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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Thermodynamic Modeling Of Uranium And Oxygen Containing Ternary Systems With Gadolinium, Lanthanum, And Thorium, Jacob Wesley Mcmurray
Thermodynamic Modeling Of Uranium And Oxygen Containing Ternary Systems With Gadolinium, Lanthanum, And Thorium, Jacob Wesley Mcmurray
Doctoral Dissertations
The CALPHAD method is used to assess the thermodynamic properties and phase relations in the U-M-O system where M = Gd, La, and Th. A compound energy formalism (CEF) model for fluorite UO2±x [urania] is extended to represent the complex U1-yMyO2±x [urania solid solution] phases. The lattice stabilities for fictive GdO2 [gadolinia] and LaO2 [lanthana] fluorite structure compounds are calculated from density functional theory (DFT) for use in the CEF for U1-yMyO2±x [urania solid solution phase] while U6+ [uranium 6 plus cation] is introduced into the …
Toward Understanding The Thermodynamics And Mechanisms Of Actinide Sorption Reactions, Shanna Estes
Toward Understanding The Thermodynamics And Mechanisms Of Actinide Sorption Reactions, Shanna Estes
All Dissertations
The environmental fate of actinides is greatly influenced by interfacial reactions, including sorption onto solid surfaces. Because changes in the primary hydration sphere of the actinide are expected to greatly influence the thermodynamics (i.e., reaction enthalpy and entropy) of these reactions, examining actinide sorption thermodynamics may provide insight into actinide sorption mechanisms. Additionally, examining actinide sorption thermodynamics may enhance the ability to model or predict these reactions in environmental or engineered systems where variable or elevated temperatures are expected. However, few researchers have studied actinide sorption thermodynamics. Therefore, this research examined the thermodynamics of Eu(III) (a trivalent actinide analog), Th(IV), …
Design, Analysis And Implementation Of An Experimental System To Harvest Energy From Atmospheric Temperature Variations Using Ethyl Chloride Filled Bellows, Gibran Ali
All Theses
The increase in global warming and the dwindling supplies of fossil fuels have shifted the focus from traditional to alternate sources of energy. This has resulted in a concerted effort towards finding new energy sources as well as better understanding traditional renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power. In addition to the shift in focus towards alternate energy, the last two decades have offered a dramatic rise in the use of digital technologies such as wireless sensor networks that require small but isolated power supplies. Energy harvesting, a method to gather energy from ambient sources including sunlight, vibrations, …
Operational Planning In Combined Heat And Power Systems, Hariharan Gopalakrishnan
Operational Planning In Combined Heat And Power Systems, Hariharan Gopalakrishnan
Doctoral Dissertations
This dissertation presents methodologies for operational planning in Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems. The subject of experimentation is the University of Massachusetts CHP system, which is a 22 MWe/640 MBh system for a district energy application. Systems like this have complex energy flow networks due to multiple interconnected thermodynamic components like gas and steam turbines, boilers and heat recovery steam generators and also interconnection with centralized electric grids. In district energy applications, heat and power requirements vary over 24 hour periods (planning horizon) due to changing weather conditions, time-of-day factors and consumer requirements. System thermal performance is highly dependent …
Excimer-Monomer Switching Molecular Beacon: The Study On Synthetic Cryptosporidium Dna Detection, Thermodynamics, And Magnesium Effects, Michael L. Davis
Excimer-Monomer Switching Molecular Beacon: The Study On Synthetic Cryptosporidium Dna Detection, Thermodynamics, And Magnesium Effects, Michael L. Davis
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
The purpose of this study is to quantify and determine the binding of a molecular DNA probe or molecular beacon used in the detection of a known waterborne pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum. The objectives of this study are to determine the stability, sensitivity, and selectivity of the molecular beacon in detecting synthesized Cryptosporidium DNA sequences. The designed probe is based on a two-fluorophore system that is different than similar molecular beacons that utilize a fluorophore and quencher detection method. A comparative study between the two probes was also performed to demonstrate enhanced selectivity of the fluorophore based molecular beacon. Magnesium …
Enhancement Of Mass Transfer And Electron Usage For Syngas Fermentation, James J. Orgill
Enhancement Of Mass Transfer And Electron Usage For Syngas Fermentation, James J. Orgill
Theses and Dissertations
Biofuel production via fermentation is produced primarily by fermentation of simple sugars. Besides the sugar fermentation route, there exists a promising alternative process that uses syngas (CO, H2, CO2) produced from biomass as building blocks for biofuels. Although syngas fermentation has many benefits, there are several challenges that still need to be addressed in order for syngas fermentation to become a viable process for producing biofuels on a large scale. One challenge is mass transfer limitations due to low solubilities of syngas species. The hollow fiber reactor (HFR) is one type of reactor that has the potential for achieving high …
Computation Of Fifteen Thermodynamic Properties Along Arbitrary Paths From Fundamental Equations Of State Correlations, Prashanth Krishnamoorthy
Computation Of Fifteen Thermodynamic Properties Along Arbitrary Paths From Fundamental Equations Of State Correlations, Prashanth Krishnamoorthy
ETD Archive
In this work, a set of fifteen thermodynamic properties for thirty pure compounds has been estimated using fundamental equations of state (FEOS). A computer program was written which allows to input any two of four fundamental thermodynamic properties entropy, pressure, temperature and density to fix a state point and then use the FEOS to generate any other property at that given state. The program further applies the FEOS to trace thermodynamic processes like isochoric, isobaric, isenthalpic, isothermal and isentropic state changes to find the final state of the compound. The program subsequently displays the initial, final and intermediate state points …
A Psa Process For An Oxygen Concentrator, Aaron A. Moran
A Psa Process For An Oxygen Concentrator, Aaron A. Moran
ETD Archive
Oxygen is used in a variety of chemical processes and for medical purposes throughout the world. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) has become a viable alternative to cryogenic distillation for the separation of oxygen from air with the development of advanced adsorbents like zeolites. PSA processes are inherently complex because it is a dynamic process. Efficient operation of a PSA process is necessary in order to utilize the capacity of the adsorbent as much as possible and reduce the power requirements of the process.In this thesis, a novel zeolite adsorbent was utilized in a PSA process for oxygen generation with the …
Mixed Surfactant Systems: Thermodynamics And Applications In Metal Oxide Imprinting, Suvid Joshi
Mixed Surfactant Systems: Thermodynamics And Applications In Metal Oxide Imprinting, Suvid Joshi
Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering
In this work we study mixtures of cationic surfactant (CTAB) and sugar based surfactant(s) (octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (C8G1), dodecyl maltoside (C12G2) and octyl beta-D-xylopyranoside (C8X1)) to understand the non-ideal thermodynamic behavior of the mixtures of cationic and non-ionic surfactants in water and synthesis of imprinted materials. The thermodynamics of micellization, mixing and dilution of these systems are studied using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) and the experimental data obtained are modeled with a pseudo-phase separation model with non-ideal mixing described by regular solution theory. It is shown that a model accounting for enthalpy of demicellization and enthalpy of dilution based on McMillan-Mayer …
Structure And Catalytic Properties Of Ultra-Small Ceria Nanoparticles, Xing Huang
Structure And Catalytic Properties Of Ultra-Small Ceria Nanoparticles, Xing Huang
Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering
Cerium dioxide (ceria) is an excellent catalytic material due to its ability to both facilitate oxidation/reduction reactions as well as store/release oxygen as an oxygen buffer. The traditional approach to assess and improve ceria's catalytic behavior focuses on how efficiently O-vacancies can be generated and/or annihilated within the material, and how to extend established understandings of "bulk" ceria to further explain the greatly enhanced catalytic behavior of ultra-small ceria nanoparticles (uCNPs) with sizes less than 10 nm. Here, using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we reexamine the atomic and electronic structures of uCNPs, especially their surface configurations. A unique picture …