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Articles 1 - 30 of 128
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Differential Regulation Of Articular Cartilage Tensile Properties By Igf-1 And Tgf-Β1 During In Vitro Growth, M. E. Stender, N. T. Balcom, B. Berg-Johansen, K. J. Dills, D. Dyk, S. J. Hazelwood, A. C. Chen, R. L. Sah, S. M. Klisch
Differential Regulation Of Articular Cartilage Tensile Properties By Igf-1 And Tgf-Β1 During In Vitro Growth, M. E. Stender, N. T. Balcom, B. Berg-Johansen, K. J. Dills, D. Dyk, S. J. Hazelwood, A. C. Chen, R. L. Sah, S. M. Klisch
Mechanical Engineering
No abstract provided.
Review Of Package Warning Labels And Their Effect On Consumer Behaviour With Insights To Future Anticounterfeit Strategy Of Label And Communication Systems, John Spink, Jay Singh, S. Paul Singh
Review Of Package Warning Labels And Their Effect On Consumer Behaviour With Insights To Future Anticounterfeit Strategy Of Label And Communication Systems, John Spink, Jay Singh, S. Paul Singh
Industrial Technology and Packaging
This paper investigates and reviews literature regarding a range of topics important to the research question – the themes apply across all the topics. The topics include label and package warnings, including tamperevident features, to review their effect on the consumer behaviour of changing usage or purchase decisions. This information was then applied to gain insight into anticounterfeit product/package efforts. Based on this research, it appears that there is value for brand marketers to enhance their anticounterfeit efforts and consumer confidence by utilizing warning labels and information labels on their labels or packages. Currently, consumer perception of a domestic counterfeit …
Wavelength Dependence Of Transverse Mode Coupling With/Without E-Block Of Gan Laser Cavity, K. Lal, G. Chavoor, Xiaomin Jin
Wavelength Dependence Of Transverse Mode Coupling With/Without E-Block Of Gan Laser Cavity, K. Lal, G. Chavoor, Xiaomin Jin
Electrical Engineering
Transverse mode wavelength dependence in the gallium nitride (GaN) laser cavity is a new topic. Modal analysis simulations are run to optimize the blue GaN-based laser diode with a wavelength of 400, 430, and 460 nm. It is shown that the optical confinement factor (OCF) has a strong dependence on wavelength of emission and electron-block (e-block) thickness. The OCF can be changed from 4.9% at a 460-nm wavelength to 7.6% at 400 nm, which is a 55% difference. The effect of adding an e-block layer of different widths is also investigated with results showing that an e-block layer can change …
The Sources Of Heat Generation In Vibrothermography, Jeremy Renshaw, John Chen, Stephen Holland, R. Bruce Thompson
The Sources Of Heat Generation In Vibrothermography, Jeremy Renshaw, John Chen, Stephen Holland, R. Bruce Thompson
Mechanical Engineering
Vibrothermography, or sonic IR, is a nondestructive evaluation technique used to find surface and near surface defects—such as cracks and delaminations—through observations of vibration-induced heat generation. This method has significant interest as an industrial inspection method, however, a lack of understanding of the fundamental physics governing the heat generation process has limited its application despite extensive theoretical, numerical simulation, and experimental work. Significant theoretical and numerical simulation work has been performed, but has yet to be rigorously verified experimentally. This paper presents experimental verification of the sources of heat generation in vibrothermography; specifically friction, plasticity, and viscoelasticity. Specific experimental evidence …
Electric Vehicle Safety, Art Maccarley
Velocity Contour Weighting Method. Ii: Evaluation In Trapezoidal Channels And Roughness Sensitivity, Daniel Howes, Brett F. Sanders
Velocity Contour Weighting Method. Ii: Evaluation In Trapezoidal Channels And Roughness Sensitivity, Daniel Howes, Brett F. Sanders
BioResource and Agricultural Engineering
The Velocity Contour Weighting Method (VCWM) was developed in Part I to accurately estimate the cross-sectional average velocity of a prismatic channel flow using acoustic Doppler velocity meter (ADVM) measurements of centerline velocity. Here, the VCWM is validated by its successful application to 25 different concrete-lined trapezoidal channels used for irrigation water delivery. At each site, the cross-sectional distribution of velocity is measured by an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV), which is moved horizontally and vertically through a sampling grid. Multiple tests at some sites led to a total of 51 sets of cross-sectional measurements. ADVM measurements are simulated by interpolating …
Velocity Contour Weighting Method. I: Algorithm Development And Laboratory Testing, Daniel J. Howes, Brett F. Sanders
Velocity Contour Weighting Method. I: Algorithm Development And Laboratory Testing, Daniel J. Howes, Brett F. Sanders
BioResource and Agricultural Engineering
An algorithm is developed for real-time estimation of the cross-sectional average velocity of a channel flow by using an upward-looking pulsed wave acoustic Doppler velocity meters (ADVM). The Velocity Contour Weighting Method (VCWM) is applicable to gradually varied flows in prismatic channels and requires little to no calibration. VCWM estimates the average velocity as a weighted average of ADVM bin velocities. Weights are based on the velocity distribution sampled by the ADVM. Collectively, the VCWM is able to adapt to a wide range of channel geometry and roughness features. Expressions for the velocity weights are developed by first applying a …
Irrigation Engineering In Seismic Zones - Mexicali Valley, Mexico, Alan Dennis Gracia, Charles M. Burt, Mario Paredes Vallejo
Irrigation Engineering In Seismic Zones - Mexicali Valley, Mexico, Alan Dennis Gracia, Charles M. Burt, Mario Paredes Vallejo
BioResource and Agricultural Engineering
On April 4, 2010 an earthquake of Richter magnitude 7.2 occurred with an epicenter south of Mexicali within the irrigated zone of Mexicali Valley. Extensive damage occurred to main and lateral canal structures, plus to field irrigation systems and the main drainage network. This paper describes the engineering for a new major irrigation water conveyance system to service the most heavily impacted zone of 80,000 acres. Considerations included identification of the causes of the damage, selection of canal versus pipeline, relocation costs of people along new routes, and improved flexibility of water delivery. Major investigations regarding soils, topography, etc. were …
Agricultural Irrigation Using Municipal Effluent, Charles M. Burt
Agricultural Irrigation Using Municipal Effluent, Charles M. Burt
BioResource and Agricultural Engineering
The paper describes the development of a design and management plan for disposing of secondary effluent originating in the urban communities. It highlights the differences in approach that a public utility must take, versus a typical agricultural irrigation application. Costs and requirements for municipal effluent irrigation are many times greater. The complexity of regulations and agency procurement procedures relegates the actual irrigation system design to a relatively small role in the total project.
A Study Of Solder Joint Failure Criteria, Jianbiao Pan, Julie Silk
A Study Of Solder Joint Failure Criteria, Jianbiao Pan, Julie Silk
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
One of the challenges in an experimental study of solder joint reliability is to determine when cracks occur in a solder joint or when a solder joint fails. Cracks in a real solder joint are difficult to identify using an X-Ray system. Cross-sectioning and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a destructive method. A common non-destructive test method is to monitor resistance increase in a solder joint or a daisy-chain. However, no scientific research has been done in establishing the relationship between the crack area of an interconnection and the change in resistance of the interconnection. This paper proposes a method …
Constrained Hermite Tls For Mesh-Free Derivative Estimation Near And On Boundaries, Robert A. Mcdonald, Alejandro Ramos
Constrained Hermite Tls For Mesh-Free Derivative Estimation Near And On Boundaries, Robert A. Mcdonald, Alejandro Ramos
Aerospace Engineering
A Taylor series least-squares approach to estimating derivatives on scattered data is extended to include derivative observation or specification. This approach allows improved estimation of derivatives near boundaries as compared with the standard ghost node approach. It also enables a unique method of estimating derivatives in a surface using only surface data.
Considerations For Numerical Modeling Of Inverted Wings In Ground Effects, Graham Doig, Tracie J. Barber
Considerations For Numerical Modeling Of Inverted Wings In Ground Effects, Graham Doig, Tracie J. Barber
Aerospace Engineering
No abstract provided.
The Irrigation Sector Shift From Construction To Modernization: What Is Required For Success?, Charles M. Burt
The Irrigation Sector Shift From Construction To Modernization: What Is Required For Success?, Charles M. Burt
BioResource and Agricultural Engineering
External pressures related to environmental protection, commodity prices, energy availability, larger populations, and climate change have combined to require an immediate and substantial improvement in agricultural irrigation performance. Worldwide progression towards modernized irrigation projects has been uneven and slower than desired, but decades of irrigation modernization development have clarified certain requirements for success, as well as illuminated indicators of project failure. Of particular importance are required shifts within the state and national irrigation bureaucracies, as well as universities.
Effect Of Gold Content On The Reliability Of Snagcu Solder Joints, Jianbiao Pan, J. Silk, M. Powers, P. Hyland
Effect Of Gold Content On The Reliability Of Snagcu Solder Joints, Jianbiao Pan, J. Silk, M. Powers, P. Hyland
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Electroplated Ni/Au over Cu is a popular metallization for printed circuit board finish as well as for component leads, especially wire-bondable high-frequency packages, where the gold thickness requirement for wire bonding is high. The general understanding is that less than 3 wt% of Au is acceptable in SnPb solder joints. However, little is known about the effect of Au content on the reliability of SnAgCu solder joints. The purpose of this paper is to determine the acceptable level of Au in SAC305 solder joints. Three different package platforms with different Au thicknesses were assembled on boards with two different Au …
A Parallel Energy-Sharing Control For Fuel Cell-Battery- Ultracapacitor Hybrid Vehicle, Jennhwa Wong, N.R. N. Idris, Makbul Anwari, Taufik Taufik
A Parallel Energy-Sharing Control For Fuel Cell-Battery- Ultracapacitor Hybrid Vehicle, Jennhwa Wong, N.R. N. Idris, Makbul Anwari, Taufik Taufik
Electrical Engineering
This paper proposes a parallel energy-sharing control for fuel cell hybrid vehicles (FCHVs) application. The hybrid source consists of fuel cells (FCs) stack, battery packs and Ultracapacitor (UC) modules. In the proposed parallel energy sharing control, each source is connected to a DC bus via power electronics converters. A total of six control loops are applied in the supervisory system in order to regulate the DC bus voltage, control of power flow and at the same time to monitor the state of charge (SOC) of each energy storage device. Simulation with experiment verifications are carried out to verify the proposed …
Modeling The Collagen Fibril Network Of Biological Tissues As A Nonlinearly Elastic Material Using A Continuous Volume Fraction Distribution Function, Reza Shirazi, Pasquale Vena, Robert L. Sah, Stephen M. Klisch
Modeling The Collagen Fibril Network Of Biological Tissues As A Nonlinearly Elastic Material Using A Continuous Volume Fraction Distribution Function, Reza Shirazi, Pasquale Vena, Robert L. Sah, Stephen M. Klisch
Mechanical Engineering
Despite distinct mechanical functions, biological soft tissues have a common microstructure in which a ground matrix is reinforced by a collagen fibril network. The microstructural properties of the collagen network contribute to continuum mechanical tissue properties that are strongly anisotropic with tensile-compressive asymmetry. In this study, a novel approach based on a continuous distribution of collagen fibril volume fractions is developed to model fibril reinforced soft tissues as nonlinearly elastic and anisotropic material. Compared with other approaches that use a normalized number of fibrils for the definition of the distribution function, this representation is based on a distribution parameter (i.e. …
Quality Of Traffic Flow On Urban Arterial Streets And Its Relationship With Safety, Vinayak V. Dixit, Anurag Pande, Mohamed Abdel-Aty, Abhishek Das, Essam Radwan
Quality Of Traffic Flow On Urban Arterial Streets And Its Relationship With Safety, Vinayak V. Dixit, Anurag Pande, Mohamed Abdel-Aty, Abhishek Das, Essam Radwan
Civil and Environmental Engineering
The two-fluid model for vehicular traffic flow explains the traffic on arterials as a mix of stopped and running vehicles. It describes the relationship between the vehicles’ running speed and the fraction of running vehicles. The two parameters of the model essentially represent ‘free flow’ travel time and level of interaction among vehicles, and may be used to evaluate urban roadway networks and urban corridors with partially limited access. These parameters are influenced by not only the roadway characteristics but also by behavioral aspects of driver population, e.g., aggressiveness. Two-fluid models are estimated for eight arterial corridors in Orlando, FL …
Mission Performance Considered As Point Performance In Aircraft Design, Robert A. Mcdonald
Mission Performance Considered As Point Performance In Aircraft Design, Robert A. Mcdonald
Aerospace Engineering
The cruise or loiter performance of an aircraft is intimately tied to its wing loading and its thrust-to-weight ratio. Paradoxically, mission performance is often not considered when these fundamental aircraft parameters are determined in conceptual design. In this paper, the traditional constraint diagram is extended to include contours of range or endurance parameter. These performance metrics represent the mission-performance capability of the aircraft without sizing the aircraft to a particular mission. This gives the designer an immediate and intuitive understanding of the tradeoff between the point and mission performance of the aircraft. The potential freedom for the designer to choose …
Sustainable Development - Learning Objectives, Jane Qiong Zhang, Linda Vanasupa
Sustainable Development - Learning Objectives, Jane Qiong Zhang, Linda Vanasupa
Materials Engineering
This document is a list of learning objectives based on the framework of Fink’s taxonomy of significant learning: foundational knowledge, application, integration, human dimension, caring, and learning how to learn. It represents the aspirations for learning that the sustainable development is based on.
Sustainable Development, Jane Qiong Zhang, Linda Vanasupa
Sustainable Development, Jane Qiong Zhang, Linda Vanasupa
Materials Engineering
This document is a set of learning materials to support the teaching of Sustainable Development issues particularly related to sustainability in engineering. It is designed for the general engineering or science audience. Its design is based on the framework of the Fink Taxonomy of Significant Learning. The document is a fully-editable set of slides in open source format (pptx) that includes references to targeted learning objectives on each slide and annotations in the notes section of each slide.
Sustainable Development - Activities, Jane Qiong Zhang, Linda Vanasupa
Sustainable Development - Activities, Jane Qiong Zhang, Linda Vanasupa
Materials Engineering
The document contains activities for students in higher education. These activities are focused on sustainable development issues related to sustainability. It is designed for the general engineering or science audience. Its design is based on the framework of the Fink Taxonomy of Significant Learning. Each activity includes a profile that indicates whether the activity involves direct or indirect information sources, whether the experience is doing or observing and whether it involves individual or group reflection. The profile also includes notes for faculty, an estimate of the time investment, a graphic of the developmental aims with respect to the six areas …
Energy - Activities, Jane Qiong Zhang, Linda Vanasupa
Energy - Activities, Jane Qiong Zhang, Linda Vanasupa
Materials Engineering
The document contains activities for students in higher education. These activities are focused on energy issues related to sustainability. It is designed for the general engineering or science audience. Its design is based on the framework of the Fink Taxonomy of Significant Learning. Each activity includes a profile that indicates whether the activity involves direct or indirect information sources, whether the experience is doing or observing and whether it involves individual or group reflection. The profile also includes notes for faculty, an estimate of the time investment, a graphic of the developmental aims with respect to the six areas of …
Energy, Jane Qiong Zhang, Linda Vanasupa
Energy, Jane Qiong Zhang, Linda Vanasupa
Materials Engineering
This document is a set of learning materials to support the teaching of energy issues particularly related to sustainability in engineering. It is designed for the general engineering or science audience. Its design is based on the framework of the Fink Taxonomy of Significant Learning. The document is a fully-editable set of slides in open source format (pptx) that includes references to targeted learning objectives on each slide and annotations in the notes section of each slide.
Energy - Learning Objectives, Jane Qiong Zhang, Linda Vanasupa
Energy - Learning Objectives, Jane Qiong Zhang, Linda Vanasupa
Materials Engineering
This document is a list of learning objectives based on the framework of Fink’s taxonomy of significant learning: foundational knowledge, application, integration, human dimension, caring, and learning how to learn. It represents the aspirations for learning that the energy is based on.
Fink Taxonomy Of Significant Learning, Jane Qiong Zhang, Linda Vanasupa
Fink Taxonomy Of Significant Learning, Jane Qiong Zhang, Linda Vanasupa
Materials Engineering
This document is graphical summary of the framework within the Fink Taxonomy of Significant Learning and the definition of each of the six areas of significant learning.
Systems Thinking - Activities, Jane Qiong Zhang, Linda Vanasupa
Systems Thinking - Activities, Jane Qiong Zhang, Linda Vanasupa
Materials Engineering
The document contains activities for students in higher education. These activities are focused on systems thinking issues related to sustainability. It is designed for the general engineering or science audience. Its design is based on the framework of the Fink Taxonomy of Significant Learning. Each activity includes a profile that indicates whether the activity involves direct or indirect information sources, whether the experience is doing or observing and whether it involves individual or group reflection. The profile also includes notes for faculty, an estimate of the time investment, a graphic of the developmental aims with respect to the six areas …
Systems Thinking, Jane Qiong Zhang, Linda Vanasupa
Systems Thinking, Jane Qiong Zhang, Linda Vanasupa
Materials Engineering
This document is a set of learning materials to support the teaching of systems thinking issues particularly related to sustainability in engineering. It is designed for the general engineering or science audience. Its design is based on the framework of the Fink Taxonomy of Significant Learning. The document is a fully-editable set of slides in open source format (pptx) that includes references to targeted learning objectives on each slide and annotations in the notes section of each slide.
Systems Thinking - Assessment, Jane Qiong Zhang, Linda Vanasupa
Systems Thinking - Assessment, Jane Qiong Zhang, Linda Vanasupa
Materials Engineering
The document contains an assessment activity for an individual or team project in higher education. These assessments are focused on systems thinking issues related to sustainability. It is designed for the general engineering or science audience. Its design is based on the framework of the Fink Taxonomy of Significant Learning. Each assessment consists of a scenario in which the student is an actor who must address some design dilemma. The assessment also includes an estimate of the time investment, a detailed list of learning objectives with respect to the six areas of development within the Fink Taxonomy, and a suggested …
Systems Thinking - Learning Objectives, Jane Qiong Zhang, Linda Vanasupa
Systems Thinking - Learning Objectives, Jane Qiong Zhang, Linda Vanasupa
Materials Engineering
This document is a list of learning objectives based on the framework of Fink’s taxonomy of significant learning: foundational knowledge, application, integration, human dimension, caring, and learning how to learn. It represents the aspirations for learning that the systems thinking is based on.
Materials - Activities, Jane Qiong Zhang, Linda Vanasupa
Materials - Activities, Jane Qiong Zhang, Linda Vanasupa
Materials Engineering
The document contains activities for students in higher education. These activities are focused on materials issues related to sustainability. It is designed for the general engineering or science audience. Its design is based on the framework of the Fink Taxonomy of Significant Learning. Each activity includes a profile that indicates whether the activity involves direct or indirect information sources, whether the experience is doing or observing and whether it involves individual or group reflection. The profile also includes notes for faculty, an estimate of the time investment, a graphic of the developmental aims with respect to the six areas of …