Engineering Commons^™

Self Consistent Bathymetric Mapping Using Sub-Maps: Survey Results From The Tag Hydrothermal Structure, C. Roman, R. Reves-Sohn, H. Singh, S. Humphris

Christopher N. Roman

The spatial resolution of microbathymetry maps created using robotic vehicles such as ROVs, AUVs and manned submersibles in the deep ocean is currently limited by the accuracy of the vehicle navigation data. Errors in the vehicle position estimate commonly exceed the ranging errors of the acoustic mapping sensor itself, which creates inconsistency in the map making process and produces artifacts that lower resolution and distort map integrity. We present a methodology for producing self-consistent maps and improving vehicle position estimation by exploiting accurate local navigation and utilizing terrain relative measurements. The complete map is broken down into individual "sub-maps'', which …

54th Spsj Annual Meeting Yokohama, Japan, May 25-27, 2005, Jane C. Vogl, Hiroyuki Ohno

Otto Vogl

No abstract provided.

Macromolecules In Graz, Austria, December 3, 2004, Otto Vogl, Volker Ribitsch

Otto Vogl

No abstract provided.

Ocena Oddziaływania Na Środowisko Instalacji Spalania Odpadów – Wybrane Problemy, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents some problems related to the environmental impact of waste incineration plants with particular emphasis on the impact on air quality and the assessment of this impact carried out for newly built incinerators. Methodology for the calculation of emissions for new plants based on emission standards was proposed. It has been shown that waste incineration plants complying with emission limit values to a negligible extent affect the air quality, especially in the case of units with small capacity.

In the case of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, due to lack of permissible levels in the air, it was found …

Ocena Oddziaływania Mittal Steel Poland S.A. Oddział W Krakowie Na Jakość Powietrza W Aspekcie Likwidacji Strefy Ochronnej, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki, Przemysław Szczygłowski

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents results of the air quality impact assessment for Mittal Steel Poland S.A. unit in Krakow (Poland). The assessment included all emission sources working in the unit in 2003 as well as emission sources belonging to companies separated from the steelworks in the past. A special attention was taken to comply of air quality standards in area of the protective zone in connection with their planned liquidation by the end of 2005 (the requirement of the new environmental law).

English title: Evaluation of impact of Mittal Steel Poland S.A. unit in Krakow on air quality in connection with …

A Fast Three-Step Phase-Shifting Algorithm, Peisen S. Huang, Song Zhang

Song Zhang

We propose a new three-step phase-shifting algorithm, which is much faster than the traditional three-step algorithm. We achieve the speed advantage by using a simple intensity ratio function to replace the arctangent function in the traditional algorithm. The phase error caused by this new algorithm is compensated for by use of a look-up-table (LUT). Our experimental results show that both the new algorithm and the traditional algorithm generate similar results, but the new algorithm is 3.4 times faster. By implementing this new algorithm in a high-resolution, real-time 3D shape measurement system, we were able to achieve a measurement speed of …

3-D Optical Measurement Using Phase Shifting Based Methods, Peisen S. Huang, Song Zhang

Song Zhang

We review some of our most recent works on 3-D shape measurement using the digital fringe projection and phase-shifting method. First, we introduce the measurement principle and phase-shifting algorithms. Then we discuss an effective method for phase error compensation and a novel idea for system calibration. Finally, we describe a 3-D shape measurement system for high-resolution, real-time 3-D shape acquisition, reconstruction and display.

High-Resolution Sonar Surveying: Techniques And Strategies For Improved Micro-Bathymetic Mapping, Vicki Ferrini, D. Fornari, T. Shank, D. Kelley, M. Tivey, S. Carbotte, D. Glickson, C. Roman, A. Sterling

Christopher N. Roman

No abstract provided.

Systematic, Multisite Short-Range-Order Corrections To The Electronic Structure Of Disordered Alloys From First Principles: The Kkr Nonlocal Cpa From The Dynamical Cluster Approximation, D. A. Biava, Subhradip Ghosh, Duane D. Johnson, W. A. Shelton, Andrei V. Smirnov

Duane D. Johnson

Although the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker coherent-potential approximation (KKR-CPA) is used widely to configurationally average and get electronic structures and energies of disordered alloys, a single-site CPA misses local environment effects, including short-range order (SRO). A proposed nonlocal CPA (NLCPA) recovers translational invariance of the effective medium via k-space coarse graining from the dynamical cluster approximation (DCA), where corrections are systematic as cluster size increases. We implement a first-principles KKR-NLCPA/DCA and show the effects of environment, including SRO, on the electronic structures of fcc CuAu and bcc NiAl.

Phase Error Compensation For A 3-D Shape Measurement System Based On The Phase-Shifting Method, Song Zhang, Peisen S. Huang

Song Zhang

This paper describes a novel phase error compensation method for reducing the measurement error caused by non-sinusoidal waveforms in the phase-shifting method. For 3D shape measurement systems using commercial video projectors, the non-sinusoidal nature of the projected fringe patterns as a result of the nonlinear gamma curve of the projectors causes significant phase measurement error and therefore shape measurement error. The proposed phase error compensation method is based on our finding that the phase error due to the non-sinusoidal waveform of the fringe patterns depends only on the nonlinearity of the projector's gamma curve. Therefore, if the projector's gamma curve …

Genetic Programming For Multitimescale Modeling, Kumara Sastry, Duane D. Johnson, David E. Goldberg, Pascal Bellon

Duane D. Johnson

A bottleneck for multitimescale thermally activated dynamics is the computation of the potential energy surface. We explore the use of genetic programming (GP) to symbolically regress a mapping of the saddle-point barriers from only a few calculated points via molecular dynamics, thereby avoiding explicit calculation of all barriers. The GP-regressed barrier function enables use of kinetic Monte Carlo to simulate real-time kinetics (seconds to hours) based upon realistic atomic interactions. To illustrate the concept, we apply a GP regression to vacancy-assisted migration on a surface of a concentrated binary alloy (from both quantum and empirical potentials) and predict the diffusion …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Highly Amine Functionalized Mesoporous Organosilicas By An “All-In-One” Approach, Rebecca Voss, Arne Thomas, Markus Antonietti, Geoffrey A. Ozin

Rebecca Cademartiri

Mesoporous organosilicas (MOs) represent a promising class of organic–inorganic nanocomposites for a broad range of applications like catalysis, sensing, separation, or microelectronics. Their distinct feature is the presence of organic groups incorporated into the channel walls of a mesoporous structure. Here, we present a convenient “all-in-one” approach using silsesquioxane surfactant precursors for the functionalization of the channel walls with primary amine groups. The monomer is made by a hydroboration/aminolysis sequence on the base of a commercial monomer, with the template bound to the functionalization site by hydroboration and released after silica condensation and aminolysis. This combination ensures both the placement …

Improved Vehicle Based Multibeam Bathymetry Using Sub-Maps And Slam, Christopher Roman, Hanumant Singh

Christopher N. Roman

This paper presents an algorithm to improve sub-sea acoustic multibeam bottom mapping based on the simultaneous mapping and localization (SLAM) methodology. Multibeam bathymetry from underwater water vehicles can yield valuable large scale terrain maps of the sea door, but the overall accuracy of these maps is typically limited by the accuracy of the vehicle position estimates. The solution presented here uses small bathymetric patches created over short time scales in a sub-mapping context. These patches are registered with respect to one another and assembled in a single coordinate frame to produce a more accurate terrain estimate and provide improved renavigation …

Update On Ethanol Processing Residue Properties, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan, James Julson, Padmanaban Krishnan

Kurt A. Rosentrater

The production of corn-based ethanol in the U.S. is dramatically increasing, and consequently so is the amount of byproduct materials generated from this processing sector. These coproduct streams are currently solely utilized as livestock feed, which is a route that provides ethanol processors with a substantial revenue source and significantly increases the profitability of the production process. With the construction and operation of many new plants in recent years, these residuals do, however, have much potential for value-added processing and utilization in other sectors as well. This option holds promise of economic benefit for corn processors, especially if the livestock …

Citizen Based Public Health Surveillance, Monitoring And Post-Event Assessments, Thomas Lyons Carr Iii

Thomas Lyons (Thom) Carr III Appl.Sc., CEM

When a sudden on-set emergency or disaster affects a region or the whole country, communities and neighborhoods should plan for the possibility that emergency and other civic services will be disrupted and unavailable (District of Columbia 2003a, 2003b, 2004; Doyle 2004; Siskiyou County Public Health/NorCalBT.com 2004). The event may be severe enough that the routine public health surveillance and monitoring system will be disrupted or the system will not be able to provide data quickly enough to support state and local decisionmaking. A temporary post-disaster system should be planned for and implemented. The epidemiologist supporting the local decision makers must …

Renewable Energy Alternatives: Current Status And Capacities, Kurt A. Rosentrater, Youakim Al-Kalaani

Kurt A. Rosentrater

A key to the United States’ economic growth is an ever-increasing demand for energy, which has traditionally been met primarily by combusting the hydrocarbons found in fossil fuels. As environmental concerns grow, renewable energy resources are gaining increasing attention. To aid both researchers as well as educators, this paper examines historical energy data for both traditional as well as alternative energy sources. Even with the progressive developments of non-traditional energy sources over the years, the U.S. still receives more than 90% of its energy from fossil and nuclear fuels. Explicit examination of the alternative energy sector has revealed that hydroelectric …

Crossover Energetics For Halogenated Si(100): Vacancy Line Defects, Dimer Vacancy Lines, And Atom Vacancy Lines, G. J. Xu, Nikolai A. Zarkevich, Abhishek Agrawal, A. W. Signore, B. R. Trenhaile, Duane D. Johnson, J. H. Weaver

Duane D. Johnson

We investigated surface patterning of I-Si(100)-(2×1) both experimentally and theoretically. Using scanning tunneling microscopy, we first examined I destabilization of Si(100)-(2×1) at near saturation. Dimer vacancies formed on the terraces at 600 K, and they grew into lines that were perpendicular to the dimer rows, termed vacancy line defects. These patterns were distinctive from those induced by Cl and Br under similar conditions since the latter formed atom and dimer vacancy lines that were parallel to the dimer rows. Using first-principles density functional theory, we determined the steric repulsive interactions associated with iodine and showed how the observed defect patterns …

Size-Driven Domain Reorientation In Hydrothermally Derived Lead Titanate Nanoparticles, Zhiyuan Ye, Elliot B. Slamovich, Alexander H. King

Alexander H. King

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy studies of hydrothermally derived platelike lead titanate nanoparticles reveal that below a critical size of approximately 70 nm, the single ferroelectric domain polarization axis reorients from perpendicular to parallel to the plate. We suggest that during particle growth, ions in the hydrothermal processing medium compensate for the ferroelectric depolarization energy. When the processing medium is removed by washing and drying, single domain nanoparticles minimize their depolarization energy by c-axis flipping.

What Communities Should Do Pre-Event To Support Public Health Post-Event Assessments, Surveillance And Monitoring, Thomas Lyons Carr Iii

Thomas Lyons (Thom) Carr III Appl.Sc., CEM

[Abstract written March 2008, TLC] Under worst-case planning assumptions used by some major metropolitan areas, a Neighbor-to-Neighbor self-help program model is the primary link between citizens and the professional response personnel of the responsible government agencies.

In the Neighbor-to-Neighbor self-help program model or a Community Emergency Management Plan (CEMP) calls on the citizens in neighborhoods to identify and establish cluster emergency preparedness committees, Cluster Emergency Coordination Centers (CECC) and Community Emergency Response Teams (CERT). Missing from these plans or what is not articulated is how constant Public Health Post-Event Surveillance, Monitoring and Assessments will be done. Given the worst-case planning …

Importance Of Thermal Disorder On The Properties Of Alloys: Origin Of Paramagnetism And Structural Anomalies In Bcc-Based Fe1−Xalx, Andrei V. Smirnov, W. A. Shelton, Duane D. Johnson

Duane D. Johnson

Fe1−xAlx exhibits interesting magnetic and anomalous structural properties as a function of composition and sample processing conditions arising from thermal or off-stoichiometric chemical disorder, and, although well studied, these properties are not understood. In stoichiometric B2 FeAl, including the effects of partial long-range order, i.e., thermal antisites, we find the experimentally observed paramagnetic response with nonzero local moments, in contrast to past investigations that find either a ferromagnetic or nonmagnetic state, both inconsistent with experiment. Moreover, from this magnetochemical coupling, we are able to determine the origins of the observed lattice constant anomalies found in Fe1−xAlx for x≃0.25–0.5 under various …

10 Inventions On Improving Keyboard Efficiency: A Triz Based Analysis, Umakant Mishra

Umakant Mishra

A keyboard is the most important input device for a computer. With the development of technology a basic keyboard does not want to remain confined within the basic functionalities of a keyboard, rather it wants to go beyond. There are several inventions which attempt to improve the efficiency of a conventional keyboard. This article illustrates 10 inventions from US Patent database all of which have proposed very interesting methods for improving the efficiency of a computer keyboard. Some interesting inventions include, adding toolbar buttons on the keyboard, power saving method, keyboard-cooling mechanism, robust keyboard for public use, keyboard enhancement for …

Emisja Zanieczyszczeń Ze Spalania Odpadów Podestylacyjnych Z Produkcji Witaminy C W Piecu Fluidalnym, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

Some results of continuous or periodical measurements of selected air pollutant concentrations and mass streams in the flue gases from liquid waste incineration in a fluidized bed incinerator were presented in the paper. During the researches distillation tails from vitamin C production, that is waste traces from regeneration such solvents as for example ethylene chloride, chloroform or trichloroethylene were incinerated. As a result of the researches there was determined optimal temperature of the fluidized bad in which the waste incineration should be carried out to minimization of CO and NOx formation. Required effectiveness of HCl removal from combustion gases to …

Emisja Zanieczyszczeń Z Procesu Grafityzacji Elektrod Węglowych W Piecach Lwg (Castnera). Cz. 1. Wybrane Substancje Gazowe, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Marek Bogacki, Przemysław Szczygłowski

Robert Oleniacz

The results of measurements of quantity pollutants originated and emitted to air from LWG (Castner) furnaces were introduced. The investigation was carried out during the graphitisation process of coal electrodes, until moment of end of ventilation the stove across applied installations of cleaning of cool gases (catalytic burning and the wet desulphurization). The measurement results of CO, CO2, HC+H2, SO2, H2S, CS2, NO, NO2, NH3 as well as chosen hydrocarbons (C1-C6) and aromatic hydrocarbons (BTX) were presented. In result of conducted investigations was qualified courses of changeability of concentrations in gases these substances before and for the cleaning system. The …

Altered Hydrology In Connecticut Watersheds Prioritized For Protection, Denise Burchsted

Denise Burchsted

The Nature Conservancy (TNC) has selected the Saugatuck, Salmon, Eight Mile, Mount Hope / Natchaug, and Hollenbeck River watersheds for priority protection in Connecticut. A number of threats, including altered hydrology, have been identified in these watersheds. This project has been designed to better understand that threat and provide some context for future protection or restoration of the hydrology within those watersheds. The definition of altered hydrology is problematic, as the time at which the watersheds are considered unaltered is ambiguous and historic data is often unavailable. In order to address that difficulty, this project used the following approach: 1. …

Mechanism Of Structural Transformation In Bismuth Titanate, Sudhanshu Mallick, Keith J. Bowman, Alexander H. King

Alexander H. King

Sodium-doped bismuth titanate undergoes a transformation from Bi4Ti3O12 to Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15 on heating in air at temperatures exceeding 800 °C. This transformation proceeds through the intermediate Na0.5Bi8.5Ti7O27 structure which is an intergrowth phase of the two. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy was used to study this transformation. From the Moiré pattern that was obtained, the crystallographic orientation of the transformation front has been determined and a mechanism is proposed for this structural transformation.

Photothermal Reshaping Of Prismatic Au Nanoparticles In Periodic Monolayer Arrays By Femtosecond Laser Pulses, Wenyu Huang, Wei Qian, Mostafa A. El-Sayed

Wenyu Huang

Prismatic goldnanoparticles in the periodic monolayer arrays prepared with nanosphere lithography technique can be reshaped with femtosecond laser pulses at different powers and wavelengths. As the power density of 400 nm femtosecond laser increases, the prismatic particle tips begin to round and the overall particle shape changes from a prism to a sphere with a tripodal intermediate. The formation of the tip-rounded nanoprisms is probably due to the dewetting properties of gold on quartz surface and the low melting temperature at the tips. The formation of the tripodal nanoparticles is attributed to the inhomogeneous heating and lattice rearrangement of the …

The Optically Detected Coherent Lattice Oscillations In Silver And Gold Monolayer Periodic Nanoprism Arrays:  The Effect Of Interparticle Coupling, Wenyu Huang, Wei Qian, Mostafa A. El-Sayed

Wenyu Huang

Using femtosecond transient spectroscopy, we studied the optically detected laser-induced coherent phonon oscillation of monolayers of periodic arrays of prismatic-shaped silver and gold nanoparticles, assembled by using the technique of nanosphere lithography. In this method, the same size of polystyrene sphere and the same vacuum conditions are used. Under these circumstances, the gold nanoprisms formed are found to have sharper tips than the corresponding silver nanoprisms. For both gold and silver nanoparticles, the surface plasmon absorption maximum is found to depend linearly on size. The coherent lattice oscillation periods are also found to depend linearly on size. However, although the …

Dislocation-Indenter Interaction In Nanoindentation, M. Ravi Shankar, Alexander H. King, Srinivasan Chandrasekar

Alexander H. King

A formulation of dislocation-indenter interaction in two-dimensional, isotropic elasticity is presented. A significant dislocation-indenter interaction is predicted when dislocations are nucleated very close to the indenter. This interaction is expected to have an important influence on dislocation motion and multiplication. Upon nucleation close to the indenter, the dislocations are shown to modify the load, load distribution, and moment acting on the indenter. This effect is seen to vary with the indentation contact length. Further away from the indenter, the indenter-dislocation interaction is shown to be negligible.

Constraint Programming, John Hooker

John Hooker

No abstract provided.

Runoff Production In The Upper Rio Chagres Watershed, Panama, Fred Ogden

Fred L. Ogden

Runoff production in tropical watersheds is governed by a wide variety of potential sources and there have been few rigorous studies to date. The 414 km2 upper Río Chagres basin offers a unique opportunity to better understand the runoff production mechanisms in tropical watersheds through data analysis and modeling with rainfall and runoff data. Flow data and tipping bucket rain gage data are available at both the basin outlet (Chico gage) and for an 80.6 km2 internal basin location (Piedras gage). Modeling is performed using the Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting Model (SAC-SMA), calibrated using data from 2000 and verified using …