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Articles 31 - 60 of 140
Full-Text Articles in Law
The Relation Between Firm-Level Corporate Governance And Market Value: A Study Of India, Bala Balasubramanian, Bernard S. Black, Vikramaditya Khanna
The Relation Between Firm-Level Corporate Governance And Market Value: A Study Of India, Bala Balasubramanian, Bernard S. Black, Vikramaditya Khanna
Law & Economics Working Papers
Relatively little is known about the corporate governance practice of firms in emerging markets. We provide a detailed overview of the practices of publicly traded firms in India, and identify areas where governance practices are relatively strong or weak, relative to developed countries. We also examine whether there is a cross-sectional relationship between measures of governance and measures of firm performance and find evidence of a positive relationship for an overall governance index and for an index covering shareholder rights. The association is stronger for more profitable firms and firms with stronger growth opportunities.
Corporate Governance In The Courtroom: An Empirical Analysis, Jessica M. Erickson
Corporate Governance In The Courtroom: An Empirical Analysis, Jessica M. Erickson
Law Faculty Publications
Conventional wisdom is that shareholder derivative suits are dead. Yet this death knell is decidedly premature. The current conception of shareholder derivative suits is based on an empirical record limited to suits filed in Delaware or on behalf of Delaware corporations, leaving suits outside this sphere in the shadows of corporate law scholarship. This Article aims to fill this gap by presenting the first empirical examination of shareholder derivative suits in the federal courts. Using an original, hand-collected data set, my study reveals that shareholder derivative suits are far from dead. Shareholders file more shareholder derivative suits than securities class …
Celebrity Ceos: Disclosure At The Intersection Of Privacy And Securities Law, Ann M. Olazábal, Patricia Sánchez Abril
Celebrity Ceos: Disclosure At The Intersection Of Privacy And Securities Law, Ann M. Olazábal, Patricia Sánchez Abril
Business Law Articles and Papers
An abstract for this item is not available.
Power And Purpose In The "Anglo-American" Corporation, Christopher M. Bruner
Power And Purpose In The "Anglo-American" Corporation, Christopher M. Bruner
Scholarly Articles
The article discusses the impact of a shareholder-centric and market-oriented approach to corporate governance among public business firms in the U.S. and Great Britain. It mentions that both countries have more common similarities in terms of corporate governance systems and business cultures. It affirms that despite such similarities, both countries' corporate governance system differs on how they relate to external regulations that can affect their relationships among stakeholders.
The Validity Of Deal Protection Devices In Negotiatiated Acquisition Or Merger Transactions Under Anglo-American Law, Wai Yee Wan
The Validity Of Deal Protection Devices In Negotiatiated Acquisition Or Merger Transactions Under Anglo-American Law, Wai Yee Wan
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
This paper analyses deal protection devices, specifically termination fees and lockup agreements, that are entered into by publicly listed target companies in favour of the preferred bidders, under Anglo-American law. US (specifically Delaware) and UK law and regulation differ markedly in the regulation of these devices. Delaware law generally gives more leeway for the target board to enter into deal protection devices. The UK regime is much more shareholder-centric and severely restricts most types of deal protections. This paper explains the differences and argues that the UK regime is the result of the strong influence of institutional share ownership. In …
Mtic (Vat Fraud) In Voip - Market Size $3.3b, Richard Thompson Ainsworth
Mtic (Vat Fraud) In Voip - Market Size $3.3b, Richard Thompson Ainsworth
Faculty Scholarship
In the beginning, the VAT fraud known as missing trader intra-community (MTIC) fraud appeared to be a UK problem concentrated in the cell phone and computer chip markets. MTIC has mutated (to other commodities) and migrated (to other Member States). This paper describes how this fraud operates in the VoIP market, and how in this mutation it is no longer confined to the EU, but can infiltrate any VAT/GST anywhere.
Canada, Botswana, Japan, Iceland and Jamaica (to mention a few jurisdictions) have consumption taxes that are just as vulnerable as is the EU VAT to VoIP missing trader fraud. It …
Virtual Intermediaries: Consumption Tax Problems In Japan, Europe, And The United States - The Case Of The Virtual Travel Agent, Richard Thompson Ainsworth
Virtual Intermediaries: Consumption Tax Problems In Japan, Europe, And The United States - The Case Of The Virtual Travel Agent, Richard Thompson Ainsworth
Faculty Scholarship
Marketplace technology is (inadvertently) chipping away at the effectiveness of consumption taxes – the Japanese Consumption Tax (CT), the European value added tax (VAT), and the American sales tax (ST) are all affected. Frequently a technology-patch or a law change can repair the tax-damage, but sometimes even though a patch or a change is known the design of the levy (or the politics behind the design) impedes application. This paper assesses these consumption taxes by considering the impact that virtual travel agents have had on revenue yields. The paper draws specific conclusions for the Japanese CT, because this consumption tax …
Bond Limited Liability, Robert J. Rhee
Bond Limited Liability, Robert J. Rhee
UF Law Faculty Publications
Limited liability is considered a “birthright” of corporations. The concept is entrenched in legal theory, and it is a fixed reality of the political economy. But it remains controversial. Scholarly debate has been engaged in absolute terms of defending the rule or advocating its abrogation. Though compelling, these polar positions, often expressed in abstract arguments, are associated with disquieting effects. Without limited liability, efficiency may be severely compromised. With it, involuntary tort creditors bear some of the cost of an enterprise. Most other proposals for reforming limited liability have been incremental, such as modifying veil piercing. However, neither absolutism nor …
Teaching Specialized Legal Research: Business Associations, Kris Helge, Terri Lynn Helge
Teaching Specialized Legal Research: Business Associations, Kris Helge, Terri Lynn Helge
Faculty Scholarship
Business associations are a complex substantive topic that can be included in an advanced legal research course that teaches students sophisticated research, writing, and citation skills. This article presents the basic substantive law regarding business associations necessary to deliver instruction about advanced legal research, writing, and citation. This article also offers a model syllabus with suggested sources and assignments for students. These research assignments require students to perform tasks such as citing primary and secondary sources, learning advanced research skills using loose-leaf materials, assimilating information from multiple sources into cogent narratives, locating information using various electronic resources, digests, and other …
Zappers - Retail Vat Fraud, Richard Thompson Ainsworth
Zappers - Retail Vat Fraud, Richard Thompson Ainsworth
Faculty Scholarship
Zappers skim cash sales at retail. Zappers are add-on programs used by merchants with electronic cash registers (ECRs) or point-of-sale (POS) systems. Zappers are smart and selective. They do not skim all sales, and they never skim credit card transactions.
Although they are present in every jurisdiction, Zappers appear to be most widely used in developed economies that combine high levels of cash sales with high rates of consumption tax. Sweden, for example, has a cash-intensive economy, one of the world’s highest VAT rates (25%), and also reports that 70% of the ECRs in the country are either “… constructed …
Should Firms Be Allowed To Indemnify Their Employees For Sanctions?, Wallace P. Mullin, Christopher M. Snyder
Should Firms Be Allowed To Indemnify Their Employees For Sanctions?, Wallace P. Mullin, Christopher M. Snyder
Dartmouth Scholarship
Policymakers have questioned whether firms should be allowed to indemnify their employees for personal sanctions for corporate crimes. This article provides the first formal analysis of this form of indemnification. Targeting employees with unindemnifiable sanctions carries the social cost of exposing employees of law-abiding firms to the risk of mistaken government prosecution. Deterrence is typically achieved more efficiently by sanctioning the firm alone. We find the circumstances under which the government shouldadditionally sanction employees to be quite limited and the circumstances under which the government should ban indemnification of these sanctions to be more limited still. One circumstance is when …
To Be Or Not To Be? Citizens United And The Corporate Form, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah
To Be Or Not To Be? Citizens United And The Corporate Form, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah
Law & Economics Working Papers
In Citizens United vs. FEC, the Supreme Court struck down a Federal ban on direct corporate expenditures on political campaigns. The decision has been widely criticized and praised as a matter of First Amendment law. But it is also interesting as another step in the evolution of our legal views of the corporation. The thesis of this Article is that by viewing Citizens United through the prism of theories about the corporate form, it is possible to understand why both the majority and the dissent departed from previous Supreme Court cases on the First Amendment rights of corporations, and to …
Co2 Mtic Fraud -- Technologically Exploiting The Eu Vat (Again), Richard Thompson Ainsworth
Co2 Mtic Fraud -- Technologically Exploiting The Eu Vat (Again), Richard Thompson Ainsworth
Faculty Scholarship
On February 1, 2010 Algirdas Šemeta is expected to be confirmed as the next European commissioner for taxation, customs union, audit and anti-fraud. If his nomination passes a confirmation hearing at the European Parliament he will succeed László Kovács. At the top of Mr. Šemeta’s list of things requiring attention should be MTIC fraud in tradable CO2 permits. Political and fiscal realities make CO2 MTIC fraud a top priority.
CO2 MTIC is a technology-driven fraud that takes advantage of the same weaknesses in the EU VAT that have become well known in the cell phone and computer chip trade. The …
Populist Retribution And International Competition In Financial Services Regulation, Adam C. Pritchard
Populist Retribution And International Competition In Financial Services Regulation, Adam C. Pritchard
Law & Economics Working Papers
This essay compares the current effort to reform financial services regulation with the regulatory initiatives that come out of the Great Depression. Unlike the 1930s, policymakers today must account for the impact of regulatory competition in crafting responses to the financial crisis. The available evidence suggests that jurisdictional competition is no match for the forces of populist retribution in modern democratic states.
Quebec's Sales Recording Module (Srm): Fighting The Zapper, Phantomware, And Tax Fraud With Technology, Richard Thompson Ainsworth
Quebec's Sales Recording Module (Srm): Fighting The Zapper, Phantomware, And Tax Fraud With Technology, Richard Thompson Ainsworth
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Corporate Law In The Shanghai People's Courts, 1992-2008: Judicial Autonomy In A Contemporary Authoritarian State, Nicholas C. Howson
Corporate Law In The Shanghai People's Courts, 1992-2008: Judicial Autonomy In A Contemporary Authoritarian State, Nicholas C. Howson
Law & Economics Working Papers
In late 2005 China adopted a largely rewritten Company Law that radically increased the role of courts. This study, based on a review of more than 1000 Company Law-related disputes reported between 1992 and 2008 and extensive interactions with PRC officials and sitting judges, evaluates how the Shanghai People’s Court system has fared over 15 years in corporate law adjudication. Although the Shanghai People’s Courts show generally increasing technical competence and even intimations of political independence, their path toward institutional autonomy is inconsistent. Through 2006, the Shanghai Court system demonstrated significantly increased autonomy. After 2006 and enactment of the new …
Organizational Liability And The Tension Between Corporate And Criminal Law, Miriam H. Baer
Organizational Liability And The Tension Between Corporate And Criminal Law, Miriam H. Baer
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
A Primer On Protecting Tax Losses From A Section 382 Ownership Change, Mark C. Van Deusen
A Primer On Protecting Tax Losses From A Section 382 Ownership Change, Mark C. Van Deusen
William & Mary Annual Tax Conference
No abstract provided.
The Fatal Design Defects Of L3cs, Daniel S. Kleinberger
The Fatal Design Defects Of L3cs, Daniel S. Kleinberger
Faculty Scholarship
This article argues that the L3C is an unnecessary and unwise contrivance, and it's very existence is inherently misleading. The notion that an L3C should have privileged status under the Internal Revenue Code (known as the Code) for access to tax-exempt foundation resources is inescapably at odds with the key policies that underpin the relevant Code sections, and L3Cs are not on track-let alone on a fast track-to receive special status under the Code. An ordinary limited liability company (LLC) can perform precisely the same functions proclaimed of L3Cs. In addition, because of technical flaws, the L3C legislation adopted to …
The Role Of Corporate Law In Preventing A Financial Crisis: Reflections On In Re Citigroup Inc. Shareholder Derivative Litigation, Franklin A. Gevurtz
The Role Of Corporate Law In Preventing A Financial Crisis: Reflections On In Re Citigroup Inc. Shareholder Derivative Litigation, Franklin A. Gevurtz
McGeorge School of Law Scholarly Articles
No abstract provided.
Corporate Governance Ii – Accountability Rules, Franklin A. Gevurtz
Corporate Governance Ii – Accountability Rules, Franklin A. Gevurtz
McGeorge School of Law Scholarly Articles
No abstract provided.
Barriers To Effective Risk Management, Michelle M. Harner
Barriers To Effective Risk Management, Michelle M. Harner
Faculty Scholarship
“As long as the music is playing, you’ve got to get up and dance. We’re still dancing.”**
This now infamous quote by Charles Prince, Citigroup’s former Chief Executive Officer, captures the high-risk, high-reward mentality and overconfidence that permeates much of corporate America. These attributes in turn helped to facilitate a global recession and some of the largest economic losses ever experienced in the financial sector. They also represent certain cognitive biases and cultural norms in corporate boardrooms and management suites that make implementing a meaningful risk culture and thereby mitigating the impact of future economic downturns a challenging proposition.
The …
Director Liability For Corporate Crimes: Lawyers As Safe Haven?, John A. Humbach
Director Liability For Corporate Crimes: Lawyers As Safe Haven?, John A. Humbach
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
The fines and penalties assessed against corporations are running into the billions of dollars each year. Part of the reason is that the managers and employees of entrepreneurial organizations have inherent incentives to engage in conduct that exposes the entity to fines and penalties. This article considers the legal bases for shifting these law-enforcement losses back to directors who are actively involved in creating them, either because they approved or they deliberately ignored the corporation’s legal or regulatory violations (Part II). It then examines bases for shifting these losses back to directors even when their involvement in the non-compliance is …
The Plight Of The Derivative Plaintiff: Justice Carter’S Dissent In Hogan V. Ingold, Michele Benedetto Neitz
The Plight Of The Derivative Plaintiff: Justice Carter’S Dissent In Hogan V. Ingold, Michele Benedetto Neitz
Publications
Written over fifty years ago, Justice Carter’s Hogan dissent championed the rights of individuals with corporate investments to sue dishonest corporate officials through derivative lawsuits. His emphasis on justice and fairness for shareholders established Justice Carter as a visionary in the area of corporate ethics. Unfortunately, as the scandals of the modern era have demonstrated, many of Justice Carter’s concerns for shareholders remain justified.
Bonding Limited Liability, Robert J. Rhee
Bonding Limited Liability, Robert J. Rhee
Faculty Scholarship
Limited liability is considered a “birthright” of corporations. The concept is entrenched in legal theory, and it is a fixed reality of the political economy. But it remains controversial. Scholarly debate has been engaged in absolute terms of defending the rule or advocating its abrogation. Though compelling, these polar positions, often expressed in abstract arguments, are associated with disquieting effects. Without limited liability, efficiency may be severely compromised. With it, involuntary tort creditors bear some of the cost of an enterprise. Most other proposals for reforming limited liability have been incremental, such as modifying veil piercing. However, neither absolutism nor …
The Madoff Scandal, Market Regulatory Failure And The Business Education Of Lawyers, Robert J. Rhee
The Madoff Scandal, Market Regulatory Failure And The Business Education Of Lawyers, Robert J. Rhee
Faculty Scholarship
This essay suggests that a deficiency in legal education is a contributing cause of the regulatory failure. The most scandalous malfeasance of this new era, the Madoff Ponzi scheme, evinces the failure of improperly trained lawyers and regulators. It also calls into question whether the prevailing regulatory philosophy of disclosure of disclosure is sufficient in a complex market. This essay answers an important question underlying these considerations: What can legal education do to better train business lawyers and regulators for a market that is becoming more complex? One answer, it suggests, is a simple one: law schools should teach a …
Crisis, Rescue And Corporate Social Responsibility Under American Corporate Law, Robert J. Rhee
Crisis, Rescue And Corporate Social Responsibility Under American Corporate Law, Robert J. Rhee
Faculty Scholarship
This chapter discusses the legal issues of rescue and corporate social responsibility during times of public crisis. It analyzes a corporate board’s fiduciary duty related to the management of a public crisis and the provision of aid to government and the public. The thesis is that American corporate law adequately provides corporate boards authority to assume broad principles of corporate social responsibility, and that during a public crisis this authority is specially recognized in the enabling statutes of corporate law and should be broadened even further to pursue the public good in exigent circumstances.
Freeze-Outs: Transcontinental Analysis And Reform Proposals, Marco Ventoruzzo
Freeze-Outs: Transcontinental Analysis And Reform Proposals, Marco Ventoruzzo
Journal Articles
One of the most crucial, but systematically neglected, comparative differences between corporate law systems in Europe and in the United States concerns the regulations governing freeze-out transactions in listed corporations. Freeze-outs can be defined as transactions in which the controlling shareholder exercises a legal right to buy out the shares of the minority, and consequently delists the corporation and brings it private. Beyond this essential definition, the systems diverge profoundly. This gap exists despite the fact that minority freeze-outs are one of the most debated issues in corporate law, in the public media, in a vast body of scholarly work …
Preserving The Corporate Attorney-Client Privilege, Katrice Bridges Copeland
Preserving The Corporate Attorney-Client Privilege, Katrice Bridges Copeland
Journal Articles
This Article argues that, while legislation such as the Attorney-Client Privilege Protection Act ("ACPPA") is necessary to preserve that corporate attorney-client privilege, any such legislation must include judicial oversight to deter prosecutorial misconduct effectively. Part II examines the costs and benefits of granting corporations the attorney-client privilege in criminal investigations. It concludes that the benefits of the privilege fat outweigh the costs and that the privilege must be safeguarded from unnecessary infringement. Part III traces the evolution of the DOJ's waiver policies that have threatened the corporate attorney-client privilege. It also examines the costs and benefits of the waiver policy …
Freeze-Outs: Transcontinental Analysis And Reform Proposals, Marco Ventoruzzo
Freeze-Outs: Transcontinental Analysis And Reform Proposals, Marco Ventoruzzo
Journal Articles
One of the most crucial, but systematically neglected, comparative differences between corporate law systems in Europe and in the United States concerns the regulations governing freeze-out transactions in listed corporations. Freeze-outs can be defined as transactions in which the controlling shareholder exercises a legal right to buy out the shares of the minority, and consequently delists the corporation and brings it private. Beyond this essential definition, the systems diverge profoundly.
This gap exists despite the fact that minority freeze-outs are one of the most debated issues in corporate law, in the public media, in a vast body of scholarly work …