Engineering Commons^™

Dependence Of The Electronic Transition Moment On Internuclear Separation In Na2: A Quantum Mechanical Treatment, P. F. Williams, D. L. Rousseau

P. F. (Paul Frazer) Williams Publications

We present a quantum mechanical treatment of laser-induced atomic fluorescence from molecular sodium. It is shown that such fluorescence data may be analyzed with an ν-centroid approximation and an accurate determination of the electronic transition moment may be made.

Ua66/9/3 Meeting Minutes, Wku Society Of Manufacturing Engineers

Student Organizations

Society of Manufacturing Engineers Student Chapter No. 43 meeting minutes for Feb. 21, 1973 through Dec. 17, 1974.

Discrete And Diffuse Emission Following Two-Photon Excitation Of The E State In Molecular Iodine, D. L. Rousseau, P. F. Williams

P. F. (Paul Frazer) Williams Publications

We studied the fluorescence spectrum of E →B transitions in molecular iodine following two-photon absorption. Discrete re-emission lines terminating in B-state levels ranging from ν = 0 to the dissociation limit were observed in addition to a series of broad diffuse lines. These diffuse lines represent the first observation of Condon "internal diffraction” resulting from a single vibronic state, and therefore the variation of the bands directly displays the variation of the Franck-Condon factor.

Development And Preliminary Application Of Mathematical Models To The Weber Basin, W. J. Grenney, D. S. Bowles, M. D. Chambers, J. P. Riley

Reports

The adoption of stream standards, whether for direct application or for the establishment of realistic effluent standards, creates a need to predict the impact of pollution loads on river water quality during critical flow periods or as the result of future user demands. Because of the complexity of aquatic systems, mathematical models are an excellent medium for bringing together the state-of-the-art knowledge from a variety of disciplines into a form which can be readily applied to practical problems. Applying a mathematical model to a river system has the added advantage of providing a structure for the systematic consideration of the …

Multiple Uses Of Utah Irrigation Canals: Cache County As A Case Study, James J. Kennedy, Komain Unhanand

Reports

Irrigation use is an obvious benefit of Utah canals that has been recognized for over 100 years. This study attempts to illustrate other, less obvious, uses. the major use examined was recreational, but canals are presently functioning as storm drainage systems and have potential for diverting flood crests in many river systems.

Recreational use of canals falls into two categories. There is passive use such as its landscape values, affects on creating shade and bird-wildlife habitat, etc., that is difficult to quantify but no less important than active canal use such as tubing, hiking, bank-play, bicycling, etc. We selected several …

Optimal Highway Safety Improvement Investments By Dynamic Programming [Dec. 1974], Jerry G. Pigman, Kenneth R. Agent, Jesse G. Mayes, Charles V. Zegeer

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The process of determining which projects to implement under a given budget, and which to defer until later, is central to the planning and management of highway systems. With a limited budget for construction, maintenance, and safety improvements, investments which will produce the optimal benefits must be chosen. This is often impossible to accomplish without the aid of a computer because of the complexity of the problem. Dynamic programming has been tested and verified as an efficient method for selecting priority projects to derive maximum benefits. The applicability of dynamic programming to the safety improvement program is demonstrated in this …

Voidless Concrete Mixtures For Bridge Decks, Assaf S. Rahal

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The purpose of this study was to modify concrete mix-design formulas to supplant all water over and above that needed for hydration with a non-evaporable material -- thus producing a no-void concrete. It was adjudged that a water-cement ratio of 0.244 would be practical for hydration of the cement. Several polymeric materials, asphalts, and oils were used to replace the excess mixing water. Success was achieved using two latexes and one epoxy. The use of these materials in concrete resulted in improved strength, reduction of air voids and permeability, and enhancement of resistance to corrosive chloride salts.

Identification Of Hazardous Rural Highway Locations, John A. Deacon, Charles V. Zegeer, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

An effective procedure was determined for identifying hazardous rural highway locations based on accident statistics. Multiple indicators of accident experience that are necessary include the number of fatal accidents, the total number of accidents, the number of effective-property-damage-only accidents, and the accident rate. Critical levels of these four indicators should vary from state to state depending on the nature of the local safety improvement program as well as local traffic and roadway conditions and prevailing attitudes toward highway safety. Specific recommendations are given for use in Kentucky. Critical accident rates are established using quality control procedures.

To identify hazardous highway …

Accidents On Rural Interstate And Parkway Roads And Their Relation To Pavement Friction, Rolands L. Rizenbergs, James L. Burchett, John A. Deacon, Cass T. Napier

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Friction measurements were made with a skid trailer at 70 mph (31 m/s) on 770 miles (1240 km) of rural, four-lane, controlled-access routes on the interstate and parkway systems in Kentucky. Each construction project was treated as a test section. Accident experience, friction measurements, and traffic volumes were obtained for each. Various relationships between wet-weather accidents and skid resistance were analyzed. Averaging methods were used as a means of developing trends and minimizing scatter. A moving average for progressively-ordered sets of five test sections yielded more definite results. The expression of accident occurrence which correlated best with skid and slip …

Adaptation Of Aasho Interim Guide To Fundamental Concepts, Herbert F. Southgate, Robert C. Deen, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Using 1971 vehicle classification counts and truck weights from nine Kentucky locations, equivalent axleloads (EAL's) were calculated by several methods. Apparent discrepancies led to a review of axleload equivalency factors used to estimate either EWL's (equivalent wheel loads) or EAL's.

Axleload equivalencies are determined as the ratio of the number of repetitions of a standard or reference load to the number of equivalent (damage-wise) repetitions of the load in question. The choice of equivalency factors can result in as much as a 40-percent difference in calculated EAL's. Most of Kentucky's traffic is made up of axleloads less than 80 kilonewtons …

Evaluation And Modification Of The Traffic Noise Prediction Procedure For Kentucky Highways, Kenneth R. Agent, Charles V. Zegeer

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Approximately 270 noise-level recordings were obtained at 39 highway sites and compared with the noise-level predictions obtained by the procedure outlined in NCHRP Report 117. The measured noise levels were computed in terms of the A-weighted L₁₀ value (level exceeded 10 percent of time) and then compared to the predicted noise levels. A significant discrepancy was found between predicted and measured noise levels; generally, the predicted values exceeded the measured values. Average error per location was 4.8 dBA; the maximum error was 13 dBA. A nomograph was devised to correct the predicted value; this nomograph involves observer-to-roadway distances, truck …

Fatigue Analysis From Strain Gage Data And Probability Analysis, Robert C. Deen, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The Central Bridge over the Ohio River between Newport, Kentucky, and Cincinnati, Ohio, was completed in 1891 and in 1972-73 was considered to be in danger of fatigue failure. A series of investigations were undertaken to determine the likelihood of failure and to estimate the time of probable failure. During the investigation, a methodology was developed to determine fatigue damage from a probability analysis of traffic data by reconstituting or synthesizing the load (traffic) history of bridges. Strain gage data obtained with Prewitt scratch gages and SR-4 resistivity gages were used to evaluate fatigue damage incurred by the Central Bridge.

Highway Pavement Maintenance Costs And Pavement Type Selection, Donald C. Newberry Jr., Jesse G. Mayes, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A long-term analysis of pavement maintenance cost has been performed. The analysis does not include construction or resurfacing costs. The sample of pavement sections investigated were chosen to best represent the entire state. These sections were classified by pavement type; either bituminous concrete, portland cement concrete, or composite. The cost per lane mile (kilometer) per year was calculated for each pavement type by year and by age of pavement. Apparent differences in pavement maintenance costs between the two basic types of pavements were adjudged insignificant from the standpoint of determining pavement type. Because of poor or erroneous cost reporting, actual …

Relationships Between Roadway Geometrics And Accidents, Kenneth R. Agent, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Statewide average and critical rates of accidents were determined from 1970-1972 Kentucky accident records for each type of rural highway. Accident data, obtained from state police computer tapes, were summarized to give the number of accidents on each highway type as well as information on accident severity, road surface conditions, light conditions, road character, and type of traffic control. Four-lane undivided highways had the highest average accident rate; parkways (toll roads) had the lowest rate. The severity of accidents was related to types of accidents, highways, and traffic control and to safety belt usage. Accidents involving pedestrians were the most …

Rock Evaluation For Engineered Facilities, D. J. Hagerty, Robert C. Deen, M. W. Palmer, C. D. Tockstein

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The need for comprehensive information on the characteristics and behavior of earth materials has been recognized for many years, perhaps for as long as significant construction has taken place in and on the surface of the earth. In recent years, however, the magnitude and complexity of engineered construction has greatly increased, resulting in a corresponding increase in the need for information on the engineering properties of soil and rock materials, Direct testing of soil and rock can be utilized to furnish necessary information. However, both field and laboratory testing can be extremely expensive, particularly where testing must include applications of …

The Resource Interruption Monitoring System : Basic Reporting Procedures And Sample Reports, United States. General Services Administration. Office Of Preparedness.

Computerized Conferencing and Communications Center Reports

This RIMS training manual was originally prepared by Mrs. Helen R. Nixon for use in her' office, Region 7, Dallas, Texas. It has subsequently been used for training at each OP Regional Office and at the Central Office in Washington. In anticipation of requirements for training of new users of RIMS under crisis reporting conditions, the manual is being issued for library reference and quantity reproduction.

Tentative Load And Resistance Factor Design Criteria For Steel Beam-Columns, M. K. Ravindra, Theodore V. Galambos

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

Nominal design equations and reai•tance factors are developed for steel beam-columns as part of Load and Resistance Factor Design criteria for steel buildings. The resistance factors are derived from principles of first-order probability theory using calibration to present designs.

Skid Resistance Studies In Kentucky (An Overview – 1974), James H. Havens, James L. Burchett, Rolands L. Rizenbergs

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

"To free Kentucky of slick roads" is the high goal toward which Kentucky has been striving since 1950's. A very capable fellow engineer used to say that there was more satisfaction in being able to take down a Slippery When Wet sign than in erecting one.

Considerable effort has been devoted to the development and adaptation of improved methods of skid resistance testing and to the standardization of testing devices (1, 2, 3, 4). Methods of tests have included the NCSA friction wheel (bicycle wheel), automobile deceleration, skewed-wheel (skewed front-wheels of an automobile), skidding automobile, and the skid-test …

Bridge Decks Constructed For Increased Durability, Assaf S. Rahal

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The experimental features incorporated in this study were compaction, brooming, and hi-layered construction. Broomed surfaces initially exhibited a higher skidding resistance than non-broomed surfaces: broomed surfaces, however, wear more rapidly. No conclusive evaluation could be made at this time of the bilayered system and of tests made on the concrete cores. Electrical measurements made on the decks indicated there was no active corrosion of the steel.

Experimental Portland Cement Concrete Shoulders Design And Construction, James H. Havens, Assaf S. Rahal

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Kentucky's first portland cement concrete shoulder project was conceived in 1970 and was inspired by the Portland Cement Association's issue Concrete Shoulders for Safe Modern Highways, Concrete Report, 1970, and FHWA's Informational Memorandum CMPB-17-70, Experimental Project for the Evaluation of Portland Cement Concrete Shoulders Adjacent to Concrete Mainline Pavement; Project Prospectus, National Experimental and Evaluation Program; May 12, 1970. It was expected that at least two states in each region would participate in the national program. A 3.442-mile section of US 31 W, between Radcliff and Tiptop, beginning at the intersection of US 60 and extending southward, …

Effects Of The Energy Crisis On Traffic In Kentucky, Kenneth R. Agent, Donald R. Herd, Rolands L. Rizenbergs

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The Arab oil embargo in mid-October 1973 curtailed availability of gasoline. Fuel conservation measures resulted in reduced travel and decreased traffic speeds. On March 1, 1974, posted speed was set at 55 mph on rural highways in Kentucky. Traffic volumes, speeds, and accidents for the rural highway during the period known as the "energy crisis" and its after effects were compared to the corresponding period a year earlier.

Traffic volumes began to decline in December 1973 but began to rise again in March 1974. Total travel in the seven months through June 1974 decreased by 3.5 percent; traffic increased by …

X-Ray Powder Data And Unit Cell Parameters Of Mgbr2.6h2o, Charles A. Sorrell, Roy R. Ramey

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Detailed X-ray powder data for MgBr2·6H2O were obtained by diffractometry by use of CuKα radiation at 22°C. The data were indexed on a bimolecular monoclinic unit cell, space group C2/m, with a = 10.290 ± 0.001 Å; b = 7.334 ± 0.001 Å; C = 6.211 ± 0.001 Å; β = 93° 25′ ± 10′. Calculated density was 2.074 g/cm3, compared with a measured density of 2.07 ± 0.01 g/cm3. © 1974, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Designing Hmo, An Integrated Hardware Microcode Optimizer, James O. Bondi, Paul D. Stigall

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This Paper Discusses an Algorithm for Optimizing the Density and Parallelism of Micro coded Routines in Micro programmable Machines. Besides the Algorithm itself, the Algorithm's Uses, Design Integration Problems, Architectural Requirements, and Adaptability to Conventional Machine Characteristics Are Also Discussed and Analyzed. Even Though the Paper Proposes a Hardware Implementation of the Algorithm, the Algorithm is Viewed as an Integral Part of the Entire Microcode Generation and Usage Process, from Initial High-Level Input into a Software Microcode Compiler Down to Machine-Level Execution of the Resultant Microcode on the Host Machine. It is Believed that, by Removing Much of the Traditionally …

A Rock Classification Schema, Robert C. Deen, C. D. Tockstein, M. W. Palmer

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The need for engineering data on earth materials for use in site selection, design, construction, and maintenance of major engineering structures is generally accepted. Probably the most pressing need is for such data to use in preliminary considerations of site selection and design alternatives. Maps and(or) surveys giving the areal distribution of earth materials and their characteristics, together with topographic maps available for many areas, would permit much preliminary work on engineering structures to be done without the engineer ever having to leave his office.

Heating The 9th Street Interchange, Louisville, Ky, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The 9th Street interchange, I 64-2(87)3, was first conceived about 1959. Preliminary design studies began in the early 1960's. Design began about 1964. The idea of heating the ramps was first considered in the early 1960's but was not pursued intently until the final design stage (about 1968). As the design progressed, it became more and more evident that snowing and icing conditions could prevent otherwise normal passage of traffic up and down the ramps. At one point on the structure, a combination of superelevation and grade would produce a 6 1/2 percent slope. The highest ramp or "fly over" …

Offical Phone Directory, Us Army Foreign Science And Technology Center, Robert Bolin , Depositor

Department of Defense Military Intelligence

This directory contains an organizational chart of FSTC, instructions for using various telephone systems and calling long distance, a quick reference guide, an alphabetic list of employees, and a world time zone chart. The list of employees includes the person’s name, his or her spouse’s name, office phone number, office symbol, room number, and home address.

Optical Excitation Of Plasmons In A Quasi-One-Dimensional Conductor, P. F. Williams, M. A. Butler, D. L. Rousseau

P. F. (Paul Frazer) Williams Publications

We have carefully determined the optical spectrum of K₂Pt(CN) ₄Br_0.3 - 3H₂O near the reflectivity edge. Our data reveal, in addition to the expected monotonic background, a broad peak in ε₂ (ω) above a threshold coinciding with the zero of ε₁ (ω) near 16000 cm^-1. We assign this band to indirect excitation of plasmons. Details of the excitation of plasmons are discussed with particular attention being paid to the problems presented by the one-dimensional character of the material. It is concluded that the electronic structure of this material cannot be …

Self-Consistent Dielectric Response Of A Quasi-One-Dimensional Metal At High Frequencies, P. F. Williams, Aaron N. Bloch

P. F. (Paul Frazer) Williams Publications

We present the results of a calculation of the frequency- and wave-vector-dependent longitudinal dielectric function of a quasi-one-dimensional electron gas. The electrons are taken to be localized to the chains and both the tight-binding and free-electron extremes are considered along the chain axis. Local-field effects are included. Dispersion curves for plasmons and single-particle-excitation spectra are presented. We find that the plasmon modes are not Landau damped and that for long wavelengths these modes have eigenfrequencies ranging continuously from the usual three-dimensional plasma frequency for propagation along the chain axis to zero for propagation perpendicular to it. Finally, we discuss the …

High-Intensity Reflective Materials For Signs, Rolands L. Rizenbergs

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Field observations and laboratory tests and evaluations were conducted on High-Intensity and Engineering Grade materials (Scotchlite), manufactured by the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, and were compared in regard to reflectivity, durability, and cost.

The High-Intensity Grade materials were found to have outstanding performance characteristics in comparison to Engineering Grade materials. The material significantly enhances sign legibility under low-beam illumination, and accelerated weathering tests showed superior durability.

Optimal Highway Safety Improvement Investments By Dynamic Programming [Aug. 1974], Jerry G. Pigman, Kenneth R. Agent, Jesse G. Mayes, Charles V. Zegeer

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The process of determining which projects to implement under a given budget, and which to defer until later, is central to the planning and management of highway systems. With a limited budget for construction, maintenance, and safety improvements, investments which will produce the optimal benefits must be chosen. This is often impossible to accomplish without the aid of a computer because of the complexity of the problem. Dynamic programming has been tested and verified as an efficient method for selecting priority projects to derive maximum benefits.

There are several approaches to priority programming as it is related to the capital …