Engineering Commons^™

En-Fuels From Solid Waste Biomass By Thermo-Catalytic Reforming, Andreas Hornung, Andreas Apfelbacher, Robert Daschner, Nils Jäger, Jan Grundwald

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

Intermediate pyrolysis describes a process of converting feedstock by heating it up in the absence of oxygen under moderate, “intermediate” conditions. Typical conditions are a residence time for solids between 5 to 30 minutes, low heating rates and temperatures between 350 °C - 450 °C. Due to these conditions intermediate pyrolysis has remarkable advantages regarding the feedstock, compared to other processes based on flash pyrolysis. Large particles, like pellets or chips can be used. Dry matter content can be below 50% from a technical point of view. For economic reasons the dry matter should be more than 70 % to …

Evaluation Of The Antifungal Activity Of Cattle Manure Bio-Oil, Matheus Pinheiro Carvalho, Alberto Wisnievski Junior, Ingred Suellen Carvalho Carregosa, Wyllian Winckler Sartori, Maria Lucileide Nogueira Santos Ramos

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

Plant diseases are a threat to the health and functionality of both natural and man-made ecosystems. Diverse methods and strategies are being employed to prevent, ameliorate or control plant diseases. Unsustainable practices such as use and misuse of synthetic fungicides have caused severe harm to human health, wildlife and the environment (1). Fungal cause the most destructive plant diseases and impose major losses to both natural and production systems, and one of it is the fungi. Botanical fungicides are particularly sought after because they are abundant, selective, readily degraded, and are not toxic to mammals (2).

Bio-oils produced by rotatory …

Hydrothermal Conversion Of Micro-Algae As New Biomaterials For Pavement, Clemence Queffelec, Emmanuel Chailleux, Ilef Borghol, Bruno Bujoli, Dorothée Laurenti, Christophe Geantet, Nolven Guilhaume, Christophe Lombard

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

Bitumen is a non-renewable petroleum-derived product whose market is under pressure due to the fossil fuel depletion and the environmental pollution concerns. It is therefore important to anticipate the replacement of this material, heavy fraction of petroleum distillation, used mostly in road construction as a matrix of an aggregate composite material. In that context, it is necessary to look for alternatives or substitution products and find processes that can valorize new renewable biomasses.

Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract.

Slow Pyrolysis Of Lignin Rich Residue From Lignocellulosic Biorefining Operations, Paola Giudicianni, Corinna Maria Grottola, Raffaele Ragucci

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

Europe is committed to have a bio-based economy in 2030. It follows that a huge contribution of biorefinery products on the European demand for chemicals, energy, materials and fibers is expected in the near future. To be environmentally and economically sustainable, biorefinery will need to be flexible, versatile, energy and cost efficient [1]. In a lignocellulose based biorefinery, the sugar platform that leads to bioethanol and added-value products through biochemical processes represents a challenging option. After ethanol distillation a lignin reach residue (LRR) is produced and used as energy source. However, it is currently underutilized with about 60% more lignin …

Anaerobic Digestion Of The Aqueous Pyrolysis Condensate, Franco Berruti, Cesar Miguel Moreira Valenzuela, Lars Rehmann, Connie Wen

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

Fractional condensation of biomass pyrolysis vapors allows the segregation of different pyrolysis fractions and a separation of an aqueous pyrolysis condensate from an organic rich dry bio-oil fraction. Aqueous pyrolysis condensate is often referred at as “wood vinegar” or “pyroligneous acid” since it contains 70-80% water together with 10-20% acetic acid, and smaller quantities of acetone and methanol mixed with hundreds of other chemicals in small concentrations. Such aqueous pyrolysis condensate cannot be easily disposed of, and it may represent a valuable resource. For example, the significant percentage of acetic acid offers the opportunity to attempt its conversion into methane …

The Application Of Pyrolysis Biochar For Wastewater Treatment, Serge Kaliaguine, Raoof Bardestani

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

Pyrolysis as a common method of biocrude oil and biochar productions, is the thermal conversion of biomass under limited concentration of oxygen. Biochar, the solid product of pyrolysis process, is largely used in the applications connected with surface density of acidic functional groups (FGs) and biochar specific surface area (SSA), such as adsorption, catalysis, and soil amendment. In this work, the application of pyrolysis biochar in the adsorption of lead cations from aqueous solutions was investigated. Biochar was provided by Pyrovac Inc. (Québec, Canada) from shredded wood comprising 20% volume of spruce/fir and 80% pine (stem of Pinus strobus without …

Catalytic Pyrolysis, Sasha R.A. Kersten

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

No Abstracts.

Depolymerization Of Fractionated Wood By Hydrothermal Liquefaction, Felipe Buendia-Kandia, Nicolas Brosse, Guillain Mauviel, Anthony Dufour

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

Direct thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass produces a mixture of compounds that have to be separated to produce purified building blocks. Moreover, lignin derived products have a detrimental effect on further biological conversion processes, such as fermentation. For all these reasons, it is important to develop an integrated approach for a better fractionation and valorisation of macromolecules (carbohydrates and lignin) in bio-refineries.

Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract.

Characterization Of Hydroprocessed Fast Pyrolysis Oil Fractions, Mariefel V. Olarte, Asanga B. Padmaperuma

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

Production of renewable fuel from biomass has both environmental and national security implications. Considering that liquid transportation fuels massively affects the way we live, technology to produce fuels need to be both technologically-appropriate and economical. Fast pyrolysis remains as one of the most promising thermochemical processing technologies for converting solid biomass into a liquid that can be further upgraded into hydrocarbon fuels. The presence of various types of oxygen-containing functional groups confer pyrolysis oils with unwanted fuel properties such as acidity and low heating value. In order to remove these oxygen functionalities, catalytic hydrodeoxygenation or hydroprocessed is needed. This process …

Ternary System Of Pyrolytic Lignin, Mixed Solvent, And Water: Phase Diagram And Implications, Mingyang Li, Mingming Zhang, Yun Yu, Mingyang Li

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

Bio-oil from biomass fast pyrolysis is considered to be an important feedstock for the production of renewable fuels and green chemicals. Fast pyrolysis bio-oil generally contains a water-soluble fraction (excluding water), a water-insoluble fraction (i.e., pyrolytic lignin, PL), and water in a single phase. However, phase separation can occur during bio-oil transport, storage, and processing. In this study, a mixed solvent (MS) is developed based on the compositions of various fast pyrolysis bio-oils produced from a wide range of feedstocks and reactor systems. Experiments are then carried out to investigate the phase behavior of the PL/MS/water ternary system. Several ternary …

Electrochemical Upgrading Of Bio-Oil: A Proof-Of-Principle Investigation, Mehmet Pala, Kun Guo, Wolter Prins, Frederik Ronsse, Korneel Rabaey, Antonin Prévoteau

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

Fast pyrolysis is an advanced thermochemical conversion technology developed to produce bio-oil from biomass. With lignocellulosic biomass, high product yields (65-75 wt.%) can be attained. Yet, certain unfavorable characteristics of bio-oil impede its utilization prospects. High water content, high oxygen content, together with instability and acidity are the recognized adverse features of bio-oil. Tackling these issues is possible by reducing the oxygen content and/or steering the oxygen functionality of bio-oils.

Electrochemical hydrogenation (ECH) is a recently proposed approach targeting the reduction of the reactive compounds in bio-oil (aldehydes, ketones etc.) to their corresponding alcohols, diols [1]. In this attractive approach, …

Upgrading Of Wheat/Barley And Miscanthus Bio-Oil Over A Sulphided Catalyst, Bogdan Shumeiko, Miloš Auersvald, David Kubička, Petr Straka, Pavel Šimáček, Dan Vrtiška

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

In recent years, the production of biofuels from non-food crops wastes and harvesting residues plays an important role in the improvement of the global environment and in the replacement of declining oil reserves¹. Hydrogenation of lignocellulosic bio-oil is attracting much attention as a suitable way to produce petroleum-refinery compatible feedstock. Primarily, hydrogenation of bio-oil is carried out under severe reaction conditions in two-stage fixed-bed reactors, filled with a noble metal catalyst in the first zone and with a sulphided catalyst in the second zone². This setup allows producing low-oxygen upgraded bio-oil, however, it is economically unviable …

Pyrolysis Of Aerobic Sewage Sludge, Green Wastes And Refuse Derived Fuels At High Temperatures In Bubbling Fluidized Bed Reactor, Sid Ahmed Kessas, Mehrdji Hémati, Thomas Esteves

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

Effect of temperature during Flash Pyrolysis of solid wastes (Green wastes -GW-, sewage sludge -SS- and refuse-derived fuels -RDF-) in inert atmosphere was investigated in the present study. Pyrolysis was carried out in a dense fluidized bed reactor of laboratory scale (2.5 m height, 0.214 m inner diameter) where wastes are fed continuously. Experiments were conducted at temperatures between 700 and 900°C with different types of fluidized media to highlight the effect of these parameters as well as the influence of the waste nature on gas production rate and carbon distribution into pyrolysis products. For instance, the syngas produced during …

Environmental Assessment Of Pyrolysis In Biorefineries Based On Palm Oil Wastes, Electo Eduardo Silva Lora, York Castillo Santiago, Eric Alberto Ocampo Battle, José Carlos Escobar Palacio, Osvaldo José Venturini, Diego Mauricio Yepes Maya, Alberto Albis Arrieta

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

The oil palm industry is one of the largest producers of residual biomass, leading to environmental and economic concerns. For this reason, the concept of biorefinery is emerging as a means to create new ways of converting biomass into new types of renewable products bioenergetics that can contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gases. In this context, this document presents a study that consisting of a biorefinery configuration in a Palm Oil Mill (POM), considering the fast pyrolysis process to produce bio-oil and biochar, and an extraction / trans-esterification stage to produce biodiesel and glycerin in the POM. The environmental …

Challenges And Opportunities For The Synthesis Of Novel Pyrolysis Oil Refineries, Manuel Garcia-Perez, Anamaria Pp Pires

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

Bio-oil derived from fast pyrolysis of lingo-cellulosic materials is among the most complex and inexpensive raw oils that can be produced today. Although commercial or demonstration scale fast pyrolysis units can readily produce this oil, this industry has not grown to significant commercial impact due to the lack of bio-oil market pull. In this presentation we will review the challenges and opportunities for bio-oil upgrading and refining. Pyrolysis oil consists of six major fractions. (water 15-30 wt.%, light oxygenates, 8-26 wt. %, mono-phenols, 2-7 wt.%, water insoluble oligomers derived from lignin 15-25wt.%, and water soluble heavy molecules 10-30 wt.%). The …

Influence Of Reactor Type On Production Cost Of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil, Nicolaus Dahmen, Axel Funke, Jörg Sauer

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

The design of a fast pyrolysis reactor to convert biomass has a decisive influence on quality and yield of fast pyrolysis bio-oil (FPBO). Quality requirements are comparably low for the application of FPBO as gasifier fuel for subsequent conversion to synthesis gas, e.g. in the case of the bioliq® concept to convert (ash-rich) agricultural residues to drop-in, 2^nd generation biofuels. Within this concept, one optimization parameter of fast pyrolysis is to maximize carbon yield in the liquid product while keeping product requirements that allow feeding into a high-pressurized entrained flow gasifier. This optimization space allows for a more flexible …

Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil Production In An Entrained Flow Reactor Pilot, Marine Peyrot, P. Castellia, C. Perret, S. Ravel, G. Vaitilingom, B. Piriou

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

Bio-oil produced from biomass fast pyrolysis could constitute an alternative to fossil liquid fuels, especially to be combusted for local district heating. So far, only few studies have dealt with bio-oil production by biomass fast pyrolysis in an entrained flow reactor [1], yet it could constitute an alternative to the better-known fluidised bed pyrolysis process.

In the context of the BOIL project with the CCIAG Company (Grenoble district heating), a new pilot based on an entrained flow reactor concept has been designed [2]. The pilot design has been carried out on the basis of woody biomass fast pyrolysis experiments and …

Comparison Among Technical And Milled Wood Lignins Through Principal Component Analysis Of Ftir Spectra, Manuel Garcia-Perez, Erika Bartolomei, Yann Le Brech, Anthony Dufour, Evan Terrell

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

With the growth of biomass processing in biorefineries, there is an increasing need to develop rapid and simple methods for biomass characterization. One important component of biomass that is of signification interest in pyrolysis and liquefaction research is lignin, which is the world’s predominant source of renewable aromatic carbon. Due to its complex, heterogeneous nature and distinct variations among different biomass feedstocks, the characterization of lignins presents a unique challenge. In this study, we will show that clear divisions and comparisons can be made among a variety of lignins based on their FTIR spectra quantitatively assessed through principal component analysis …

Hydrothermal Liquefaction Of Organic Waste Streams On A Continuous Pilot Scale Reactor, Patrick Biller, Konstantinos Anastasakis, Aidan Smith, Juliano Souza Dos Passos, Ib Johannsen

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technology for biofuel production and treatment of organic wastes and biomass. Due to the wet nature of the process where biomass is heated in an aqueous slurry at 350°C and 200 bar, wet biomass and wet wastes are particularly suited for the process. The current study investigates the utilization of wastewater treatment sludges and other organic wastes for the production of sustainable petroleum replacement products. The work has been carried out on a pilot scale continuous hydrothermal liquefaction reactor with a novel oscillating flow system and heat exchanger. The influence of these are discussed …

Ablative Fast Pyrolysis Of Biomass: A New Demonstration Project In California, Usa, Dietrich Meier, Christoph Eusterbrock, Brian Gannon

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

California is the fifth largest economy in the world and has about 40 million inhabitants. The California federal government has decided to stick to the Paris climate change agreement by 2030. For many years, California has been feeling the effects of global warming caused by the largest tree extinction in modern history, a five-year dry spell and resulting bark beetle plague, and severe forest fires coupled with heavy winds, heavy rains, and rising sea levels. California is therefore promoting the use of biogenic fuels in the transport sector. In spring 2017, there was a grant funding opportunity from the California …

Pyrolysis Of Polyethylene-Lined Waste Paper Cups, Franco Berruti, Connie Wen, Lars Rehmann, Cesar Miguel Moreira Valenzuela

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

Fractional condensation of biomass pyrolysis vapors allows the segregation of different pyrolysis fractions and a separation of an aqueous pyrolysis condensate from an organic rich dry bio-oil fraction. Aqueous pyrolysis condensate is often referred at as “wood vinegar” or “pyroligneous acid” since it contains 70-80% water together with 10-20% acetic acid, and smaller quantities of acetone and methanol mixed with hundreds of other chemicals in small concentrations. Such aqueous pyrolysis condensate cannot be easily disposed of, and it may represent a valuable resource. For example, the significant percentage of acetic acid offers the opportunity to attempt its conversion into methane …

Parametric Study Of Lab-Scale And Pilot-Scale Biomass Torrefaction For The Production Of Woodstove Briquettes, Anna Trubetskaya, J.J. Leahy, Marzena Kwapinska, Robert Johnson, Rory F.D. Monaghan

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

Conversion of torrefied olive residues to high-density briquettes is a potential solution to solid waste problems as well as to the lack of locally available fuel wood in Ireland. In this study, olive stones were torrefied at various temperatures and holding times in a fixed-bed reactor. Effects of process parameters such as heat treatment temperature from 200 to 300℃, residence time from 30 to 60 min, and particle size from 0.18 to 3 mm on the yield and composition of products were investigated and the results were compared with the mass balances from industrial-scale torrefaction plant at the Arigna Fuels …

Thermolysis Of Plastic Waste: Reactor Comparison, Muhammad Saad Qureshi, Anja Oasmaa, Christian Lindfors

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

Plastic waste offers an attractive business opportunity if treated intelligently. Presently, owing to the lack of economically viable recycling solutions and political interest, this valuable feedstock is bound for an ill-fated destiny i.e. landfills and inefficient incineration. Landfilling plastic waste is rather a storage mechanism than a prevention mechanism. Plastics can stay in ground and in oceans for hundreds of years without decomposing, posing serious environmental hazards. Given the complexity of the plastic waste mixture and heterogeneity of waste streams, a single recycling solution is improbable; however, the current environmental situation demands an urgent need to find ways to tackle …

Synergistic Effects Of Bimetallic Mo-W Carbide In Hydrodeoxygenation Of Guaiacol, Serge Kaliaguine, Chi Cong Tran, Arghya Banerjee, Samir H. Mushrif

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

Bimetallic MO-W carbide was synthesized via temperature-programmed reduction to generate a β-Mo₂C like phase with bulk morphology in order to investigate the synergistic effects of a combination of molybdenum and tungsten in carbide. The solid was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ physisorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H₂-chemisorption, and ammonia temperature programmed desorption (TPD-NH₃). The bimetallic carbide exhibited a significantly higher density of H₂-activating sites than the corresponding monometallic carbides prepared using the same method. In the HDO of guaiacol at 350^oC, MoWC yielded the highest hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) catalytic …

Manipulation Of Product Distributions In Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Using Molten Polymers, Hsi-Wu Wong, Melisa Nallar

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

Biomass fast pyrolysis has attracted significant attention due to high yields (> 75 wt%) of liquid products. A major drawback to biomass fast pyrolysis is the diverse product distributions of this liquid fraction, making subsequent upgrading and separation operations expensive. Using catalysts to accelerate pathways to desired products have been actively researched to resolve this problem. A complementary strategy is to suppress undesired pathways via inhibition, which is commonly utilized in enzymatic, combustion, and polymerization reactions but rarely explored in biomass fast pyrolysis.

Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract.

Challenges And Progresses Made On The Microkinetic Description Of Lignin Liquefaction: Application Of Group Contribution Methods, Manuel Garcia-Perez, Evan Terrell, Linda Broadbelt

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

In this presentation a comprehensive microkinetic modelling framework and experimental tools are used to describe product yield and composition of direct lignin liquefaction processes with and without solvents (See Figure 1). With the framework proposed we aim to develop a unified theory and models capable of describing both dry (pyrolysis) and wet (hydrothermal and solvolysis) lignin liquefaction processes. An important phenomenon that has been shown to occur during lignin pyrolysis (as well as cellulose) is the formation of a liquid intermediate phase, and subsequent ejection of heavy products (>~250 Da) as aerosols from this intermediate. In our presentation we …

Pyrolysis Of Lignin-Rich Biomass For Renewable Aromatics, Materials Paul De Wild

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

Currently, several national projects are conducted as an activity along the thermochemical horizon towards functionalized aromatics from lignin and lignin-rich biomass sources in the framework of the BIORIZON shared research center in the south of the Netherlands [1]. Regarding the pyrolytic valorization of lignin-rich biomass towards aromatic chemicals for various applications, it is thought that the collection of pyrolysis vapors in separate fractions [2] offers interesting opportunities for valorization, e.g. towards (additives for) bitumen, resins, rubber and specific marine biofuels. For these high market volume – medium market value products, earlier work has revealed that the application of lignin as …

Heat Of Reaction Of Hydrothermal Liquefaction Reactions, Morgane Briand, Geert Haarlemmer, Pascal Fongarland, Anne Roubaud

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

Wet waste streams include a wide variety of products such as food processing residues, sewage sludge but also the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Humidity typically varies from 50 to above 90 %. Dewatering and drying is possible for most feedstocks but at a significant cost. Hydrothermal liquefaction produces a biocrude that can be further upgraded into biofuels. The conversion takes place at temperatures between 250 and 400 °C and at pressures above the saturation pressure to ensure that water remains in the liquid phase, typically above 100 bar [1]. Even though the basic principles of hydrothermal liquefaction are …

Kinetic Of Biobased Bitumen Synthesis From Microalgae Biomass By Hydrothermal Liquefaction, Antoine Rolland, Alain Sarda, Gaël Colomines, Emmanuel Chailleux, Eric Leroy

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

The current worldwide consumption of bitumen is about 100 million tons. A remarkable combination of properties (adhesion, impermeability to water, specific thermo-rheological behavior) makes it a key material in road construction. Today’s bitumen is mostly obtained from petroleum refining, so bioabased alternatives have to be explored for the future. The ALGOROUTE project funded by the French National Agency for Research (ANR) focuses on the use of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process for the production of bitumen mimicking binders from microalgae biomass. HTL applied to microalgae is inspired by the geological process of petroleum formation, but on a very short time scale: …

Co2 Participation In Cross-Linking Reactions And Char Formation During Bio-Oil Pyrolysis, Farid Chejne, Javier Alonso Ordoñez, Carlos F. Valdes

Pyroliq 2019: Pyrolysis and Liquefaction of Biomass and Wastes

The integration of new CO2 capture and storage technologies into energy generation processes has led to the development and study of the oxy-fuel combustion, in which the nitrogen in the air is replaced by recirculated CO2 that facilitates its capture and storage to reduce polluting emissions. Currently, the integration of oxy-fuel technologies with the use of new fuels such as bio-oil obtained from the pyrolysis of biomass is a topic of interest. In this case, the CO2 content surrounding the bio-oil droplets modifies the pyrolysis mechanism due to barriers in the diffusion of light volatiles at low temperatures (less than …