Law Commons^™

The Consequences Of Anonymous Access To The Financial Payment System, Richard T. Preiss

Penn State International Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Internet And U.S. Financial Markets, G. Philip Routledge

Penn State International Law Review

No abstract provided.

Banking Secrecy Lifted: The Swiss Act To Counter Attacks Launched As A Result Of Their Banks' Actions During World War Ii And Thereafter, Kathryn H. Lamont

Penn State International Law Review

No abstract provided.

Basle Committee International Capital Adequacy Standards: Analysis And Implications For The Banking Industry, Duncan E. Alford

Penn State International Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Hamiltonian Paradigm And The International Securities Market: Reversing American Industry's Relative Decline In The Twenty-First Century, Bernard M. Rethore

Penn State International Law Review

This article discusses the eighteenth century understanding of the subtle equilibrium between polity, economy, and government; the deleterious effect of the laissez-faire heterodoxy that entrenched itself during the nineteenth century; and, the adverse reaction that occurred in the twentieth century. In turn, this article shifts its inquiry toward the internationalization of world financial markets as a guide for how United States industry can reclaim its patrimony: by encouraging a re-adoption of the eighteenth century model of the proper balance between government and commerce. Finally, using the example provided by the move toward an international financial market, this article concludes that …

Treasury Secretary James Baker's "Program For Sustained Growth" For The International Debt Crisis: Three Steps Toward Global Financial Security, Nancy A. Aliquo

Penn State International Law Review

This comment will offer a brief overview of the factors leading up to the present international debt crisis. The second and third prongs of Secretary Baker's Program for Sustained Growth will then be analyzed with particular emphasis on the roles Secretary Baker recommends that the IMF, the World Bank, and multinational commercial lending institutions play in resolving the LDC crisis. Last, actions that must be taken by the LDCs as well as LDC demands for trade liberalization will be discussed, along with the effects such trade liberalization would have on the LDC debt situation.

International Electronic Funds Transfer System: Swift And Its Interface With The New Payments Code, Thomas J. Karl

Penn State International Law Review

Increase in international trade and travel in recent years has increased the volume of international payments, most of which have traditionally been handled by commercial banks. Because paper provided the legal basis for these transactions, they were carried out via fairly complicated documents transmitted by mail. When the sums involved were very large or the time factor particularly important, Telex was used to expedite the procedure.

These factors compelled the banking world to develop a computerized international transfer system. The desired system would facilitate processing international transactions through (1) a high degree of standardization in the types of documents, procedures, …

Extraterritorial Impact Of The United States Antitrust And Commercial Bribery Considerations, James G. Park

Penn State International Law Review

Historically, the United States has sought to impose its moralistic values extraterritorially. Our antitrust laws and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act are two well-known examples. Thus, in making the determination to engage in investment in the United States, a foreign entity must consider not only the more publicized restrictions of the Sherman Act and the Clayton Act on its activity within the borders of this country, but also be concerned with the extraterritorial impact of the United States' antitrust laws and the extent to which the decision to invest in the United States may create exposire under United States antitrust …

Special U.S. Rules Directly Affecting Foreign Investment, C. Tanner Rose Jr.

Penn State International Law Review

The purpose of this article is to provide a list of special U.S. rules which guide domestic attorneys in counseling foreign investors on tax and finance consequences of their transactions in the United States. A firm grasp of these rules, as a starting point, enables an attorney to formulate proper suggestions to foreign clients in acquiring property and conducting business without being subject to excessive tax consequences.

Antitrust Consideration In Making Investment In The United States, Thomas L. Vankirk

Penn State International Law Review

The antitrust laws of the United States have taken on an increasingly significant role with regard to acquisitions and investments generally, and must be taken into consideration by a foreign investor interested in making foreign investments in the United States. Where the requisite contracts exist to establish subject matter jurisdiction, the antitrust laws of the United States will be applied to all proscribed acts regardless of the nationality of the participants. It is clear that most foreign investment in the United States constitutes the requisite minimum contacts required for jurisdiction.

There are two primary antitrust areas which should be addressed …

The Foreign Investment In Real Property Act Of 1980, Lisa B. Petkun

Penn State International Law Review

For a number of years, foreign investors were able to invest in real property located in the United States and to avoid, to a great extent, the payment of United States income tax on the operating income from the property and on the gain realized upon the disposition of the property. However, with the enactment of the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980 ("FIRPTA") the ability of foreigners to avoid the United States tax gains realized upon the sale of real property located in the United States has been greatly circumscribed. To accomplish this result, FIRPTA added …

United States Taxation Of Foreign Direct Investment, Alan G. Cohate

Penn State International Law Review

This article, while broad in scope, is narrow in focus. It aims solely at those aspects of the United States' internal tax laws which should be considered by the foreign investor in planning for his investment. These tax considerations may affect the structure of operation of the business enterprise in the United States. The article is not intended as a short course in United States taxation, and the reader should be aware that the complexities of the United States Internal Revenue Code and the regulations issued thereunder are so great that no particular fact situation can be correctly analyzed except …