

1996

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Articles 31 - 60 of 102

Full-Text Articles in Law

Mediation And The Americans With Disabilities Act, Ann C. Hodges Jan 1996

Mediation And The Americans With Disabilities Act, Ann C. Hodges

Law Faculty Publications

This Article will analyze the potential uses of mediation in ADA disputes, focusing primarily on employment issues. Part II of the Article provides a description and analysis of the mediation process. Part III provides an overview of the ADA. Part IV examines the dispute resolution provisions of the ADA and both the current and proposed uses of alternative dispute resolution. Finally, Part V analyzes the use of mediation in ADA cases and recommends appropriate uses of mediation that will effectuate the purpose of the statute.

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Rethinking Religion And Public School Education, Marjorie A. Silver Jan 1996

Rethinking Religion And Public School Education, Marjorie A. Silver

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

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The Limits Of Legal Discourse: Learning From The Civil Rights Movement In The Quest For Gay And Lesbian Civil Rights, Odeana R. Neal Jan 1996

The Limits Of Legal Discourse: Learning From The Civil Rights Movement In The Quest For Gay And Lesbian Civil Rights, Odeana R. Neal

All Faculty Scholarship

The African-American struggle for civil rights has been a long one, one that began with the importation of the first black person into the country as a slave, and continues today. Through radical political struggle coupled with legal precedent, de jure segregation became a part of the past of the United States. Meticulous legal strategizing by the NAACP Legal Defense Fund culminated with the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education, which declared unconstitutional the governmental practice of segregating on the basis of race. Careful legislative lobbying—as well as the threats posed by radical black political groups who …

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Racist Health Care?, Barbara A. Noah Jan 1996

Racist Health Care?, Barbara A. Noah

Faculty Scholarship

During the past few years, rationing has become an explicit feature in decisions concerning optimal delivery of health care services, and it poses difficult choices for health care providers and policymakers. Insurers and patients increasingly must balance the desire for access to every possible treatment against concerns about affordability. Costdriven treatment decisions are becoming an unavoidable reality for most patients. Apparently, however, another more pernicious type of rationing occurs in this country. It does not depend on factors such as the likelihood of an optimal outcome, the comparative efficacy of different available treatment modalities, or even the ability to pay …

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Q-Word As Red Herring: Why Disparate Impact Liability Does Not Induce Hiring Quotas, Peter Siegelman, Ian Ayres Jan 1996

Q-Word As Red Herring: Why Disparate Impact Liability Does Not Induce Hiring Quotas, Peter Siegelman, Ian Ayres

Faculty Articles and Papers

The debates over the passage of Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act' were marked by passionate disagreement: conservatives objected to the legislation as an unwarranted interference with employers' freedom of contract, while liberal supporters considered it a first step toward racial justice. While disagreement about what employment discrimination law should do has continued-in much the same form-to this day, there has been surprising consensus about the mechanism by which Title VII actually works: whether it is thought of as inadequate or excessive, Title VII is usually presumed to promote the hiring of those it is designed to protect.'The …

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Race And Political Empowerment: The Crisis Of Black Leadership, William E. Nelson Jr. Jan 1996

Race And Political Empowerment: The Crisis Of Black Leadership, William E. Nelson Jr.

William Monroe Trotter Institute Publications

W.E.B. Du Bois demonstrated poignant insight into the character of American society when he predicted in 1901 that the fundamental problem of the 20th Century would be the problem of the color line. Du Bois was writing in the aftermath of the first reconstruction that saw the institutionalization of Jim Crow and white dominance across the South. This period was symbolized by the infamous Plessy v. Ferguson decision in 1896. It was also marked by the capitulation of white Republican custodians of Reconstruction to the racist demands of southern politics, including the massive ejection of Black politicians from public office, …

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Assessing The Efficacy Of School Desegregation, Michael Heise Jan 1996

Assessing The Efficacy Of School Desegregation, Michael Heise

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Through The Looking Glass: Recent Developments In Affirmative Action, Kathleen Morris Jan 1996

Through The Looking Glass: Recent Developments In Affirmative Action, Kathleen Morris

Publications

The year 1995 saw three major developments that threaten the future of voluntary affirmative action programs in California and nationwide. On June 12, the U.S. Supreme Court in Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena, held that voluntary federal affirmative action programs should be subject to the same "strict scrutiny" reserved for all other racial classifications. The following month, the Regents of the University of California voted to abolish the use of race and gender as factors in admissions and hiring in the University of California system. Finally, last year the so-called "California Civil Rights Initiative" ("CCRI") was presented to the …

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Affirmative Action: A Rose By Any Other Name, Kingsley R. Browne Jan 1996

Affirmative Action: A Rose By Any Other Name, Kingsley R. Browne

Law Faculty Research Publications

No abstract provided.

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“You've Got To Be Carefully Taught”: Justifying Affirmative Action After Croson And Adarand, 74 N.C. L. Rev. 1141 (1996), Donald L. Beschle Jan 1996

“You've Got To Be Carefully Taught”: Justifying Affirmative Action After Croson And Adarand, 74 N.C. L. Rev. 1141 (1996), Donald L. Beschle

UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship

In this Article Professor Beschle assesses the continuing legitimacy of affirmative action as a governmental response to racial discrimination. The author begins with a historical review of Supreme Court decisions in which the Court has determined the circumstances under which affirmative action programs are permissible. Next, Professor Beschle surveys the views of contemporary social scientists who contend that racial bias is an instinctive human characteristic, rather than simply a learned attitude. Finally, the author considers the implications of the work of these theorists for the future of affirmative action. Professor Beschle concludes that the ongoing need for governmental action to …

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An Evidentiary Framework For Diversity As A Compelling Interest In Higher Education, Kimberly J. Robinson Jan 1996

An Evidentiary Framework For Diversity As A Compelling Interest In Higher Education, Kimberly J. Robinson

Law Faculty Publications

This Note argues that if courts choose to reexamine evidence on the value of diversity in higher education, they should not apply the evidentiary requirements that the Supreme Court has applied to cases involving questions of past discrimination. Rather, courts should consider the unique nature of diversity in higher education and the protection afforded the academic context in which the evidence is considered and modify their review of the evidence presented accordingly. Furthermore, this Note argues that the interest of an institution of higher education16 in diversity is "compelling" in light of the evidence that a racially diverse student body …

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Fax: Decision ’96: The Arab American Vote, Govt Forum, September 18, 1996, Arab American Institute Jan 1996

Fax: Decision ’96: The Arab American Vote, Govt Forum, September 18, 1996, Arab American Institute

Saffy Collection - All Textual Materials

A fax sent to AAI leaders to inform and rally the Arab American community. A leadership program to focus on the political races and issues that the Arab American community cares about and the voter impact that can be made by the community. Meet with the campaigns, the parties and pundits in Dearborn, Michigan October 12, 1996.

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Geographically Sexual?: Advancing Lesbian And Gay Interests Through Proportional Representation, Darren Rosenblum Jan 1996

Geographically Sexual?: Advancing Lesbian And Gay Interests Through Proportional Representation, Darren Rosenblum

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

Part I of this Article explores lesbian and gay interests and representational characteristics. Part II highlights the inadequacies of a single-member districting system in representing the interests of lesbian and gay communities. It concludes with an examination of the New York City Council's 1991 redistricting, where the mobilization of strong lesbian and gay communities in a receptive environment nonetheless failed to lead to effective representation of lesbian and gay interests in the City Council. Part III describes proportional representation systems and reveals how such systems would better serve lesbian and gay communities. Part IV acknowledges the political and legal obstacles …

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Specific Agreements About Race: A Response To Professor Sunstein, Sheri Johnson Jan 1996

Specific Agreements About Race: A Response To Professor Sunstein, Sheri Johnson

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Confronting Expectations: Women In The Legal Academy, Christine Haight Farley Jan 1996

Confronting Expectations: Women In The Legal Academy, Christine Haight Farley

Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals

A seemingly insurmountable barrier to women's success in legal academia is the way they are perceived. Numerous studies have shown that women are perceived as less competent than men and that the same work is evaluated more critically when it is thought to have been done by a woman than by a man. This problem exists in all aspects of life, but it is especially acute for women in professional roles, such as academics. Legal academia, however, seems to be particularly resistant to viewing women as equally competent. The article presents original empirical research that shows that student evaluations of …

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Juror Empathy And Race, Douglas O. Linder Jan 1996

Juror Empathy And Race, Douglas O. Linder

Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

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Fighting Words: Individuals, Communities, And Liberties Of Speech, Joseph Vining Jan 1996

Fighting Words: Individuals, Communities, And Liberties Of Speech, Joseph Vining

Reviews

Words that do something can be fought with guns and silenced. Words that say something will be protected, and the guns will be turned on those who try to silence.

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Admissibility Of Investigatory Reports In § 1983 Civil Rights Actions - A User's Manual, Martin A. Schwartz Jan 1996

Admissibility Of Investigatory Reports In § 1983 Civil Rights Actions - A User's Manual, Martin A. Schwartz

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

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Institutional Myths, Historical Narratives And Social Science Evidence: Reading The "Record" In The Virginia Military Institute Case, Dianne Avery Jan 1996

Institutional Myths, Historical Narratives And Social Science Evidence: Reading The "Record" In The Virginia Military Institute Case, Dianne Avery

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

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Bowers V. Hardwick, Romer V. Evans, And The Meaning Of Anti-Discrimination Legislation, Marc A. Fajer Jan 1996

Bowers V. Hardwick, Romer V. Evans, And The Meaning Of Anti-Discrimination Legislation, Marc A. Fajer

Articles

No abstract provided.

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The Nativist's Dream Of Return, Robert S. Chang Jan 1996

The Nativist's Dream Of Return, Robert S. Chang

Faculty Articles

In this address, Professor Robert Chang discusses how the current racial paradigm has become naturalized so that race in America is generally understood to mean black and white. It is this notion of race that limits people understanding and willingness to engage with the history and current state of Asian Americans and Latinos in the United States. Instead of being interested participants, they are seen as interlopers. Yet this status as interloper is precisely why Asian Americans and Latinos are important in discussions of race-our existence disrupts the comfortable binary of the black/white racial paradigm in which the black racial …

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Chon On Chen On Chang, Margaret Chon Jan 1996

Chon On Chen On Chang, Margaret Chon

Faculty Articles

This essay attempts to highlight and explore Bob Chang's implicit disclaimers for an Asian American legal scholarship situated within post-structuralism: that it is contingent, ironic, and yearns for a chimerical solidarity, these qualities should not lead to the conclusion that his claims lack positive vision, the narrative space that Chang advocates allows for creative articulations of Asian presence in America, in both theoretical and practical realms. Thus, after considering the nature of the misunderstanding between Chang and Chen, the author will turn briefly to one example of positive articulation-the diaspora perspective-and read it into Jim Chen's text.

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The End Of Innocence Or Politics After The Fall Of The Essential Subject, Robert S. Chang Jan 1996

The End Of Innocence Or Politics After The Fall Of The Essential Subject, Robert S. Chang

Faculty Articles

Stuart Hall, writing in the context of British Cultural Studies, describes the demise of the essential black subject as the end of innocence. We have seen in feminist theory and in critical race theory the debate about essentialism, along with various recuperative proposals such as intersectionality, multiple consciousness, positionality, and strategic essentialism. Rather than revisit those discussions, Professor Chang raises the possibility of constructing new subject positions in an attempt to move us beyond the difference divide, to move us from identity politics as we now know it to political identities. In this essay, Professor Chang asks whether we can …

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Consumer Protection For Latinos: Overcoming Language Fraud And English Only In The Marketplace, Steven W. Bender Jan 1996

Consumer Protection For Latinos: Overcoming Language Fraud And English Only In The Marketplace, Steven W. Bender

Faculty Articles

Non-English-speaking consumers deserve the same protection as other consumers, and thus, this article advocates guarantees for their ability to strike informed bargains. To safeguard consumers most vulnerable to unfair and deceptive trade practices, this article contemplates a comprehensive strategy of reform that involves the legislatures, administrative agencies, and courts, as well as nonprofit organizations that advocate for language minorities and merchants themselves. Part I examines the growth in numbers of monolingual Latino/a consumers and documents their experience in the American marketplace. Part I also explores the shortcomings of existing remedies under the common law and consumer protection regulation when applied …

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Passion And The Asian American Legal Scholar, Robert S. Chang Jan 1996

Passion And The Asian American Legal Scholar, Robert S. Chang

Faculty Articles

Professor Chang discusses what it means to be Asian American, and the strength and vibrancy of the various Asian immigrant groups as they struggled to make a home in the United States. He examines this ongoing struggle, and explores how it is through this struggle that they have become and are becoming Asian Americans.

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Reverse Racism!: Affirmative Action, The Family, And The Dream That Is America, Robert S. Chang Jan 1996

Reverse Racism!: Affirmative Action, The Family, And The Dream That Is America, Robert S. Chang

Faculty Articles

In this essay, Professor Chang explores the interaction of race and family in the affirmative action debate. Although discrimination against women remains rampant in our society, and despite the fact that white women have been the primary beneficiaries of affirmative action, white women are being told that affirmative action hurts them because it hurts their husbands, brothers, and sons. Familial loyalty is being invoked to do the work of an explicit call for white racial solidarity. This strategy may be successful because as late as 1987, even with the increasing rate of interracial marriage, 99% of white Americans were married …

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Sweep Searches--The Rights Of The Community, And The Guarantees Of The Fourth And First Amendments: Moms Of The Chicago Public Housing Complex, Revisit Your Civil And Constitutional Rights And Save Your Babies, Lundy Langston Jan 1996

Sweep Searches--The Rights Of The Community, And The Guarantees Of The Fourth And First Amendments: Moms Of The Chicago Public Housing Complex, Revisit Your Civil And Constitutional Rights And Save Your Babies, Lundy Langston

Journal Publications

African-American babies are an endangered species. They have the potential to live to the ripe old age of fourteen. We are singing new songs of overcoming-overcoming the loss of our babies. However, it's the same song: the lyrics are Black, and the music is, as always, White. Across the nation let us hold hands, let us gather together, let us save our babies. Will the music, the lyrics of our collective songs, save our babies? Is there a collective voice? There must be a collective voice if we are to save our babies and WE must save them if we …

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Squaring Affirmative Action Admissions Policies With Federal Judicial Guidelines: A Model For The Twenty-First Century, Leslie Y. Garfield Jan 1996

Squaring Affirmative Action Admissions Policies With Federal Judicial Guidelines: A Model For The Twenty-First Century, Leslie Y. Garfield

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

This article will highlight the legal limitations law schools confront when adopting diversity admission policies in light of the new judicial climate that disfavors considering non-traditional race criteria in the admission decision process. Part I highlights the difficulty law schools face when trying to admit a fully diverse class under the traditional application process. Part II discusses the judicial response to voluntary diversity admission policies and other race-based preference policies and defines the appropriate standard for court review. Part III proposes a model diversity admission policy. Part IV analyzes this model policy under the Court's strict scrutiny test.

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California’S Proposition 187--Does It Mean What It Says? Does It Say What It Means? A Textual And Constitutional Analysis, Lolita K. Buckner Inniss Jan 1996

California’S Proposition 187--Does It Mean What It Says? Does It Say What It Means? A Textual And Constitutional Analysis, Lolita K. Buckner Inniss

Publications

No abstract provided.

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Because I Am Black, Because I Am Woman: Remedying The Sexual Harassment Experience Of Black Women, Andrea L. Dennis Jan 1996

Because I Am Black, Because I Am Woman: Remedying The Sexual Harassment Experience Of Black Women, Andrea L. Dennis

Scholarly Works

This Note examines the intersection of race and gender in the context of sexual harassment jurisprudence. Since the arrival in this country of the first female African slaves, Black women have experienced sexual harassment on the job. This Note discusses the failure of sexual harassment theory to acknowledge the unique sexual harassment experience of Black women. From the very earliest discussions of sexual harassment, the impact of the race of the victim on the experience and resulting legal claim was ignored. Feminist legal theorists, leaders in issues affecting women, have been slow to acknowledge and integrate the role of race …

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