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Articles 1 - 30 of 30
Full-Text Articles in Law
Informing The Debate On Lowering The Criminal Rate Of Interest, Gail Henderson, Katlin Abrahamson
Informing The Debate On Lowering The Criminal Rate Of Interest, Gail Henderson, Katlin Abrahamson
Dalhousie Law Journal
Canada has two markets for consumer credit. Consumers with middle to high incomes can draw on ‘mainstream’ forms of credit at reasonable interest rates, such as lines of credit and credit cards issued by chartered banks. Consumers living on low to moderate incomes, who also may have a poor credit score or no credit history, often find themselves pushed to high-cost credit products, such as instalment loans issued by alternative financial services providers. The effective annual interest rate on instalment loans can run up to the maximum permitted under section 347 of the Criminal Code. Anything above this constitutes a …
Credit Scoring Duality, Pamela Foohey, Sara Sternberg Greene
Credit Scoring Duality, Pamela Foohey, Sara Sternberg Greene
Scholarly Works
Credit scoring is central to people’s financial growth and prosperity or financial decline and stagnation. People with a good credit score and accompanying credit report can buy opportunities to advance economically. The benefits they reap from their attractiveness to lenders and employers helps feed their future success. In contrast, people with a fair or poor credit score become stuck in cycle of high interest rates and costly loan terms, large required down payments, and denied applications for rentals, cell phone plans, and employment. Employers, service providers, lenders, and alternative financial service providers have begun to use alternative credit scoring models, …
Steering Loan Modifications Post-Pandemic, Pamela Foohey, Dalie Jimenez, Christopher K. Odinet
Steering Loan Modifications Post-Pandemic, Pamela Foohey, Dalie Jimenez, Christopher K. Odinet
Scholarly Works
As part of federal and state relief programs created during the COVID-19 pandemic, many American households received pauses on their largest debts, particularly on mortgages and student loans. Others may have come to agreements with their lenders, likewise pausing or altering payment on other debts, such as auto loans and credit cards. This relief allowed households to allocate their savings and income to necessary expenses, like groceries, utilities, and medicine. But forbearance does not equal forgiveness. At the end of the various relief periods and moratoria, people will have to resume paying all their debts, the amounts of which may …
Steering Loan Modifications Post-Pandemic, Pamela Foohey, Dalie Jimenez, Christopher K. Odinet
Steering Loan Modifications Post-Pandemic, Pamela Foohey, Dalie Jimenez, Christopher K. Odinet
Faculty Articles
As part of federal and state relief programs created during the COVID-19 pandemic, many American households received pauses on their largest debts, particularly on mortgages and student loans. Others may have come to agreements with their lenders, likewise pausing or altering payment on other debts, such as auto loans and credit cards. This relief allowed households to allocate their savings and income to necessary expenses, like groceries, utilities, and medicine. But forbearance does not equal forgiveness. At the end of the various relief periods and moratoria, people will have to resume paying all their debts, the amounts of which may …
Fintech's Role In Exacerbating Or Reducing The Wealth Gap, Pamela Foohey, Nathalie Martin
Fintech's Role In Exacerbating Or Reducing The Wealth Gap, Pamela Foohey, Nathalie Martin
Scholarly Works
Research shows that Black, Latinx, and other minorities pay more for credit and banking services, and that wealth accumulation differs starkly between their households and white households. The link between debt inequality and the wealth gap, however, remains less thoroughly explored, particularly in light of new credit products and debt-like banking services, such as early wage access and other fintech innovations. These innovations both hold the promise of reducing racial and ethnic disparities in lending and bring concerns that they may be exploited in ways that perpetuate inequality. They also come at a time when policy makers are considering how …
Bursting The Auto Loan Bubble In The Wake Of Covid-19, Pamela Foohey
Bursting The Auto Loan Bubble In The Wake Of Covid-19, Pamela Foohey
Scholarly Works
Before the COVID-19 pandemic, auto loans outstanding in the United States had soared to record highs. The boom in lending spanned new and used cars and traditional and subprime loans. With loan delinquencies also hitting new highs almost every quarter, predictions that the auto lending market could burst soon abounded. When the economy came to a grinding halt and unemployment skyrocketed in the wake of the pandemic, auto lenders knew they were facing a crisis. Throughout 2020, auto lenders granted more payment forbearances to consumers, while slashing interest rates on new loans. Auto manufacturers similarly made promises to buyers, such …
Current Regulatory Challenges In Consumer Credit Scoring Using Alternative Data-Driven Methodologies, Sahiba Chopra
Current Regulatory Challenges In Consumer Credit Scoring Using Alternative Data-Driven Methodologies, Sahiba Chopra
Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law
Credit is a crucial determinant of financial success for most US consumers, but not all consumers can access it. This financial exclusion is partially due to traditional credit-risk scoring and approval processes that cannot assess the creditworthiness of “credit invisible” or “thin file” consumers––that is, consumers who do not have enough traditional data depicting their financial payment history. Consequently, some consumer-reporting agencies and lenders turn to alternative data credit-scoring systems as a way to increase financial inclusion. The enormous complexity of these alternative consumer credit-scoring systems, however, raises significant accuracy and transparency issues—most of which stem from their secret, legally …
The Debt Collection Pandemic, Pamela Foohey, Dalie Jimenez, Christopher K. Odinet
The Debt Collection Pandemic, Pamela Foohey, Dalie Jimenez, Christopher K. Odinet
Scholarly Works
As of May 2020, the United States' reaction to the unique and alarming threat of COVID-19 has partially succeeded in slowing the virus’s spread. Saving people’s lives, however, came at a severe economic cost. Americans’ economic anxiety understandably spiked. In addition to worrying about meeting basic expenses, people’s anxieties about money necessarily included what might happen if they could not cover already outstanding debts. The nearly 70 million Americans with debts already in collection faced heightened anxiety about their inability to pay.
The coronavirus pandemic is set to metastasize into a debt collection pandemic. The federal government can and should …
Information Asymmetries In Consumer Credit Markets: Evidence From Payday Lending, Paige Marta Skiba, Will Dobbie
Information Asymmetries In Consumer Credit Markets: Evidence From Payday Lending, Paige Marta Skiba, Will Dobbie
Paige Marta Skiba
Information asymmetries are prominent in theory but difficult to estimate. This paper exploits discontinuities in loan eligibility to test for moral hazard and adverse selection in the payday loan market. Regression discontinuity and regression kink approaches suggest that payday borrowers are less likely to default on larger loans. A $50 larger payday loan leads to a 17 to 33 percent drop in the probability of default. Conversely, there is economically and statistically significant adverse selection into larger payday loans when loan eligibility is held constant. Payday borrowers who choose a $50 larger loan are 16 to 47 percent more likely …
Consumer Credit In America: Past, Present, And Future, Pamela Foohey, Jim Hawkins, Creola Johnson, Nathalie Martin
Consumer Credit In America: Past, Present, And Future, Pamela Foohey, Jim Hawkins, Creola Johnson, Nathalie Martin
Articles by Maurer Faculty
In September 2016, in conjunction with Law & Contemporary Problems at Duke University School of Law, we organized a symposium on Consumer Credit in America. We sought to assess the state of consumer credit in America — to review and examine its recent history, to consider arguments for and against regulation, and to discuss the potential for future innovation. This is the introduction to the volume of articles coming out of that symposium.
Challenges Under Truth In Lending: Suing For Rescission, Giving Clear And Conspicuous Notice, And Electing Not To Rescind, Elwin Griffith
Challenges Under Truth In Lending: Suing For Rescission, Giving Clear And Conspicuous Notice, And Electing Not To Rescind, Elwin Griffith
Akron Law Review
This Article reveals that the uniformity sought by Congress through TILA has challenged the courts to clarify the relationship between a notice of rescission and a suit for rescission, the relevance of the consumer’s ability to tender the loan principal, and the difficulty of recognizing a creditor’s attempt to accommodate a consumer’s premature election not to cancel a transaction.
Regulating For The First Time The Decision To Grant Consumer Credit: A Look At The First Steps Taken By The United States And Australia, Jeffrey Davis
Regulating For The First Time The Decision To Grant Consumer Credit: A Look At The First Steps Taken By The United States And Australia, Jeffrey Davis
UF Law Faculty Publications
In this Article, I discuss the changes in three consumer-credit realms. First, I compare the Australian regime applicable to all forms of consumer credit granting, including mortgage lending, to the American regulation of the consumer mortgage-granting decision. Second, I compare the Australian and American approaches to the decision to authorize use of, or increase the credit limit on, individual credit cards. Third, I compare the two approaches to regulating small short-term loans, usually called payday loans. Finally, I compare the enforcement regimes of both countries — perhaps the key to it all.
Opening Schumer’S Box: The Empirical Foundations Of Modern Consumer Finance Disclosure Law, Hosea H. Harvey
Opening Schumer’S Box: The Empirical Foundations Of Modern Consumer Finance Disclosure Law, Hosea H. Harvey
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
This Article explores the fundamental failure of Congress’ twenty-five-year quest to utilize disclosure as the primary tool to both regulate credit card issuers and educate consumers. From inception until present, reforms to this disclosure regime, even when premised on judgment and decision-making behavioralism, were nomothetic in orientation and ignored clear differences in population behavior and the heterogeniety of consumers. Current law prohibits credit card issuers from acquiring consumer socio-demographic data and prevents issuers and regulators from using market and policy experimentation to enhance disclosure’s efficacy. To explain why this regime was structured this way and why it must change, this …
Information Asymmetries In Consumer Credit Markets: Evidence From Payday Lending, Paige Marta Skiba, Will Dobbie
Information Asymmetries In Consumer Credit Markets: Evidence From Payday Lending, Paige Marta Skiba, Will Dobbie
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
Information asymmetries are prominent in theory but difficult to estimate. This paper exploits discontinuities in loan eligibility to test for moral hazard and adverse selection in the payday loan market. Regression discontinuity and regression kink approaches suggest that payday borrowers are less likely to default on larger loans. A $50 larger payday loan leads to a 17 to 33 percent drop in the probability of default. Conversely, there is economically and statistically significant adverse selection into larger payday loans when loan eligibility is held constant. Payday borrowers who choose a $50 larger loan are 16 to 47 percent more likely …
How America's Newest Consumer Credit Statute Fails To Protect Its Oldest Consumers: A Critique Of The Credit Card Act Of 2009, Michael A. Furlong
How America's Newest Consumer Credit Statute Fails To Protect Its Oldest Consumers: A Critique Of The Credit Card Act Of 2009, Michael A. Furlong
Oklahoma Law Review
No abstract provided.
Ability To Pay, John A. E. Pottow
Ability To Pay, John A. E. Pottow
Articles
The landmark Dodd-Frank Act of 2010 ("Dodd-Frank") transforms the regulation of consumer credit in the United States. Many of its changes have been high-profile, attracting considerable media and scholarly attention, most notably the establishment of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ("CFPB"). Even specific consumer reforms, such as a so-called "plain vanilla" proposal, drew hot debate and lobbying firepower. But when the dust settled, one profoundly transformative innovation that did not garner the same outrage as plain vanilla or the CFPB did get into the law: imposing upon lenders a duty to assure a borrower's ability to repay. Ensuring a borrower's …
Debt, Bankruptcy, And The Life Course, Allison Mann, Ronald J. Mann, Sophie Staples
Debt, Bankruptcy, And The Life Course, Allison Mann, Ronald J. Mann, Sophie Staples
Faculty Scholarship
This Essay considers the significance of credit markets and bankruptcy for life course mobility. Comparing parallel data from the 2007 Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) and the 2007 Consumer Bankruptcy Project (CBP), it analyzes use of the bankruptcy process as a function of the distribution of unplanned events, the ability of households to use credit markets to limit the adverse effects of such events, and barriers in access to the bankruptcy system. Our findings suggest two things. One, although the financial characteristics of filers vary markedly by age and race, bankrupt households generally come from the bottom quartiles of the …
The Law And Economics Of Subprime Lending, Todd J. Zywicki, Joseph D. Adamson
The Law And Economics Of Subprime Lending, Todd J. Zywicki, Joseph D. Adamson
University of Colorado Law Review
The collapse of the subprime mortgage market has led to calls for greater regulation to protect homeowners from unwittingly trapping themselves in high-cost loans that lead to foreclosure, bankruptcy, or other financial problems. Weighed against the losses of the widespread foreclosure crisis are the benefits of financial modernization that have accrued to many American families who have been able to become homeowners who otherwise would not have access to mortgage credit. The bust of the subprime mortgage market has resulted in high levels of foreclosures and unparalleled problems on Wall Street. However, the boom generated unprecedented levels of homeownership, especially …
Unsafe At Any Price, Ronald J. Mann
Unsafe At Any Price, Ronald J. Mann
Faculty Scholarship
Making Credit Safer is a fascinating collaboration between two scholars of very different bents. Elizabeth Warren's career rests oil decades of careful empirical research, integrated into trenchant policy analysis, and deeply informed by the cultural and social significance of debt. Oren Bar-Gill, by contrast, is a formally trained economist, who is at the start of his academic career, and has gained wide recognition for his successful application of theories of behavioral economics to the products that dominate the modern credit card industry.
Waging War With Wal-Mart: A Cry For Change Threatens The Future Of Industrial Loan Corporations, Zachariah J. Lloyd
Waging War With Wal-Mart: A Cry For Change Threatens The Future Of Industrial Loan Corporations, Zachariah J. Lloyd
Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law
No abstract provided.
Optimizing Consumer Credit Markets And Bankruptcy Policy, Ronald J. Mann
Optimizing Consumer Credit Markets And Bankruptcy Policy, Ronald J. Mann
Faculty Scholarship
This Article explores the relationship between consumer credit markets and bankruptcy policy. In general, I argue that the causative relationships running between borrowing and bankruptcy compel a new strategy for policing the conduct of lenders and borrowers in modern consumer credit markets. The strategy must be sensitive to the role of the credit card in lending markets and must recognize that both issuers and cardholders are well placed to respond to the increased levels of spending and indebtedness. In the latter parts of the Article, I recommend mandatory minimum payment requirements, a tax on distressed credit card debt, and the …
Credit Cards, Consumer Credit, And Bankruptcy, Ronald J. Mann
Credit Cards, Consumer Credit, And Bankruptcy, Ronald J. Mann
Faculty Scholarship
This paper analyzes the effects of credit card use on broader economic indicators, specifically consumer credit, and consumer bankruptcy filings. Using aggregate nation-level data from Australia, Canada, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, I find that credit card spending, lagged by 1-2 years, has a strong positive effect on consumer credit. Finally, I find a strong relation between credit card debt, lagged by 1-2 years, and bankruptcy, and a weaker relation between consumer credit, lagged by 1-2 years, and bankruptcy. The relations are robust across a variety of different lags and models that account for problems of multicollinearity …
Consuming Debt: Structuring The Federal Response To Abuses In Consumer Credit, Heidi Mandanis Schooner
Consuming Debt: Structuring The Federal Response To Abuses In Consumer Credit, Heidi Mandanis Schooner
Scholarly Articles
Predatory lending is an avaricious fraud that demands attention. Several states have enacted new laws to combat predatory lending. Moreover, the battle against predatory lending and other abusive practices has focused attention on the overall structure of consumer credit laws. The current structure is dual; both state and federal governments play significant roles in combating credit fraud. The dual structure has been the source of controversy as federal regulators have claimed the power to preempt state law. This article furthers the structural debate and the effort to combat predatory lending by examining the architecture of consumer credit laws within the …
The Usury Trompe L'Oeil, James J. White
The Usury Trompe L'Oeil, James J. White
Articles
This Article demonstrates how the interaction of a federal statute passed in 1864,1 a case decided by the Supreme Court in 1978,2 and modem technology has legally debarred every state legislature from controlling consumer interest rates in its state-but not from passing laws that appear to do so-and has politically debarred the Congress from setting federal rates to replace the state rates. As a consequence, the elaborate usury laws on the books of most states are only a trompe l'oeil, a "visual deception... rendered in extremely fine detail ... ." The presence of these finely detailed laws gives the illusion …
Rethinking The Regulation Of Coercive Creditor Remedies, Robert E. Scott
Rethinking The Regulation Of Coercive Creditor Remedies, Robert E. Scott
Faculty Scholarship
The phenomenal growth of personal installment credit over the past forty years has generated inevitable pressures for regulatory reform of consumer credit markets. Much of the impetus for consumer protection has stemmed from the perceived abuses that mark the process of coercive collection upon default. Some of these abuses have been identified, quite properly, as the sort of deceptive or fraudulent practices often associated with industries experiencing rapid growth. But other creditor remedies, though troublesome to many observers, cannot be as easily characterized. For example, many critics have challenged the common practice of self-help repossession and resale of consumer goods …
The Uccc: A Credit Code For Business, James S. Turner
The Uccc: A Credit Code For Business, James S. Turner
Kentucky Law Journal
No abstract provided.
The Uniform Consumer Credit Code: Changes It Would Make In Kentucky Law, Laura L. Murrell
The Uniform Consumer Credit Code: Changes It Would Make In Kentucky Law, Laura L. Murrell
Kentucky Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Should States Adopt The Uniform Consumer Credit Code?, George W. Stengel
Should States Adopt The Uniform Consumer Credit Code?, George W. Stengel
Kentucky Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Competing State And Federal Roles In Consumer Credit Law , Carl Felsenfeld
Competing State And Federal Roles In Consumer Credit Law , Carl Felsenfeld
Faculty Scholarship
An important problem confronting those in the consumer credit industry is the absence of a cohesive body of law. This impairs creditors of all types and also results in unequal treatment of consumers. In a comprehensive study Mfr. Felsenfeld analyzes the evolution from purely state regulation of consumer credit to a combination of state and federal control. The author suggests that, despite certain merits of local regulation, the consumer credit area may well be preempted by future federal legislation.
Disclosure Of Finance Charges: A Rationale, Robert L. Jordan, William D. Warren
Disclosure Of Finance Charges: A Rationale, Robert L. Jordan, William D. Warren
Michigan Law Review
One wonders whether in all of the talk generated about disclosure in the past few years the purposes of disclosing finance charges to consumers have not been somewhat obscured. This article is an attempt to examine the subject of disclosure from the standpoint of the function it performs in consumer credit transactions. We shall discuss the various methods of computing finance charges in the different segments of the finance industry, the functions of disclosure of finance charges and the feasibility of using different computational methods in each category of consumer transactions. The problems involved in requiring the disclosure of finance …