Engineering Commons^™

Executive Order On The Safe, Secure, And Trustworthy Development And Use Of Artificial Intelligence, Joseph R. Biden

Copyright, Fair Use, Scholarly Communication, etc.

Section 1. Purpose. Artificial intelligence (AI) holds extraordinary potential for both promise and peril. Responsible AI use has the potential to help solve urgent challenges while making our world more prosperous, productive, innovative, and secure. At the same time, irresponsible use could exacerbate societal harms such as fraud, discrimination, bias, and disinformation; displace and disempower workers; stifle competition; and pose risks to national security. Harnessing AI for good and realizing its myriad benefits requires mitigating its substantial risks. This endeavor demands a society-wide effort that includes government, the private sector, academia, and civil society.

My Administration places the highest urgency …

Counterventions: A Reparative Reflection On Interventionist Hci, Rua Mae Williams, Louanne E. Boyd, Juan E. Gilbert

Engineering Faculty Articles and Research

Research in HCI applied to clinical interventions relies on normative assumptions about which bodies and minds are healthy, valuable, and desirable. To disrupt this normalizing drive in HCI, we define a “counterventional approach” to intervention technology design informed by critical scholarship and community perspectives. This approach is meant to unsettle normative assumptions of intervention as urgent, necessary, and curative. We begin with a historical overview of intervention in HCI and its critics. Then, through reparative readings of past HCI projects in autism intervention, we illustrate the emergent principles of a counterventional approach and how it may manifest research outcomes that …

Para Cima Y Pa’ Abajo: Building Bridges Between Hci Research In Latin America And In The Global North, Pedro Reynolds-Cuéllar, Marisol Wong-Villacres, Karla A. Badillo-Urquiola, Mayra Donaji Barrera-Machuca, Franceli L. Cibrian, Marianela Ciolfi Felice, Carolina Fuentes, Laura Sanely Gaytán-Lugo, Vivian Genaro Motti, Monica Perusquía-Hernández, Oscar A. Lemus

Engineering Faculty Articles and Research

The Human-computer Interaction (HCI) community has the opportunity to foster the integration of research practices across the Global South and North to begin overcoming colonial relationships. In this paper, we focus on the case of Latin America (LATAM), where initiatives to increase the representation of HCI practitioners lack a consolidated understanding of the practices they employ, the factors that influence them, and the challenges that practitioners face. To address this knowledge gap, we employ a mixed-methods approach, comprising a survey (66 respondents) and in-depth interviews (19 interviewees). Our analyses characterize a set of research perspectives on how HCI is practiced …

Chatgpt As Metamorphosis Designer For The Future Of Artificial Intelligence (Ai): A Conceptual Investigation, Amarjit Kumar Singh (Library Assistant), Dr. Pankaj Mathur (Deputy Librarian)

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this research paper is to explore ChatGPT’s potential as an innovative designer tool for the future development of artificial intelligence. Specifically, this conceptual investigation aims to analyze ChatGPT’s capabilities as a tool for designing and developing near about human intelligent systems for futuristic used and developed in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Also with the helps of this paper, researchers are analyzed the strengths and weaknesses of ChatGPT as a tool, and identify possible areas for improvement in its development and implementation. This investigation focused on the various features and functions of ChatGPT that …

A Multi-Year Study Of Engineering Self-Efficacy In The Us: Exploring Gender Differences In A Small Engineering Program. International Journal Of Gender, Lillian C. Jeznach, Maija A. Benitz, Selby M. Conrad

Engineering, Computing & Construction Management Faculty Publications

This study presents the baseline results of an ongoing study at a small liberal arts university in the US and explores the gender differences in engineering selfefficacy, preparedness, and engagement in undergraduate engineering students. Data from the first timepoint of the survey was used to identify factors such as high school grade point average (GPA), math preparedness, high school mentoring, and college extracurricular involvement, and their correlations with engineering selfefficacy, as measured by the Longitudinal Assessment of Engineering Self-Efficacy (LAESE) scale. Investigation of LAESE subscales revealed that students (regardless of gender) who entered college having previously studied calculus reported greater …

The Evolution Of Ai On The Commercial Flight Deck: Finding Balance Between Efficiency And Safety While Maintaining The Integrity Of Operator Trust, Mark Miller, Sam Holley, Leila Halawi

Publications

As artificial intelligence (AI) seeks to improve modern society, the commercial aviation industry offers a significant opportunity. Although many parts of commercial aviation including maintenance, the ramp, and air traffic control show promise to integrate AI, the highly computerized digital flight deck (DFD) could be challenging. The researchers seek to understand what role AI could provide going forward by assessing AI evolution on the commercial flight deck over the past 50 years. A modified SHELL diagram is used to complete a Human Factors (HF) analysis of the early use for AI on the commercial flight deck through introduction of the …

Microstructural Characterisation And Mechanical Evaluation Of Ti-15mo Manufactured By Laser Metal Deposition, Edohamen Awannegbe, Huijun Li, Tingting Song, Frank Niessen, Ma Qian, Azdiar A. Gazder, Mitchell John Bromley Nancarrow, Elena V. Pereloma

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

A bidirectional powder deposition strategy was employed to additively manufacture Ti-15Mo wt% using laser metal deposition. Phase identification, elemental analysis and microstructural characterisation were conducted after fabrication and uniaxial tensile testing using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy along the different processing directions. In addition, electron backscattering diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to analyse deformation mechanisms. It was found that three distinct zones, namely the fusion, remelted and heat affected zones, evolved in all 25 deposited layers which predominantly comprised coarse columnar grains. Mo segregation was pronounced in the as-built microstructure. Deformation accommodation in β matrix was by …

Thermal Effect During Laser-Induced Plasmonic Heating Of Polyelectrolyte-Coated Gold Nanorods In Well Plates, Sujin Jiracheewanun, Michael B. Cortie, Dakrong Pissuwan

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

We examined the generation and transfer of heat when laser irradiation is applied to water containing a suspension of gold nanorods coated with different polyelectrolytes. The ubiquitous well plate was used as the geometry for these studies. The predictions of a finite element model were compared to experimental measurements. It is found that relatively high fluences must be applied in order to generate biologically relevant changes in temperature. This is due to the significant lateral heat transfer from the sides of the well, which strongly limits the temperature that can be achieved. A 650 mW continuous-wave (CW) laser, with a …

Finite Element Analysis Of Square Frp-Concrete-Steel Columns Under Eccentric Compression, Amin Izadi, Lip H. Teh, Aziz Ahmed, Maria Anna Polak

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

This paper presents the development of a finite element (FE) methodology for investigating the behavior of the FRP, concrete and steel components of a square FRP-concrete-steel composite (FCSC) columns with a rotated square inner steel tube. The FE models are developed in ABAQUS using the authors’ recently refined Concrete Damage Plasticity Model (CDPM) in conjunction with the FRP damage criteria available in the literature. The developed FE methodology is verified against the authors’ experimental test results involving columns with normal and rotated square inner steel tubes under eccentric loading, and the FE analysis results are used to explain the …

Transtibial Prosthetic Socket Fitting: Australian Prosthetist Perspectives On Primary Challenges, Management Strategies, And Opportunities For Workflow And Technological Innovation, Lucy E. Armitage, Kirsty A. Mcdonald, Lauren Kark, Angela Buller, Belinda Ford

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Background: Following transtibial amputation, a custom-built socket is the most common interface between the prosthesis and residual limb. Desire from both prosthetists and prosthesis users for improved socket fitting processes have been well documented. However, there is currently limited information available about prosthetists’ experiences of how prosthetic manufacturing workflow can contribute to socket fit problems.

Objectives: This study aims to determine how socket fit problems are currently detected and managed by prosthetists and to identify challenges, management strategies, and opportunities for workflow and technological innovation during prosthesis manufacture and socket fitting.

Study design: Mixed-method (quantitative and qualitative) survey.

Methods: An …

Development Of A More Accurate Geant4 Quantum Molecular Dynamics Model For Hadron Therapy, Yoshi-Hide Sato, Dousatsu Sakata, David Bolst, Susanna Guatelli, Akihiro Haga

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Objective. Although in heavy-ion therapy, the quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) model is one of the most fundamental physics models providing an accurate daughter-ion production yield in the final state, there are still non-negligible differences with the experimental results. The aim of this study is to improve fragment production in water phantoms by developing a more accurate QMD model in Geant4. Approach. A QMD model was developed by implementing modern Skyrme interaction parameter sets, as well as by incorporating with an ad hoc α-cluster model in the initial nuclear state. Two adjusting parameters were selected that can significantly affect the fragment …

A Photographic Essay On Landslides Across Southeastern New South Wales Triggered By The Rainfall Events Of 2022, Phil Flentje, Connor Larkin, Damian Mulcahy, Larissa Hettiarachchi, Dan Horan, James Cox, Stuart Milling, Peter Tobin, Kevin Bogie

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Eastern Australia has experienced a significant magnitude rainfall event of extended duration in the first 7 months of 2022. Across the east coast of New South Wales (NSW) a series of troughs and East Coast Lows occurred during a La Nina weather cycle bringing above average rainfall to the region. As this first half of 2022 La Nina event was drawing to a close the Indian Ocean Dipole entered a negative phase which coincided with another intense East Coast Low in early July 2022 impacting the Illawarra region of NSW. These events caused widespread flooding and significant landslide damage to …

Optimum Auxiliary Fan Location To Control Air Recirculation, Ramakrishna Morla, Shivakumar Karekal, Ajit R. Godbole, Purushotham Tukkaraja, Ping Chang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

This paper presents the optimum auxiliary fan(s) location to control air recirculation in dead-end workings where diesel-powered vehicles operate. Investigations were conducted with various secondary fan locations from the dead-end crosscut with varying the intake air quantities using a 30 m³/s capacity twin 75 kW auxiliary fan and 45 m³/s capacity twin 110 kW auxiliary fan to control air recirculation and DPM. The results showed that if the drive intake airflow rate matches the fan capacity, air recirculation will occur even when the fan is located 10 m away from the crosscut entry. Results also showed …

Prehistoric Landslides: Significance, Recognition, Examples, James V. Hamel, David L. Knott, Phil Flentje, Stephen Fityus

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Prehistoric landslides with a wide range of ages and sizes exist worldwide in both rock and soil. Many are thought to have occurred during Pleistocene time when climates in some areas were harsher and wetter. Subsequent weathering and erosion have subdued topography and other features of prehistoric landslides, often making them difficult to recognize. Recognition is the key to dealing with prehistoric and other old landslides. Old slide masses are usually only marginally stable because past movements reduced available shear strength on their failure surfaces to residual levels. These masses are susceptible to reactivation by construction activities, heavy precipitation, and …

Bulli Pass Landslide Risk Management Part 1 – Hazard Assessment, Andrew Hunter, Phil Flentje, Alan Moon

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

The Princes Highway along Bulli Pass is a narrow, heavily trafficked two lane section of the Princes Highway that traverses steep slopes on a grade of 9H:1V on the Illawarra Escarpment, about 11 km north of Wollongong, and 75 km south of Sydney in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. It is an important arterial road for the northern suburbs of Wollongong, connecting Mt Ousley Road (M1 Princes Motorway) at the crest of the escarpment to the suburb of Thirroul on the coastal plain at the base of the escarpment. Bulli Pass has a long history of landslide and rockfall events, …

Hygrothermal Performance Of Vapour-Permeable Wall Membranes In Cooler Australian Climates: Comparative Modelling And Sensitivity Analysis – Addendum, January 2022, Alan Green, Paul Cooper

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

This document has been prepared as an addendum to the report ‘Hygrothermal Performance of Vapour-Permeable Wall Membranes in Cooler Australian Climates: Comparative Modelling and Sensitivity Analysis’ [1] prepared by the Sustainable Buildings Research Centre (SBRC) at the University of Wollongong under the auspices of the Australian Research Council Hub for Australian Steel Innovation. It includes results from an additional set of hygrothermal simulations, as well as further explanation of certain assumptions in the original report.

Bitcoin Selfish Mining Modeling And Dependability Analysis, Chencheng Zhou, Liudong Xing, Jun Guo, Qisi Liu

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Blockchain technology has gained prominence over the last decade. Numerous achievements have been made regarding how this technology can be utilized in different aspects of the industry, market, and governmental departments. Due to the safety-critical and security-critical nature of their uses, it is pivotal to model the dependability of blockchain-based systems. In this study, we focus on Bitcoin, a blockchain-based peer-to-peer cryptocurrency system. A continuous-time Markov chain-based analytical method is put forward to model and quantify the dependability of the Bitcoin system under selfish mining attacks. Numerical results are provided to examine the influences of several key parameters related to …

Undersea Cables: The Ultimate Geopolitical Chokepoint, Bert Chapman

FORCES Initiative: Strategy, Security, and Social Systems

This work provides historical and contemporary overviews of this critical geopolitical problem, describes the policy actors addressing this in the U.S. and selected other countries, and provides maps and information on many undersea cable work routes. These cables are chokepoints with one dictionary defining chokepoints as “a strategic narrow route providing passage through or to another region."

Towards Creating Smart Cities In Nepal, Ambika P. Adhikari, Keshav Bhattarai

Himalayan Research Papers Archive

Many urban centers in the world are seeking to become smart cities. Nepali city leaders are also aspiring to make their cities smart. A smart city basically has clever improvements made in three sectors of its operations: technological, human, and institutional. Globally, many cities have recently made impressive enhancements in at least one or more of these areas. Nepal’s National Planning Commission (NPC) in 2016 had released a concept paper on smart cities for Nepal, defining smart cities as sustainable, information and technology-based, with high quality services and replicable (NPC 2016). As most Nepali cities still operate with limited infrastructure, …

Indoor Temperatures And Energy Use In Nsw Social Housing, Daniel Daly, Theresa Harada, M P. Tibbs, Paul Cooper, Gordon R. Waitt, Federico Tartarini

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Issues of fuel poverty and thermal discomfort have been identified in social housing internationally, and have been linked with possible health risks for tenants. Statistically, many of the known factors linking poor thermal performance of a dwelling and increased health risk are over-represented in Australian social housing compared with the general housing sector. The results of a mixed-method study undertaken in social housing properties are offered to better understand the relationship between energy consumption and thermal performance in a temperate climate in New South Wales, Australia. The project design combined household energy ethnographies, home energy audits and longitudinal monitoring of …

Hygrothermal Performance Of Vapour-Permeable Wall Membranes In Cooler Australian Climates: Comparative Modelling And Sensitivity Analysis, Alan Green, Paul Cooper

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

This research project was carried out under the auspices of the Australian Research Council (ARC) Research Hub for Australian Steel Innovation (IH200100005) and follows on from earlier experimental and numerical research that explored the thermal and hygric performance of walls with ventilated cavities [1]. The new research described below extends our earlier work, with an aim to:

1. Simulate and compare the hygrothermal (heat and moisture) performance of case study walls with ‘Class 3’ reflective and ‘Class 4’ non-reflective membranes located in Australian NCC Climate Zones 6 and 7; and
2. Investigate the sensitivity of such hygrothermal simulations to modelling assumptions

Mlc Tracking For Lung Sabr Is Feasible, Efficient And Delivers High-Precision Target Dose And Lower Normal Tissue Dose, Jeremy Booth, Vincent Caillet, Adam Briggs, Nicholas G. Hardcastle, Georgios Angelis, Dasantha Jayamanne, Meegan Shepherd, Alexander Podreka, Kathryn Szymura, Doan Nguyen, Per Poulsen, Ricky O'Brien, Benjamin Harris, Carol Haddad, Thomas Eade, Paul Keall

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Background and purpose: The purpose of this work is to present the clinical experience from the first-in-human trial of real-time tumor targeting via MLC tracking for stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) of lung lesions. Methods and materials: Seventeen patients with stage 1 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or lung metastases were included in a study of electromagnetic transponder–guided MLC tracking for SABR (NCT02514512). Patients had electromagnetic transponders inserted near the tumor. An MLC tracking SABR plan was generated with planning target volume (PTV) expanded 5 mm from the end-exhale gross tumor volume (GTV). A clinically approved comparator plan was generated …

Laboratory Learning Objectives Measurement: Relationships Between Student Evaluation Scores And Perceived Learning, Sasha Nikolic, Thomas Suesse, Kosta Jovanovic, Zarko Stanisavljevic

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Contribution: This article provides evidence that perceived learning has a relationship and influences the way students evaluate laboratory experiments, facilities, and demonstrators. Background: Debate continues on the capability and/or reliability of students to evaluate teaching and/or learning. Understanding such relationships can help educators decode evaluation data to develop more effective teaching experiences. Research Question: Does a relationship exist between student evaluation scores and perceived learning? Methodology: Perceived learning across the cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains was measured using the Laboratory Learning Objectives Measurement (LLOM) tool at an Australian (344 students) and Serbian (181 students) university. A multilevel statistical analysis was …

Genetic Variation For Fusarium Crown Rot Tolerance In Durum Wheat, Gururaj Pralhad Kadkol, Jess Meza, Steven Simpfendorfer, Steve Harden, Brian R. Cullis Professor

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Tolerance to the cereal disease Fusarium crown rot (FCR) was investigated in a set of 34 durum wheat genotypes, with Suntop, (bread wheat) and EGA Bellaroi (durum) as tolerant and intolerant controls, in a series of replicated field trials over four years with inoculated (FCR-i) and non-inoculated (FCR-n) plots of the genotypes. The genotypes included con- ventional durum lines and lines derived from crossing durum with 2–49, a bread wheat geno- type with the highest level of partial resistance to FCR. A split plot trial design was chosen to optimize the efficiency for the prediction of FCR tolerance for each …

Electrospun Nanofibers For Efficient Adsorption Of Heavy Metals From Water And Wastewater, Maryam Salehi, Donya Sharafoddinzadeh, Fatemeh Mokhtari, Mitra Salehi Esfandarani, Shafieh Karami

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Heavy metals (HMs) are persistent and toxic environmental pollutants that pose critical risks toward human health and environmental safety. Their efficient elimination from water and wastewater is essential to protect public health, ensure environmental safety, and enhance sustainability. In the recent decade, nanomaterials have been developed extensively for rapid and effective removal of HMs from water and wastewater and to address the certain economical and operational challenges associated with conventional treatment practices, including chemical precipitation, ion exchange, adsorption, and membrane separation. However, the complicated and expensive manufacturing process of nanoparticles and nanotubes, their reduced adsorption capacity due to the aggregation, …

Infinitesimal Knowledges, Rodney Nillsen

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

The notion of indivisibles and atoms arose in ancient Greece. The continuum—that is, the collection of points in a straight line segment, appeared to have paradoxical properties, arising from the ‘indivisibles’ that remain after a process of division has been carried out throughout the continuum. In the seventeenth century, Italian mathematicians were using new methods involving the notion of indivisibles, and the paradoxes of the continuum appeared in a new context. This cast doubt on the validity of the methods and the reliability of mathematical knowledge which had been regarded as established by the axiomatic method in geometry expounded by …

Thermal Bridging Of Horizontal Ceilings Under Pitched Roofs, Alan Green, Leela Kempton, Paul Cooper, Georgios Kokogiannakis

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

A detailed investigation has been conducted into methods for determining the thermal performance of horizontal ceilings under pitched roofs. Existing literature on relevant calculation, simulation and test methods was reviewed, and an extensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation study was conducted. Results from the CFD simulations were used to assess the accuracy of standard thermal bridge calculation methods when applied to timber-framed and steel-framed ceilings under a roof space.

Event-Triggered H∞ Control For Active Seat Suspension Systems Based On Relaxed Conditions For Stability, Wenxing Li, Haiping Du, Donghong Ning, Weihua Li, Shuaishuai Sun, Jumei Wei

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd An event-triggered H∞ controller is designed for an active seat suspension in this paper, where the continuous event-trigger scheme is applied to transfer the dynamic system states to the controller only at event-triggered time instants. Delay-dependent stability criteria in the form of linear matrix inequality (LMI) are presented to guarantee the asymptotic stability of the seat suspension system. One Lyapunov function is chosen where some matrices are introduced with relaxed conditions. Two tight inequalities are applied to prove the positive definiteness of the Lyapunov function and stability of the system, which reduces the conservatism of the …

A Hybrid Unsupervised Clustering-Based Anomaly Detection Method, Guo Pu, Lijuan Wang, Jun Shen, Fang Dong

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

In recent years, machine learning-based cyber intrusion detection methods have gained increasing popularity. The number and complexity of new attacks continue to rise; therefore, effective and intelligent solutions are necessary. Unsupervised machine learning techniques are particularly appealing to intrusion detection systems since they can detect known and unknown types of attacks as well as zero-day attacks. In the current paper, we present an unsupervised anomaly detection method, which combines Sub-Space Clustering (SSC) and One Class Support Vector Machine (OCSVM) to detect attacks without any prior knowledge. The proposed approach is evaluated using the well-known NSL-KDD dataset. The experimental results demonstrate …

Towards A More Effective Bidirectional Lstm-Based Learning Model For Human-Bacterium Protein-Protein Interactions, Huaming Chen, Jun Shen, Lei Wang, Yaochu Jin

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

The identification of protein-protein interaction (PPI) is one of the most important tasks to understand the biological functions and disease mechanisms. Although numerous databases of biological interactions have been published in debt to advanced high-throughput technology, the study of inter-species protein-protein interactions, especially between human and bacterium pathogens, remains an active yet challenging topic to harness computational models tackling the complex analysis and prediction tasks. In this paper, we comprehensively revisit the prediction task of human-bacterium protein-protein interactions (HB-PPI), which is a first ever endeavour to report an empirical evaluation in learning and predicting HB-PPI based on machine learning models. …