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Full-Text Articles in Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering
R&D Management In Iran, Opportunities And Threats, Nader Ale Ebrahim, Ali Ghazizadeh, Arash Golnam, Hamid Tahbaz Tavakoli
R&D Management In Iran, Opportunities And Threats, Nader Ale Ebrahim, Ali Ghazizadeh, Arash Golnam, Hamid Tahbaz Tavakoli
Nader Ale Ebrahim
Research and Development (R&D) management in Iran has faced many barriers and obstacles, in which R&D units are considered as the basic core of the product development and innovation. Due to structural shortcomings, a great number of organizations and industries have not yet been able to position themselves in the market. There are about 1141 R&D units throughout Iran, due to the geographical decentralization of these units this paper considers and analyzes the R&D case study in one of the provinces located in the north part of Iran, and the findings can be generalized to the other industrialized areas and …
Some Comparisons Among Quadratic, Spherical, And Logarithmic Scoring Rules, Eric Bickel
Some Comparisons Among Quadratic, Spherical, And Logarithmic Scoring Rules, Eric Bickel
Eric Bickel
Strictly proper scoring rules continue to play an important role in probability assessment. Although many such rules have been developed, relatively little guidance exists as to which rule is the most appropriate. In this paper, we discuss two important properties of quadratic, spherical, and logarithmic scoring rules. From an ex post perspective, we compare their rank order properties and conclude that both quadratic and spherical scoring perform poorly in this regard, relative to logarithmic. Second, from an ex ante perspective, we demonstrate that in many situations, logarithmic scoring is the method least affected by a nonlinear utility function. These results …